메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 317-345

Positive feedback loops sustain repeating bursts in neuronal circuits

Author keywords

Episodic behavior; Leech; Mutual excitation; Neuronal circuits; Reciprocal excitation

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL ACTIVITY; CELL INTERACTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FORCED SWIMMING TEST; LEECH; NERVE CELL EXCITABILITY; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE CELL STIMULATION; NERVE CORD; NONHUMAN; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSORY NERVE CELL;

EID: 79959786450     PISSN: 00920606     EISSN: 15730689     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10867-010-9210-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0000810157 scopus 로고
    • Autogenic rhythmicity in the abdominal ganglia of the crayfish: The control of swimmeret movements
    • Ikeda, K., Wiersma, C.A.: Autogenic rhythmicity in the abdominal ganglia of the crayfish: the control of swimmeret movements. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 12, 107-115 (1964)
    • (1964) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.12 , pp. 107-115
    • Ikeda, K.1    Wiersma, C.A.2
  • 2
    • 0037707484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • During fictive locomotion, graded synaptic currents drive bursts of impulses in swimmeret motor neurons
    • Mulloney, B.: During fictive locomotion, graded synaptic currents drive bursts of impulses in swimmeret motor neurons. J. Neurosci. 23, 5953-5962 (2003)
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 5953-5962
    • Mulloney, B.1
  • 3
    • 0001045337 scopus 로고
    • The central nervous control of flight in a locust
    • Wilson, D.M.: The central nervous control of flight in a locust. J. Exp. Biol. 38, 471-490 (1961)
    • (1961) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.38 , pp. 471-490
    • Wilson, D.M.1
  • 4
    • 17644388825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central pattern generator for swimming in Melibe
    • Thompson, S., Watson, W.H., III: Central pattern generator for swimming in Melibe. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 1347-1361 (2005)
    • (2005) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.208 , pp. 1347-1361
    • Thompson, S.1    Watson III, W.H.2
  • 5
    • 0029046650 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic neuromodulation in the Tritonia swim CPG: The serotonergic dorsal swim interneurons act presynaptically to enhance transmitter release from interneuron C2
    • Katz, P.S., Frost, W.N.: Intrinsic neuromodulation in the Tritonia swim CPG: the serotonergic dorsal swim interneurons act presynaptically to enhance transmitter release from interneuron C2. J. Neurosci. 15, 6035-6045 (1995)
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 6035-6045
    • Katz, P.S.1    Frost, W.N.2
  • 6
    • 0029564463 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic and extrinsic neuromodulation of motor circuits
    • Katz, P.S.: Intrinsic and extrinsic neuromodulation of motor circuits. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5, 799-808 (1995)
    • (1995) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.5 , pp. 799-808
    • Katz, P.S.1
  • 7
    • 0000146634 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal inhibition and rhythmicity: Swimming in a pteropod mollusk
    • Jacklet, J.W. (ed.)
    • Satterlie, R.A.: Reciprocal inhibition and rhythmicity: swimming in a pteropod mollusk. In: Jacklet, J.W. (ed.) Cellular and Neuronal Oscillators, pp. 151-171 (1989)
    • (1989) Cellular and Neuronal Oscillators , pp. 151-171
    • Satterlie, R.A.1
  • 8
    • 0034061563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escape swim network interneurons have diverse roles in behavioral switching and putative arousal in Pleurobranchaea
    • Jing, J., Gillette, R.: Escape swim network interneurons have diverse roles in behavioral switching and putative arousal in Pleurobranchaea. J. Neurophysiol. 83, 1346-1355 (2000)
    • (2000) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.83 , pp. 1346-1355
    • Jing, J.1    Gillette, R.2
  • 9
    • 0032862764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination of locomotor activity in the lamprey: Role of descending drive to oscillators along the spinal cord
    • Hagevik, A., McClellan, A.D.: Coordination of locomotor activity in the lamprey: role of descending drive to oscillators along the spinal cord. Exp. Brain Res. 128, 481-490 (1999)
    • (1999) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.128 , pp. 481-490
    • Hagevik, A.1    McClellan, A.D.2
  • 10
    • 19344375926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fictive swimming motor patterns in wild type and mutant larval zebrafish
    • Masino, M.A., Fetcho, J.R.: Fictive swimming motor patterns in wild type and mutant larval zebrafish. J. Neurophysiol. 93, 3177-3188 (2005)
    • (2005) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.93 , pp. 3177-3188
    • Masino, M.A.1    Fetcho, J.R.2
  • 11
    • 0036824323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular bases of a vertebrate locomotor system-steering, intersegmental and segmental co-ordination and sensory control
    • Grillner, S., Wallen, P.: Cellular bases of a vertebrate locomotor system - steering, intersegmental and segmental co-ordination and sensory control. Brain Res. Rev. 40, 92-106 (2002)
    • (2002) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.40 , pp. 92-106
    • Grillner, S.1    Wallen, P.2
  • 12
    • 0030030280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single neuron control over a complex motor program
    • Frost, W.N., Katz, P.S.: Single neuron control over a complex motor program. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 422-426 (1996)
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 422-426
    • Frost, W.N.1    Katz, P.S.2
  • 13
    • 0031035392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor rhythm evoked by ventrolateral funiculus stimulation in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro
    • Magnuson, D.S., Trinder, T.C.: Locomotor rhythm evoked by ventrolateral funiculus stimulation in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77, 200-206 (1997)
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.77 , pp. 200-206
    • Magnuson, D.S.1    Trinder, T.C.2
  • 15
    • 0029847273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation
    • Marder, E., Calabrese, R.L.: Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation. Physiol. Rev. 76, 687-717 (1996)
    • (1996) Physiol. Rev. , vol.76 , pp. 687-717
    • Marder, E.1    Calabrese, R.L.2
  • 16
    • 9644274259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent neural activity: Prevalence and mechanisms
    • Major, G., Tank, D.: Persistent neural activity: prevalence and mechanisms. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 14, 675-684 (2004)
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.14 , pp. 675-684
    • Major, G.1    Tank, D.2
  • 18
    • 0036588263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spike-independent release of ATP from Xenopus spinal neurons evoked by activation of glutamate receptors
    • Brown, P., Dale, N.: Spike-independent release of ATP from Xenopus spinal neurons evoked by activation of glutamate receptors. J. Physiol. 540, 851-860 (2002)
    • (2002) J. Physiol. , vol.540 , pp. 851-860
    • Brown, P.1    Dale, N.2
  • 19
    • 0036588380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of K(+) currents in Xenopus spinal neurons by p2y receptors: A role for ATP and ADP in motor pattern generation
    • Brown, P., Dale, N.: Modulation of K(+) currents in Xenopus spinal neurons by p2y receptors: a role for ATP and ADP in motor pattern generation. J. Physiol. 540, 843-850 (2002)
    • (2002) J. Physiol. , vol.540 , pp. 843-850
    • Brown, P.1    Dale, N.2
  • 20
    • 0034659365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine A1 receptors modulate high voltage-activated Ca2+ currents and motor pattern generation in the Xenopus embryo
    • Brown, P., Dale, N.: Adenosine A1 receptors modulate high voltage-activated Ca2+ currents and motor pattern generation in the Xenopus embryo. J. Physiol. 525, 655-667 (2000)
    • (2000) J. Physiol. , vol.525 , pp. 655-667
    • Brown, P.1    Dale, N.2
  • 21
    • 0036896242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resetting intrinsic purinergic modulation of neural activity: An associative mechanism?
    • Dale, N.: Resetting intrinsic purinergic modulation of neural activity: an associative mechanism? J. Neurosci. 22, 10461-10469 (2002)
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 10461-10469
    • Dale, N.1
  • 22
    • 0032528918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed production of adenosine underlies temporal modulation of swimming in frog embryo
    • Dale, N.: Delayed production of adenosine underlies temporal modulation of swimming in frog embryo. J. Physiol. 511, 265-272 (1998)
    • (1998) J. Physiol. , vol.511 , pp. 265-272
    • Dale, N.1
  • 23
    • 0029838634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of rhythmic movements by purinergic neurotransmitters in frog embryos
    • Dale, N., Gilday, D.: Regulation of rhythmic movements by purinergic neurotransmitters in frog embryos. Nature 383, 259-263 (1996)
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 259-263
    • Dale, N.1    Gilday, D.2
  • 24
    • 0031452481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion channels and the control of swimming in the Xenopus embryo
    • Dale, N., Kuenzi, F.M.: Ion channels and the control of swimming in the Xenopus embryo. Prog. Neurobiol. 53, 729-756 (1997)
    • (1997) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.53 , pp. 729-756
    • Dale, N.1    Kuenzi, F.M.2
  • 25
    • 0000896219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of sensory-evoked NMDA plateau potentials in the initiation of locomotion
    • Viana Di Prisco, G., Pearlstein, E., Robitaille, R., Dubuc, R.: Role of sensory-evoked NMDA plateau potentials in the initiation of locomotion. Science 278, 1122-1125 (1997)
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1122-1125
    • Viana Di Prisco, G.1    Pearlstein, E.2    Robitaille, R.3    Dubuc, R.4
  • 26
    • 0034329362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cellular mechanism for the transformation of a sensory input into a motor command
    • Viana Di Prisco, G., Pearlstein, E., Le Ray, D., Robitaille, R., Dubuc, R.: A cellular mechanism for the transformation of a sensory input into a motor command. J. Neurosci. 20, 8169-8176 (2000)
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 8169-8176
    • Viana Di Prisco, G.1    Pearlstein, E.2    Le Ray, D.3    Robitaille, R.4    Dubuc, R.5
  • 27
    • 33646095767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent responses to brief stimuli: Feedback excitation among brainstem neurons
    • Li, W.C., Soffe, S.R., Wolf, E., Roberts, A.: Persistent responses to brief stimuli: feedback excitation among brainstem neurons. J. Neurosci. 26, 4026-4035 (2006)
    • (2006) J. Neurosci. , vol.26 , pp. 4026-4035
    • Li, W.C.1    Soffe, S.R.2    Wolf, E.3    Roberts, A.4
  • 28
    • 65249107636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor rhythm maintenance: Electrical coupling among premotor excitatory interneurons in the brainstem and spinal cord of young Xenopus tadpoles
    • Li, W.C., Roberts, A., Soffe, S.R.: Locomotor rhythm maintenance: electrical coupling among premotor excitatory interneurons in the brainstem and spinal cord of young Xenopus tadpoles. J. Physiol. 587, 1677-1693 (2009)
    • (2009) J. Physiol. , vol.587 , pp. 1677-1693
    • Li, W.C.1    Roberts, A.2    Soffe, S.R.3
  • 29
    • 0001279790 scopus 로고
    • From stimulation to undulation: A neuronal pathway for the control of swimming in the leech
    • Brodfuehrer, P.D., Friesen, W.O.: From stimulation to undulation: a neuronal pathway for the control of swimming in the leech. Science 234, 1002-1004 (1986)
    • (1986) Science , vol.234 , pp. 1002-1004
    • Brodfuehrer, P.D.1    Friesen, W.O.2
  • 30
    • 0022861289 scopus 로고
    • Initiation of swimming activity by trigger neurons in the leech subesophageal ganglion. I. Output connections of Tr1 and Tr2
    • Brodfuehrer, P.D., Friesen, W.O.: Initiation of swimming activity by trigger neurons in the leech subesophageal ganglion. I. Output connections of Tr1 and Tr2. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 159, 489-502 (1986)
    • (1986) J. Comp. Physiol. A. , vol.159 , pp. 489-502
    • Brodfuehrer, P.D.1    Friesen, W.O.2
  • 31
    • 0022899418 scopus 로고
    • Initiation of swimming activity by trigger neurons in the leech subesophageal ganglion. III. Sensory inputs to Tr1 and Tr2
    • Brodfuehrer, P.D., Friesen, W.O.: Initiation of swimming activity by trigger neurons in the leech subesophageal ganglion. III. Sensory inputs to Tr1 and Tr2. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 159, 511-519 (1986)
    • (1986) J. Comp. Physiol. A. , vol.159 , pp. 511-519
    • Brodfuehrer, P.D.1    Friesen, W.O.2
  • 33
    • 0346218109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging reveals synaptic targets of a swim-terminating neuron in the leech CNS
    • Taylor, A.L., Cottrell, G.W., Kleinfeld, D., Kristan, W.B., Jr.: Imaging reveals synaptic targets of a swim-terminating neuron in the leech CNS. J. Neurosci. 23, 11402-11410 (2003)
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 11402-11410
    • Taylor, A.L.1    Cottrell, G.W.2    Kleinfeld, D.3    Kristan Jr., W.B.4
  • 34
    • 0028908639 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the segmental swim-generating system by a pair of identified interneurons in the leech head ganglion
    • Brodfuehrer, P.D., Parker, H.J., Burns, A., Berg, M.: Regulation of the segmental swim-generating system by a pair of identified interneurons in the leech head ganglion. J. Neurophysiol. 73, 983-992 (1995)
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.73 , pp. 983-992
    • Brodfuehrer, P.D.1    Parker, H.J.2    Burns, A.3    Berg, M.4
  • 35
    • 0037114950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for sequential decision making in the medicinal leech
    • Esch, T., Mesce, K.A., Kristan, W.B.: Evidence for sequential decision making in the medicinal leech. J. Neurosci. 22, 11045-11054 (2002)
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 11045-11054
    • Esch, T.1    Mesce, K.A.2    Kristan, W.B.3
  • 36
    • 0001917423 scopus 로고
    • Initiation, maintenance and modulation of swimming in the medicinal leech by the activity of a single neurone
    • Weeks, J.C., Jr., Kristan, W.B.: Initiation, maintenance and modulation of swimming in the medicinal leech by the activity of a single neurone. J. Exp. Biol. 77, 71-88 (1978)
    • (1978) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.77 , pp. 71-88
    • Weeks Jr., J.C.1    Kristan, W.B.2
  • 37
    • 0019967067 scopus 로고
    • Segmental specialization of a leech swim-initiating interneuron, cell 205
    • Weeks, J.C.: Segmental specialization of a leech swim-initiating interneuron, cell 205. J. Neurosci. 2, 972-985 (1982)
    • (1982) J. Neurosci. , vol.2 , pp. 972-985
    • Weeks, J.C.1
  • 38
    • 0023317612 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular stimulation of sensory cells elicits swimming activity in the medicinal leech
    • Debski, E.A., Friesen, W.O.: Intracellular stimulation of sensory cells elicits swimming activity in the medicinal leech. J. Comp. Physiol., A. 160, 447-457 (1987)
    • (1987) J. Comp. Physiol., A. , vol.160 , pp. 447-457
    • Debski, E.A.1    Friesen, W.O.2
  • 39
    • 0023394472 scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms generating the leech swimming rhythm: Swim-initiator neurons excite the network of swim oscillator neurons
    • Nusbaum, M.P., Friesen, W.O., Kristan, W.B., Jr., Pearce, R.A.: Neural mechanisms generating the leech swimming rhythm: swim-initiator neurons excite the network of swim oscillator neurons. J. Comp. Physiol., A. 161, 355-366 (1987)
    • (1987) J. Comp. Physiol., A. , vol.161 , pp. 355-366
    • Nusbaum, M.P.1    Friesen, W.O.2    Kristan Jr., W.B.3    Pearce, R.A.4
  • 40
    • 0034896187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional analyses of the leech swim oscillator
    • Friesen, W.O., Hocker, C.G.: Functional analyses of the leech swim oscillator. J. Neurophysiol. 86, 824-835 (2001)
    • (2001) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.86 , pp. 824-835
    • Friesen, W.O.1    Hocker, C.G.2
  • 41
    • 0024840708 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal control of leech swimming movements. I. Inhibitory interactions between motor neurons
    • Friesen, W.O.: Neuronal control of leech swimming movements. I. Inhibitory interactions between motor neurons. J. Comp. Physiol., A. 166, 195-203 (1989)
    • (1989) J. Comp. Physiol., A. , vol.166 , pp. 195-203
    • Friesen, W.O.1
  • 42
    • 0017291852 scopus 로고
    • Rhythmic swimming activity in neurones of the isolated nerve cord of the leech
    • Kristan, W.B., Jr., Calabrese, R.L.: Rhythmic swimming activity in neurones of the isolated nerve cord of the leech. J. Exp. Biol. 65, 643-668 (1976)
    • (1976) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.65 , pp. 643-668
    • Kristan Jr., W.B.1    Calabrese, R.L.2
  • 44
    • 0033753915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functionally heterogeneous segmental oscillators generate swimming in the medical leech
    • Hocker, C.G., Yu, X., Friesen, W.O.: Functionally heterogeneous segmental oscillators generate swimming in the medical leech. J. Comp. Physiol. A 186, 871-883 (2000)
    • (2000) J. Comp. Physiol. A , vol.186 , pp. 871-883
    • Hocker, C.G.1    Yu, X.2    Friesen, W.O.3
  • 45
    • 0017663881 scopus 로고
    • Generation of a locomotory rhythm by a neural network with recurrent cyclic inhibition
    • Friesen, W.O., Stent, G.S.: Generation of a locomotory rhythm by a neural network with recurrent cyclic inhibition. Biol. Cybern. 28, 27-40 (1977)
    • (1977) Biol. Cybern. , vol.28 , pp. 27-40
    • Friesen, W.O.1    Stent, G.S.2
  • 46
    • 0023674948 scopus 로고
    • A model for intersegmental coordination in the leech nerve cord
    • Pearce, R.A., Friesen, W.O.: A model for intersegmental coordination in the leech nerve cord. Biol. Cybern. 58, 301-311 (1988)
    • (1988) Biol. Cybern. , vol.58 , pp. 301-311
    • Pearce, R.A.1    Friesen, W.O.2
  • 47
    • 0036082476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model for intersegmental coordination of leech swimming: Central and sensory mechanisms
    • Cang, J., Friesen, W.O.: Model for intersegmental coordination of leech swimming: central and sensory mechanisms. J. Neurophysiol. 87, 2760-2769 (2002)
    • (2002) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.87 , pp. 2760-2769
    • Cang, J.1    Friesen, W.O.2
  • 48
    • 33845868199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems-level modeling of neuronal circuits for leech swimming
    • Zheng, M., Friesen, W.O., Iwasaki, T.: Systems-level modeling of neuronal circuits for leech swimming. J. Comput. Neurosci. 22, 21-38 (2007)
    • (2007) J. Comput. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 21-38
    • Zheng, M.1    Friesen, W.O.2    Iwasaki, T.3
  • 50
    • 0017999811 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal control of swimming in the medicinal leech. IV. Identification of a network of oscillatory interneurones
    • Friesen, W.O., Poon, M., Stent, G.S.: Neuronal control of swimming in the medicinal leech. IV. Identification of a network of oscillatory interneurones. J. Exp. Biol. 75, 25-43 (1978)
    • (1978) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.75 , pp. 25-43
    • Friesen, W.O.1    Poon, M.2    Stent, G.S.3
  • 51
    • 0017999769 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal control of swimming in the medicinal leech. V. Connections between the oscillatory interneurones and the motor neurones
    • Poon, M., Friesen, W.O., Stent, G.S.: Neuronal control of swimming in the medicinal leech. V. Connections between the oscillatory interneurones and the motor neurones. J. Exp. Biol. 75, 45-63 (1978)
    • (1978) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.75 , pp. 45-63
    • Poon, M.1    Friesen, W.O.2    Stent, G.S.3
  • 52
    • 0029394797 scopus 로고
    • Termination of leech swimming activity by a previously identified swim trigger neuron
    • O'Gara, B.A., Friesen, W.O.: Termination of leech swimming activity by a previously identified swim trigger neuron. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 177, 627-636 (1995)
    • (1995) J. Comp. Physiol. A , vol.177 , pp. 627-636
    • O'Gara, B.A.1    Friesen, W.O.2
  • 53
    • 0022258504 scopus 로고
    • Physiological and morphological analysis of synaptic transmission between leech motor neurons
    • Granzow, B., Friesen, W.O., Kristan, W.B., Jr.: Physiological and morphological analysis of synaptic transmission between leech motor neurons. J. Neurosci. 5, 2035-2050 (1985)
    • (1985) J. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 2035-2050
    • Granzow, B.1    Friesen, W.O.2    Kristan Jr., W.B.3
  • 54
    • 0033151588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory feedback can coordinate the swimming activity of the leech
    • Yu, X., Nguyen, B., Friesen, W.O.: Sensory feedback can coordinate the swimming activity of the leech. J. Neurosci. 19, 4634-4643 (1999)
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 4634-4643
    • Yu, X.1    Nguyen, B.2    Friesen, W.O.3
  • 55
    • 0027569585 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of swimming behavior in the medicinal leech. I. Effects of serotonin on the electrical properties of swim-gating cell 204
    • Angstadt, J.D., Friesen, W.O.: Modulation of swimming behavior in the medicinal leech. I. Effects of serotonin on the electrical properties of swim-gating cell 204. J. Comp. Physiol., A. 172, 223-234 (1993)
    • (1993) J. Comp. Physiol., A , vol.172 , pp. 223-234
    • Angstadt, J.D.1    Friesen, W.O.2
  • 56
    • 0019474318 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal basis of leech swimming: Separation of swim initiation, pattern generation, and intersegmental coordination by selective lesions
    • Weeks, J.C.: Neuronal basis of leech swimming: separation of swim initiation, pattern generation, and intersegmental coordination by selective lesions. J. Neurophysiol. 45, 698-723 (1981)
    • (1981) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.45 , pp. 698-723
    • Weeks, J.C.1
  • 57
    • 0007350463 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic basis of swim initiation in the leech. I. Connections of a swim-initiating neuron (cell 204) with motor neurons and pattern-generating 'oscillator' neurons
    • Weeks, J.C.: Synaptic basis of swim initiation in the leech. I. Connections of a swim-initiating neuron (cell 204) with motor neurons and pattern-generating 'oscillator' neurons. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 148, 253-263 (1982)
    • (1982) J. Comp. Physiol. A , vol.148 , pp. 253-263
    • Weeks, J.C.1
  • 58
    • 0024832077 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of swimming activity in the medicinal leech by serotonin and octopamine
    • Hashemzadeh-Gargari, H., Friesen, W.O.: Modulation of swimming activity in the medicinal leech by serotonin and octopamine. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 94, 295-302 (1989)
    • (1989) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.94 , pp. 295-302
    • Hashemzadeh-Gargari, H.1    Friesen, W.O.2
  • 59
    • 76149135672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of impulse adaptation in motoneurons
    • Tian, J., Iwasaki, T., Friesen, W.O.: Analysis of impulse adaptation in motoneurons. J. Comp. Physiol. A 196, 123-136 (2010)
    • (2010) J. Comp. Physiol. A , vol.196 , pp. 123-136
    • Tian, J.1    Iwasaki, T.2    Friesen, W.O.3
  • 60
    • 0001193233 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural and mechanosensory neurone responses to skin stimulation in leeches
    • Kristan, W.B., Jr., McGirr, S.J., Simpson, G.V.: Behavioural and mechanosensory neurone responses to skin stimulation in leeches. J. Exp. Biol. 96, 143-160 (1982)
    • (1982) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.96 , pp. 143-160
    • Kristan Jr., W.B.1    McGirr, S.J.2    Simpson, G.V.3
  • 61
    • 36749069845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of excitatory drive to a spinal locomotor network
    • Roberts, A., Li, W.C., Soffe, S.R., Wolf, E.: Origin of excitatory drive to a spinal locomotor network. Brain Res. Rev. 57, 22-28 (2008)
    • (2008) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.57 , pp. 22-28
    • Roberts, A.1    Li, W.C.2    Soffe, S.R.3    Wolf, E.4
  • 62
    • 0034122001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The activity-dependent plasticity of segmental and intersegmental synaptic connections in the lamprey spinal cord
    • Parker, D., Grillner, S.: The activity-dependent plasticity of segmental and intersegmental synaptic connections in the lamprey spinal cord. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12, 2135-2146 (2000)
    • (2000) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 2135-2146
    • Parker, D.1    Grillner, S.2
  • 63
    • 0037941640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast and slow locomotor burst generation in the hemispinal cord of the lamprey
    • Cangiano, L., Grillner, S.: Fast and slow locomotor burst generation in the hemispinal cord of the lamprey. J. Neurophysiol. 89, 2931-2942 (2003)
    • (2003) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.89 , pp. 2931-2942
    • Cangiano, L.1    Grillner, S.2
  • 64
    • 12844271636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of rhythm generation in a spinal locomotor network deprived of crossed connections: The lamprey hemicord
    • Cangiano, L., Grillner, S.: Mechanisms of rhythm generation in a spinal locomotor network deprived of crossed connections: the lamprey hemicord. J. Neurosci. 25, 923-935 (2005)
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , pp. 923-935
    • Cangiano, L.1    Grillner, S.2
  • 66
    • 79959788945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of leech swim duration by caudal ganglia
    • doi:10:1152/jn.00507.2010
    • Mullins, O.J., Hackett, J.T., Friesen, W.O.: Modulation of leech swim duration by caudal ganglia. J. Neurophysiol. doi:10:1152/jn.00507.2010 (2010)
    • (2010) J. Neurophysiol.
    • Mullins, O.J.1    Hackett, J.T.2    Friesen, W.O.3
  • 67
    • 0022555547 scopus 로고
    • Swim initiation in the leech by serotonin-containing interneurones, cells 21 and 61
    • Nusbaum, M.P., Kristan, W.B., Jr.: Swim initiation in the leech by serotonin-containing interneurones, cells 21 and 61. J. Exp. Biol. 122, 277-302 (1986)
    • (1986) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.122 , pp. 277-302
    • Nusbaum, M.P.1    Kristan Jr., W.B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.