Origin of excitatory drive to a spinal locomotor network

Brain Research Reviews

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 22-28

  Roberts, Alan ^a   Li, W C ^a   Soffe, S R ^a   Wolf, Ervin ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN   (Hungary)

Author keywords

Feedback; Locomotion; Reticulospinal; Rhythm generation; Synapses; Xenopus

Indexed keywords

EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; LOCOMOTION; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NERVE FUNCTION; NERVE STIMULATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETICULOSPINAL TRACT; REVIEW; RHOMBENCEPHALON; SENSORY STIMULATION; SPINAL CORD; STIMULUS; SWIMMING; SYNAPSE; TADPOLE;

ANIMALS; EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS; FEEDBACK; LARVA; LOCOMOTION; NERVE NET; RHOMBENCEPHALON; SPINAL CORD; SWIMMING; SYNAPSES; XENOPUS;

EID: 36749069845     PISSN: 01650173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.06.015     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Aiken S.P., Kuenzi F.M., and Dale N. Xenopus embryonic spinal neurons recorded in situ with patch-clamp electrodes - conditional oscillators after all?. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18 (2003) 333-343
2. Brocard F., and Dubuc R. Differential contribution of reticulospinal cells to the control of locomotion induced by the mesencephalic locomotor region. J. Neurophysiol. 90 (2003) 1714-1727
3. Brown T.G. The intrinsic factor in the act of progression of the mammal. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Biol. Sci. 84 (1911) 308-319
4. Brown T.G. On the nature of the fundamental activity of the nervous centres; together with an analysis of the conditioning of rhythmic activity in progression, and a theory of the evolution of function in the nervous system. J. Physiol. 48 (1914) 18-46
5. Buchanan J.T., and Cohen A.H. Activities of identified interneurons, motoneurons, and muscle fibers during fictive swimming in the lamprey and effects of reticulospinal and dorsal cell stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 47 (1982) 948-960
6. Dale N., and Roberts A. Dual component amino-acid-mediated synaptic potentials: excitatory drive for swimming in Xenopus embryos. J. Physiol. (London) 363 (1985) 35-59
7. Garcia-Rill E., and Skinner R.D. The mesencephalic locomotor region: II. Projections to reticulospinal neurons. Brain Res. 411 (1987) 13-20
8. Hebb D.O. The Organization of Behavior (1949), Wiley, New York
9. Kahn J.A., and Roberts A. The central nervous origin of the swimming motor pattern in embryos of Xenopus laevis. J. Exp. Biol. 99 (1982) 185-196
10. Kiehn O. Plateau potentials and active integration in the 'final common pathway' for motor behaviour. Trends Neurosci. 14 (1991) 68-73
11. Li W.C., Soffe S.R., and Roberts A. Spinal inhibitory neurons that modulate cutaneous sensory pathways during locomotion in a simple vertebrate. J. Neurosci. 22 (2002) 10924-10934
12. Li W.-C., Soffe S.R., and Roberts A. Dorsal spinal interneurons forming a primitive, cutaneous sensory pathway. J.Neurophysiol. 92 (2004) 895-904
13. Li W.-C., Soffe S.R., and Roberts A. Glutamate and acetylcholine corelease at developing synapses. PNAS 101 (2004) 15488-15493
14. Li W.C., Higashijima S., Parry D.M., Roberts A., and Soffe S.R. Primitive roles for inhibitory interneurons in developing frog spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 24 (2004) 5840-5848
15. Li W.-C., Soffe S.R., Wolf E., and Roberts A. Persistent responses to brief stimuli: feedback excitation among brainstem neurons. J. Neurosci. 26 (2006) 4026-4035
16. Lorente de No R. Analysis of the activity of chains of internuncial neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 1 (1938) 207-244
17. Ludwar B.C., Westmark S., Buschges A., and Schmidt J. Modulation of membrane potential in mesothoracic moto- and interneurons during stick insect front-leg walking. J. Neurophysiol. 94 (2005) 2772-2784
18. Matsuyama K., Mori F., Nakajima K., Drew T., Aoki M., and Mori S. Locomotor role of the corticoreticular-reticulospinal-spinal interneuronal system. Prog. Brain Res. 143 (2004) 239-249
19. Mulloney B. A test of the excitability-gradient hypothesis in the swimmeret system of crayfish. J. Neurosci. 17 (1997) 1860-1868
20. Nakayama K., Nishimaru H., and Kudo N. Rhythmic motor activity in thin transverse slice preparations of the fetal rat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 92 (2004) 648-652
21. Nishimaru H., Restrepo C.E., Ryge J., Yanagawa Y., and Kiehn O. Mammalian motor neurons corelease glutamate and acetylcholine at central synapses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 (2005) 5245-5249
22. Noga B.R., Kettler J., and Jordan L.M. Locomotion produced in mesencephalic cats by injections of putative transmitter substances and antagonists into the medial reticular formation and the pontomedullary locomotors trip. J. Neurosci. 8 (1988) 2074-2086
23. Noga B.R., Kriellaars D.J., Brownstone R.M., and Jordan L.M. Mechanism for activation of locomotor centers in the spinal cord by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. J. Neurophysiol. 90 (2003) 1464-1478
24. Ohta Y., and Grillner S. Monosynaptic excitatory amino acid transmission from the posterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus to spinal neurons involved in the control of locomotion in lamprey. J. Neurophysiol. 62 (1989) 1079-1089
25. Orlovsky G.N. Connexions of the reticulo-spinal neurons with the 'locomotor region' of the brain stem. Biophysics 15 (1970) 178-186
26. Orlovsky G.N. Work of the reticulospinal neurons during locomotion. Biophysics 15 (1970) 761-771
27. Roberts A. Early functional organization of spinal neurons in developing lower vertebrates. Brain Res. Bull. 53 (2000) 585-593
28. Roberts A., and Alford S.T. Descending projections and excitation during fictive swimming in Xenopus embryos: neuroanatomy and lesion experiments. J. Comp. Neurol. 250 (1986) 253-261
29. Roberts A., and Tunstall M.J. Mutual re-excitation with post-inhibitory rebound: a simulation study on the mechanisms for locomotor rhythm generation in the spinal cord of Xenopus embryos. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2 (1990) 11-23
30. Shik M.L., Severin F.V., and Orlovsky G.N. Control of walking and running by means of electrical stimulation of the mid-brain. Biophysics 11 (1966) 756-765
31. van Mier P., and ten Donkelaar H.J. Structural and functional properties of reticulospinal neurons in the early-swimming stage Xenopus embryo. J. Neurosci. 9 (1989) 25-37
32. Viana Di Prisco G., Pearlstein E., Robitaille R., and Dubuc R. Role of sensory-evoked NMDA plateau potentials in the initiation of locomotion. Science 278 (1997) 1122-1125
33. Viana Di Prisco G., Pearlstein E., Le Ray D., Robitaille R., and Dubuc R. A cellular mechanism for the transformation of a sensory input into a motor command. J. Neurosci. 20 (2000) 8169-8176
34. Yoshida M., Roberts A., and Soffe S.R. Axon projections of reciprocal inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord of young Xenopus tadpoles and implications for the pattern of inhibition during swimming and struggling. J. Comp. Neurol. 400 (1998) 504-518