Antimicrobials for bacterial bioterrorism agents

Future Microbiology

Volumn 6, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 667-676

  Sarkar Tyson, Mitali ^a   Atkins, Helen S ^a  

^a DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

antibiotic; antimicrobial; Bacillus anthracis; bioterrorism; Burkholderia pseudomallei; ciprofloxacin; doxycycline; Francisella tularensis; virulence; Yersinia pestis

Indexed keywords

ANTHRAX VACCINE; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CIPROFLOXACIN; GREPAFLOXACIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; OFLOXACIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; TEMAFLOXACIN; TROVAFLOXACIN;

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI; CELL DIVISION; FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VIRULENCE; YERSINIA PESTIS;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; BIOTERRORISM; HUMANS; VIRULENCE; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI; FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS; YERSINIA PESTIS;

EID: 79959776949     PISSN: 17460913     EISSN: 17460921     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.50     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M et al.: The Sverdolovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979. Science 266, 1202-1208 (1994
2. Inglesby T, Dennis D, Henderson D et al.: Plague as a biological weapon. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 23, 2281-2290 (2000
3. Mohammed M, Marston C, Popovic T, Weyant R, Tenover F: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus anthracis: comparison of results obtained by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution reference and E-test agar gradient diffusion methods. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 1902-1907 (2002 (Pubitemid 34596361)
4. Steward J, Lever MS, Simpson AJH, Sefton AM, Brooks TJG: Post-exposure prophylaxis of systemic anthrax in mice and treatment with fluoroquinolones. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 54, 95-99 (2004 (Pubitemid 39028974)
5. Heine HS, Bassett J, Miller L et al.: Determination of antibiotic efficacy against Bacillus anthracis in a mouse aerosol challenge model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51, 1373-1379 (2007 (Pubitemid 46586819)
6. Peterson JW, Moen ST, Healy D et al.: Protection afforded by fluoroquinolones in animal models of respiratory infections with Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis. Open Microbiol. 4, 34-46 (2010
7. Friedlander AM, Welkos SL, Pitt ML et al.: Postexposure prophylaxis against experimental inhalation anthrax. J. Infect. Dis. 167, 1239-1243 (1993 (Pubitemid 23115626)
8. Deziel MR, Heine HA, Louie M et al.: Effective antimicrobial regimens for use in humans for therapy of Bacillus anthracis infections and postexposure prophylaxis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 5099-5106 (2005 (Pubitemid 41778926)
9. Kao M, Bush K, Barnewall R et al.: Pharmacokinetic considerations and efficacy of levofloxacin in an inhalational anthrax (postexposure) rhesus monkey model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50, 3535-3542 (2006 (Pubitemid 44684862)
10. Oyston PC: Francisella tularensis: unravelling the secrets of an intracellular pathogen. J. Med. Microbiol. 57, 921-930 (2008
11. Dennis D, Inglesby T, Henderson D et al.: Tularemia as a biological weapon. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 285, 2763-2773 (2001
12. Russell P, Eley SM, Fulop MJ, Bell DL, Titball RW: The efficacy of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline against experimental tularemia. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 41, 461-465 (1998 (Pubitemid 28167505)
13. Chocarro A, Gonzalez A, Garcia I: Treatment of tularemia with ciprofloxacin. Clin. Infect. Dis. 31, 623 (2000
14. Limaye A, Hooper C: Treatment of tularemia with fluoroquinolones: two cases and a review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 29, 922-924 (1999 (Pubitemid 30256390)
15. Pérez-Castrillión J, Bachiller-Lurque P, Martín-Luquero M, Mena-Martin F, Herreros V: Tularemia epidemic in northwestern Spain: clinical description and therapeutic response. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33, 573-576 (2001 (Pubitemid 32709594)
16. Johansson A, Berglund L, Gothefors L, Sjöstedt A, Tärnvik A: Ciprofloxacin for treatment of tularemia in children. Paediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 19, 449-453 (2000 (Pubitemid 30307996)
17. Johansson A, Berglund L, Gothefors L, Sjöstedt A, Tärnvik A: Ciprofloxacin for treatment of tularemia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33, 267-268 (2001
18. Nelson M, Lever MS, Dean RE, Pearce PC, Stevens DJ, Simpson AJ: Bioavailability and efficacy of levofloxacin against Francisella tularensis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchusAntimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54, 3922-3926 (2010
19. Inglesby TV, Dennis DT, Henderson DA et al.: Plague as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 283, 2281-2290 (2000 (Pubitemid 30246781)
20. Wong J, Barash J, Sandfort R, Janda J: Susceptibilities of Yersinia pestis strains to 12 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 1995-1996 (2000 (Pubitemid 30422964)
21. Smith M, Vinh D, Hoa N, Wain J, Thung D, White N: In vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of strains of Yersinia pestis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 2153-2154 (1995
22. Russell P, Eley SM, Green M et al.: Efficacy of doxycycline and ciprofloxacin against experimental Yersinia pestis infection. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 41, 301-305 (1998 (Pubitemid 28083139)
23. Byrne W, Welkos S, Pitt M et al.: Antibiotic treatment of experimental pneumonic plague in mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 675-681 (1998 (Pubitemid 28114826)
24. Galimand M, Guiyoule A, Gerbaud G et al.: Multidrug resistance in Yersinia pestis mediated by a transferable plasmid. N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 677-680 (1997 (Pubitemid 27375474)
25. Goiyoule A, Gerbaud G, Buchrieser C et al.: Transferable plasmid-mediated resistance to streptomycin in a clinical isolate of Yersinia pestis. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7, 43-48 (2001 (Pubitemid 32173332)
26. Currie BJ, Fisher DB, Anstey NM, Jacups SP: Melioidosis: acute and chronic disease, relapse and re-activation. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 94, 301-304 (2000 (Pubitemid 30406565)
27. Ngauy V, Lemeshev Y, Sadkowski L, Crawford G: Cutaneous melioidosis in a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the Japanese during World War II. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 970-972 (2005 (Pubitemid 40256075)
28. Wagg DM, DeShazer D: Glanders, new insights into an old disease. In: Biological Weapons Defense: Infectious Diseases and Counterterrorism. Lindler LE, Lebeda FJ, Korch GW (EdsHumana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA, 209-238 (2004
29. Hawley RJ, Eitzen EM: Biological weapons - a primer for microbiologists. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 55, 235-253 (2001 (Pubitemid 32978105)
30. White NJ: Melioidosis. Lancet 361, 1715-1722 (2003 (Pubitemid 36577448)
31. Heptonstall J, Gent N: CRBN Incidents: Clinical Management & Health Protection. Health Protection Agency, London, UK (2008
32. Russell P, Eley SM, Ellis J et al.: Comparison of efficacy of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline against experimental melioidosis and glanders. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 45, 813-818 (2000 (Pubitemid 30348952)
33. Sivalingam SP, Sim SH, Jasper LC, Wang D, Liu Y, Ooi EE: Pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of experimental Burkholderia pseudomallei infection with doxycycline, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and co-trimoxazole. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61, 674-678 (2008 (Pubitemid 351321146)
34. Bertino J Jr, Fish D: The safety profile of the fluoroquinolones. Clin. Ther. 22, 798-817 (2000 (Pubitemid 30625913)
35. Brouillard JE, Terriff CM, Tofan A, Garrison MW: Antibiotic selection and resistance issues with fluoroquinolones and doxycycline against bioterrorism agents. Pharmacotherapy 26, 3-14 (2006 (Pubitemid 43082922)
36. Rotz LD, Khan AS, Lillibridge SR et al.: Public health assessment of potential biological terrorism agents. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8, 225-230 (2002 (Pubitemid 34202453)
37. Galimand M, Carniel E, Courvalin P: Resistance of Yersinia pestis to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50, 3233-3236 (2006 (Pubitemid 44527492)
38. Viktorov DV, Zakharova IB, Podshivalova MV et al.: High-level resistance to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins in Burkholderia pseudomallei and closely related species. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 102, S103-S110 (2008
39. Holden MT, Titball RW, Peacock SJ et al.: Genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 14240-14245 (2004 (Pubitemid 39305059)
40. Nierman WC, DeShazer D, Kim HS et al.: Structural flexibility in the Burkholderia mallei genome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 14246-14251 (2004 (Pubitemid 39305060)
41. Larsson P, Oyston PC, Chain P et al.: The complete genome sequence of Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia. Nature Genet. 37, 153-159 (2005
42. Parkhill J, Wren BW, Thomson NR et al.: Genome sequence of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. Nature 413, 523-527 (2001 (Pubitemid 32938750)
43. Read TD, Peterson SN, Tourasse N et al.: The genome sequence of Bacillus anthracis Ames and comparison to closely related bacteria. Nature 423, 81-86 (2003 (Pubitemid 36569586)
44. Thomson N, Holden M, Parkhill J: Brothers in arms. Nature Rev. Microbiol. 3, 100-101 (2005 (Pubitemid 40207591)
45. Chain PS, Carniel E, Larimer FW et al.: Insights into the evolution of Yersinia pestis through whole-genome comparison with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 13826-13831 (2004 (Pubitemid 39298492)
46. Zhang R, Lin Y: DEG 5.0, a database of essential genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D455-D458 (2009
47. Zhang R, Ou HY, Zhang CT: DEG: a database of essential genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, D271-D272 (2004 (Pubitemid 38081654)
48. Duffield M, Cooper I, McAlister E et al.: Predicting conserved essential genes in bacteria: in silico identification of putative drug targets. Mol. Biosystems 6, 2482-2489 (2010
49. Cuccui J, Easton A, Chu KK et al.: Development of signature-tagged mutagenesis in Burkholderia pseudomallei to identify genes important in survival and pathogenesis. Infect. Immun. 75, 1186-1195 (2007 (Pubitemid 46385809)
50. Flashner Y, Mamroud E, Tidhar A et al.: Identification of genes involved in Yersinia pestis virulence by signature-tagged mutagenesis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 31-33 (2003 (Pubitemid 36702770)
51. Leigh SA, Forman S, Perry RD et al.: Unexpected results from the application of signature-tagged mutagenesis to identify Yersinia pestis genes required for adherence and invasion. Microb. Pathog. 38, 259-266 (2005 (Pubitemid 40733555)
52. Su JL, Yang J, Zhao DM et al.: Genome-wide identification of Francisella tularensis virulence determinants. Infect. Immun. 75, 3089-3101 (2007 (Pubitemid 46870195)
53. Atkins TP, Prior R, Mack K et al.: Characterisation of an acapsular mutant of Burkholderia pseudomallei identified by signature tagged mutagenesis. J. Med. Microbiol. 51, 539-547 (2002 (Pubitemid 34747982)
54. DeShazer D, Brett P, Woods D: The type II O-antigenic polysaccharide moiety of Burkholderia pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide is required from serum resistance and virulence. Mol. Microbiol. 30, 1081-1100 (1998 (Pubitemid 28550130)
55. DeShazer D, Waag DM, Fritz DL et al.: Identification of a Burkholderia mallei polysaccharide gene cluster by subtractive hybridisation and demonstration that the encoded capsule is an essential virulence determinant. Microb. Pathog. 30, 253-269 (2001 (Pubitemid 32522135)
56. Reckseidler S, DeShazer D, Sokol PA et al.: Detection of bacterial virulence genes by subtractive hybridisation: identification of capsular polysaccharide of Burkholderia pseudomallei as a major virulence determinant. Infect. Immun. 69, 34-44 (2001 (Pubitemid 32038296)
57. Milne TS, Michell SL, Diaper H et al.: A 55 kDa hypothetical membrane protein is an iron-regulated virulence factor of Francisella tularensis subsp novicida U 112. J. Med. Microbiol. 56, 1268-1276 (2007 (Pubitemid 350105591)
58. Dufva M, Christensen CBV: Diagnostic and analytical applications of protein microarrays. Expert Rev. Proteom. 2, 41-48 (2005 (Pubitemid 40292578)
59. Felgner PL, Kayala MA, Vigil A et al.: A Burkholderia pseudomallei protein microarray reveals serodiagnostic nd cross-reactive antigens. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 13499-13504 (2009
60. Frearson JA, Wyatt PG, Gilbert IH et al.: Target assessment for antiparasitic drug discovery. Trends Parasitol. 23, 589-595 (2007 (Pubitemid 350161429)
61. Galan JE, Wolf-Watz H: Protein delivery into eukaryotic cells by type III secretion machines. Nature 444, 567-573 (2006 (Pubitemid 44864429)
62. Cornelis GR: The Yersinia YSC-YOP 'type III' weaponry. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3, 742-752 (2002
63. Aiello D, Williams JD, Majgier-Baranowska H et al.: Discovery and characterization of inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III Secretion. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54, 1988-1999 (2010
64. Felise HB, Nguyen HV, Pfuetzner RA et al.: An inhibitor of Gram-negative bacterial virulence protein secretion. Cell Host Microbe 4, 325-336 (2008
65. Kauppi AM, Nordfelth R, Uvell H et al.: Targeting bacterial virulence: inhibitors of type III secretion in Yersinia. Chem. Biol. 10, 241-249 (2003 (Pubitemid 36380281)
66. Pan NJ, Brady MJ, Leong JM et al.: Targeting type III secretion in Yersinia pestis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 385-392 (2009
67. Cornelis GR, Boland A, Boyd AP et al.: The virulence plasmid of Yersinia, an antihost genome. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 4, 1315 (1998
68. Wren BW: The Yersiniae - a model genus to study the rapid evolution of bacterial pathogens. Nature Rev. Microbiol. 1, 55-64 (2003
69. Nordfelth R, Kauppi AM, Norberg HA, Wolf-Watz H, Elofsson M: Small-molecule inhibitors specifically targeting type III secretion. Infect. Immun. 73, 3104-3114 (2005 (Pubitemid 40570380)
70. Harmon DE, Davis AJ, Castillo C et al.: Identification and characterization of small-molecule inhibitors of YOP translocation in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54, 3241-3254 (2010
71. Sun GW, Gan YH: Unraveling type III secretion systems in the highly versatile Burkholderia pseudomallei. Trends Microbiol. 18, 561-568 (2010
72. Stevens M, Wood MW, Taylor LA et al.: An Inv/Mxi-Spa-like type III protein secretion system in Burkholderia pseudomallei modulates intracellular behaviour of the pathogen. Mol. Microbiol. 46, 649-659 (2002 (Pubitemid 35365601)
73. Stevens MP, Friebel A, Taylor LA et al.: A Burkholderia pseudomallei type III secreted protein, BopE, facilitates bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and exhibits guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity. J. Bacteriol. 185, 4992-4996 (2003 (Pubitemid 36962307)
74. Stevens MP, Haque A, Atkins T et al.: Attenuated virulence and protective efficacy of a Burkholderia pseudomallei BSA type III secretion mutant in murine models of melioidosis. Microbiology 150, 2669-2676 (2004 (Pubitemid 39173270)
75. Erskine PT Knight MJ, Ruaux A et al.: High resolution structure of BipD: an invasion protein associated with the type III secretion system of Burkholderia pseudomallei. J. Mol. Biol. 363, 125-136 (2006 (Pubitemid 44437561)
76. Pal M, Erskine PT, Gill RS et al.: Near-atomic resolution analysis of BipD, a component of the type III secretion system of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Acta Cryst. Struct. Biol. Crystal Comm. 66, 990-993 (2010
77. Graumann PL: Cytoskeletal elements in bacteria. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 61, 589-618 (2007 (Pubitemid 350058222)
78. Margalit DN, Romberg L, Mets RB et al.: Targeting cell division: small-molecule inhibitors of FtsZ GTPase perturb cytokinetic ring assembly and induce bacterial lethality. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 11821-11826 (2004 (Pubitemid 39095378)
79. Paradis-Bleau C, Sanschagrin F, Levesque RC: Peptide inhibitors of the essential cell division protein FtsA. Prot. Eng. Design Select. 18, 85-91 (2005 (Pubitemid 40562557)
80. Stokes NR, Sievers J, Barker S et al.: Novel inhibitors of bacterial cytokinesis identified by a cell-based antibiotic screening assay. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 39709-39715 (2005 (Pubitemid 41779103)
81. Foss MH, Weibel DB: Oligochlorophens are potent inhibitors of Bacillus anthracis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54, 3988-3990 (2010
82. Paul SM, Mytelka DS, Dunwiddie CT et al.: How to improve R&D productivity: the pharmaceutical industry's grand challenge. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 9, 203-214 (2010
83. Payne D: Approaches for tackling the challenges of antibacterial discovery. Presented at: Antibiotics 2001 - Where Now? London, UK, 20 January 2011.