Soils contaminated with explosives: Environmental fate and evaluation of state-ofthe-art remediation processes (IUPAC technical eport)

Pure and Applied Chemistry

Volumn 83, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 1407-1484

  Kalderis, Dimitrios ^a   Juhasz, Albert L ^b   Boopathy, Raj ^c   Comfort, Steve ^d  

^a Dept of Electronics Technological Educational   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^c NICHOLLS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

Author keywords

2,4,6 trinitrotoluene (tnt); ; Explosives; High melting explosive (HMX); Iupac chemistry and the environment division; Rapid detention explosive (RDX); Soil contamination

Indexed keywords

2 ,4 ,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; HIGH MELTING; IUPAC CHEMISTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT DIVISION; RAPID DETENTION EXPLOSIVE (RDX); SOIL CONTAMINATION;

BOILERS; CARBON DIOXIDE; DEBRIS; EXPLOSIONS; INITIATORS (EXPLOSIVES); IONIZING RADIATION; NUCLEAR ENERGY; SOIL POLLUTION;

EXPLOSIVES;

EID: 79959709069     PISSN: 00334545     EISSN: 13653075     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1351/PAC-REP-10-01-05     Document Type: Article

References (458)

1. J. Akhavan. The Chemistry of Explosives, 2nd ed., RSC Paperbacks, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK (2004).
2. M. B. Talawar, R. Sivabalan, T. Mukundan, H. Muthurajan, A. K. Sikder, B. R. Gandhe, A. Subhananda Rao. J. Hazard. Mater. 161, 589 (2009).
3. A. Dario, M. Schroeder, G. S. Nyanhongo, G. Englmayer, G. M. Guebitz. J. Hazard. Mater. 176, 125 (2010).
4. S. Taylor, A. Hewitt, J. H. Lever, C. Hayes, L. Perovich, P. Thorne, C. Daghlian. Chemosphere 55, 357 (2004).
5. S. Taylor, J. H. Lever, J. Fadden, N. Perron, B. Packer. Chemosphere 75, 1074 (2009)
6. S. Taylor, J. H. Lever, J. Fadden, N. Perron, B. Packer. Chemosphere 77, 1338 (2009).
7. K. M. Dontsova, J. C. Pennington, C. Hayes, J. Simunek, C. W. Williforf. Chemosphere 77, 597 (2009).
8. T. Bausinger, J. Preuß. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 74, 1045 (2005);
9. T. Bausinger, E. Bonnaire, J. Preuß. Sci. Total. Environ. 382, 259 (2007).
10. B. Clark, R. Boopathy J. Hazard. Mater. 143, 643 (2007).
11. W. Dong, G. Xie, T. R. Miller, M. P. Franklin, T. P. Oxenberg, E. J. Bouwer, W. P. Ball, R. U. Halden. Environ. Pollut. 142, 132 (2006).
12. A. Eisentraeger, G. Reifferscheid, F. Dardenne, R. Blust, A. Schofer. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 26, 634 (2007).
13. R.H. Gray, D. A. McGrath. Federal Facilities Environ. J. Spring (1995).
14. J. A. MacDonald, M. J. Small, M. J. Morgan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 259 (2009).
15. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Distribution and Fate of Energetic on DoD test and Training Ranges: Final Report, ERDC-TR-06-13, Strategic Environment Research and Development Program (2006).
16. O. O. Bilukha, M. Brennan, M. Anderson, Z. Tsitsaev, E. Murtazaeva, R. Ibragimov. Prehospital Disaster Med. 22, 507 (2007).
17. J. A. MacDonald, M. J. Small, M. J. Morgan. Risk Anal. 28, 825 (2008).
18. S. A. McKenna, B. Pulsipher. Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. 23, 153 (2009).
19. O. O. Bilukha, M. Brennan. Br. Med. J. 330, 127 (2005).
20. C. Bendinelli. World J. Surg. 33, 1070 (2009).
21. J. C. Pennington, B. Silverblatt, K. Poe, C. A. Hayes, S. Yost. Soil Sedim. Contam. 17, 533 (2008).
22. J. C. Pennington, J. M. Brannon. Thermochim. Acta 384, 163 (2002).
23. A. L. Juhasz, R. Naidu. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 191, 163 (2007).
24. M. Brannon, T. E. Myers. Review of fate and transport processes of explosives. -Technical Report IRRP97-2. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, March 1997.
25. J. C. Lynch. Dissolution Kinetics of High Explosive Compounds (TNT, RDX, HMX) ERDC/EL TR-02-23, U.S. Army Engineering Research and Development Center (2002).
26. J. C. Lynch, J. M. Brannon, J. J. Delfino. Chemosphere 47, 725 (2002).
27. J. M. Brannon, C. B. Price, C. Hayes, S. L. Yost, B. Porter. Mar. Poll. Bull. 50, 247 (2005)
28. J. M. Brannon, C. B. Price, C. Hayes, S. L. Yost. Soil Sed. Contam. 11, 327 (2002).
29. C. J. McGrath. Technical Report IRRP-95-2, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station (1995).
30. J. M. Brannon, J. C. Pennington. Environmental Fate and Transport Process Descriptors for Explosives, ERDC/EL TR-02-10, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (2002).
31. J. C. Lynch, K. F. Myers, J. M. Brannon, J. J. Delfino. J. Chem. Eng. Data 46, 1549 (2001).
32. S. L. Larson, W. A. Martin, B. L. Escalon, M. Thompson. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 786 (2008).
33. J. S. Furey, H. L. Fredrickson, M. J. Richmond, M. Michel. Chemosphere 70, 1175 (2008).
34. R. G. Thomas. "Volatilisation from water" in Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods, Vol. 15, pp. 1-34, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1990).
35. J. C. Pennington, W. H. Patrick Jr. J. Environ. Qual. 19, 559 (1990).
36. J. Singh, S. D. Comfort, L. S. Hundal, P. J. Shea. J. Environ. Qual. 27, 572 (1998).
37. T. W. Sheremata, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, L. Paquet, A. Halasz, J. Hawari. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 4002 (1999).
38. S. B. Haderlein, K. W. Weissmahr, R. P. Schwarzenbach. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 612 (1996).
39. K. W. Weissmahr, S. B. Haderlein, R. P. Schwarzenbach. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62, 369 (1998).
40. N. Singh, D. Hennecke, J. Hoerner, W. Koerdel, A. Schaeffer. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 80, 443 (2008).
41. H. Yamamoto, M. C. Morley, G. E. Speitel, J. Clausen. Soil Sed. Contam. 13, 459 (2004).
42. F. Monteil-Rivera, C. Groom, J. Hawari. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 3878 (2003).
43. D. J. Glover, J. C. Hoffsommer. Photolysis of RDX: Identification and Reaction Products, Technical Report NSWCTR-79-349, Naval Surface Weapons Center, Silver Spring, MD (1979).
44. M. Godejohann, A. Preiss, K. Levsen, K.-M. Wollin, C. Mügge. Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. 26, 330 (1998).
45. T. C. Schmidt, M. Petersmann, L. Kaminski, E. v. Löw, G. Stork. Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 357, 121 (1997).
46. A. Preiss, M. Elend, S. Gerling, E. Berger-Preiss, K. Steinbach. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 389, 1979 (2007).
47. D. Hennecke, W. Kördel, K. Steinbach, B. Herrmann. "Transformation processes of explosives in natural water/sediment systems", 10th International UFZ Deltares/TNO Conference on Management of Soil, Groundwater and Sediments, Milano, Italy, 24-26 September (2008).
48. M. Emmrich. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 3802 (1999).
49. S. Hwang, D. R. Felt, E. J. Bouwer, M. C. Brooks, S. L. Larson, J. L. Davis. J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE 132, 256 (2006).
50. R. Bajpai, D. Parekh, S. Herrmann, M. Popovic, J. Paca, M. Qasim. J. Hazard. Mater. 106, 55 (2004).
51. J. L. Davis, M. C. Brooks, S. L. Larson, C. C. Nestler, D. R. Felt. Soil Sed. Contam. 15, 565 (2006).
52. K. A. Thorn, P. G. Thorne, L. G. Cox. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 2224 (2004).
53. V. K. Balakrishnan, A. Halasz, J. Hawari. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 1838 (2003).
54. A. Saupe, H. J. Garvens, L. Heinze. Chemosphere 36, 1725 (1998).
55. R. L. Bishop, R. L. Flesner, P. C. Dell'Orco, T. Spotarelli, S. A. Larson, D. A. Bell. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38, 2254 (1999).
56. R. L. Bishop, D. M. Harradine, R. L. Flesner, S. A. Larson, D. A. Bell. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 39, 1215 (2000).
57. A. Mills, A. Seth, G. Peters. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 3921 (2003).
58. J. F. Devlin, J. Klausen, R. P. Schwarzenbach. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 1941 (1998).
59. J. Singh, S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 1488 (1999).
60. T. B. Hofstetter, C. G. Heijman, S. B. Haderlein, C. Holliger, R. P. Schwarzenbach. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 1479 (1999).
61. K. B. Gregory, P. Larese-Cassanova, G. F. Parkin, M. M. Scherer. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 1408 (2004).
62. J. Park, S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea, T. A. Machacek. J. Environ. Qual. 33, 1305 (2004).
63. J. Z. Bandstra, R. Miehr, R. L. Johnson, P. G. Tratnyek. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 230 (2005).
64. J. Hawari. Biodegradation of RDX and HMX: From Basic Research to Field Application, pp. 727-310, Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives (2000).
65. C. V. Vorbeck, H. Lenje, P. Fischer, H.-J. Knackmuss. J. Bacteriol. 176, 932 (1994).
66. J. S. Zhao, D. Fournier, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, J. Hawari. "Biodegradation and bioremediation of explosives", in Applied Bioremediation and Phytoremediation, A. Singh, O. P. Ward (Eds.), Springer (2004).
67. J. Hawari, S. Beaudet, A. Halasz, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54, 605 (2000).
68. M. A. Alvarez, C. L. Kitts, J. L. Botsford, P. Unkefer. Can. J. Microbiol. 41, 984 (1995).
69. R. Boopathy, E. Melancon. Int. Biodet. Biodegrad. 54, 269 (2004).
70. R. Boopathy, J. Manning, C. F. Kulpa. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 32, 94 (1997).
71. R. Boopathy. Arch. Microbiol. 162, 167 (1994).
72. R. Boopathy, J. F. Manning. Can. J. Microbiol. 42, 1203 (1996).
73. R. Boopathy, C. F. Kulpa, M. Wilson. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 39, 270 (1993).
74. A. Caballero, J. J. Lazaro, J. L. Ramos, A. Esteve-Nunez. Environ. Microbiol. 7, 1211 (2005).
75. A. Caballero, A. Esteve-Nunez, G. J. Zylstra, J. L. Ramos. J. Bacteriol. 187, 396 (2005).
76. Y. S. Cho, B. U. Lee, K. H. Oh. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 83, 1211 (2008).
77. H. Claus, T. Bausinger, I. Lehmler, N. Perret, G. Fels, U. Dehner, J. Preuss, H. Konig. Biodegradation 18, 27 (2007).
78. A. Esteve-Nunez, J. L. Ramos. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 3802 (1998).
79. L. Eyers, B. Stenuit, S. N. Agathos. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 79, 489 (2008).
80. P. D. Fiorella, J. C. Spain. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 2007 (1997).
81. C. E. French, S. Nicklin, N. C. Bruce. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2864 (1998).
82. M. E. Fuller, J. F. Manning Jr. Curr. Microbiol. 35, 77 (1997).
83. A. Haïdour, J. L. Ramos. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 2365 (1996).
84. J. B. Hughes, C. Wang, K. Yesland, A. Richardson, R. Bhadra, G. Bennett, F. Rudolph. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 494 (1998).
85. A. M. Jones, C. W. Greer, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot, J. Lavigne, J. Hawari. "Biodegradability of higher energetic chemicals under aerobic conditions", 3rd International Conference on in situ and on site Bioreclamation, San Diego, CA (1995).
86. T. Kalafut, M. E. Wales, V. K. Rastogi, R. P. Naumova, S. K. Zaripova, J. R. Wild. Curr. Microbiol. 36, 45 (1998).
87. H. Y. Kim, H. G. Song. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 68, 766 (2005).
88. H. Y. Kim, G. N. Bennett, H. G. Song. Biotechnol. Lett. 24, 2023 (2002).
89. A. Kubota, T. Maeda, N. Nagafuchi, K. Kadokami, H. I. Ogawa. Biodegradation 19, 795 (2008).
90. R. Kutty, G. N. Bennett. Arch. Microbiol. 184, 158 (2005).
91. R. Kutty, G. Bennett. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33, 368 (2006).
92. M. Labidi, D. Ahmad, A. Halasz, J. Hawari. Can. J. Microbiol. 47, 559 (2001).
93. A. Lewis, T. Goszczynski, R. L. Crawford, R. A. Korus, W. Admassu. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 4669 (1996).
94. N. G. McCormick, F. E. Feeherry, H. S. Levinson. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31, 949 (1976).
95. S. Montpas, J. Samson, E. Langois, J. Lei, Y. Piche, R. Chenevert. Biotechnol. Lett. 19, 291 (1997).
96. S. S. B. Mosche, Z. Ronen, O. Dahan, N. Weisbrod, L. Groisman, E. Adar, R. Nativ. Environ. Pollut. 157, 2231 (2009).
97. C. Park, T. H. Kim, S. Y. Kim, J. Lee, S. W. Kim. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 94, 57 (2002).
98. C. W. Park, T. H. Kim, S. Y. Kim, J. W. Lee, S. W. Kim J. Biosci. Bioeng. 96, 429 (2003).
99. C. Park, T. H. Kim, S. Y. Kim, S. W. Kim, J. Lee, S. H. Kim. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 95, 567 (2003).
100. M. B. Pasti-Grigsby, T. A. Lewis, D. L. Crawford, R. L. Crawford. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1120 (1996).
101. S. G. Pavlostathis, G. H. Jackson. Water Res. 36, 1699 (2002).
102. A. J. Preuss, J. Fimpel, G. Diekert. Arch. Microbiol. 159, 345 (1993).
103. B. Stenuit, L. Eyers, R. Rozenberg, J. L. Habib-Jiwan, S. Matthijs, P. Cornelis, S. N. Agathos. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 2011 (2009).
104. L. A. Vanderberg, J. J. Perry, P. J. Unkefer. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 43, 937 (1995).
105. H. Yin, T. K. Wood, B. F. Smets. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 69, 326 (2005).
106. H. Yin, T. K. Wood, B. F. Smets. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 67, 397 (2005).
107. N. R. Adrian, C. M. Arnett. Curr. Microbiol. 48, 332 (2004).
108. C. M. Arnett, N. R. Adrian. Biodegradation 20, 15 (2009).
109. N. R. Adrian, T. Chow. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20, 1874 (2001).
110. H. R. Beller. Water Res. 36, 2533 (2002).
111. M. Bhatt, J. S. Zhao, F. Monteil-Rivera, M. Hawari. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32, 261 (2005).
112. B. Bhushan, S. Trott, J. C. Spain, A. Halasz, L. Paquet, J. Hawari. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 1347 (2003).
113. B. Bhushan, A. Halasz, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, J. Hawari. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 316, 816 (2004).
114. B. Bhushan, A. Halasz, J. Hawari. J. Appl. Microbiol. 100, 555 (2006).
115. P. R. Binks, S. Nicklin, N. C. Bruce. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 1318 (1995).
116. N. V. Coleman, T. Duxbury. Presented at the 2nd International Symposium on the Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives, Leesburg, VA, USA (1999).
117. N. V. Coleman, D. R. Nelson, T. Duxbury. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 30, 1159 (1998).
118. N. V. Coleman, J. C. Spain, T. Duxbury. J. Appl. Microbiol. 93, 463 (2002).
119. C. L. Kitts, D. P. Cunningham, P. J. Unkefer. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 4608 (1994).
120. M. J. Kwon, K. T. Finneran. Soil Sed. Contam. 17, 189 (2008).
121. M. J. Kwon, K. T. Finneran. Biodegradation 19, 705 (2008).
122. S. Y. Lee, B. W. Brodman. Environ. Eng. 39, 61 (2004).
123. N. G. McCormick, J. H. Cornell, A. M. Kaplan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42, 817 (1981).
124. A. Nejidat, L. Kafka, Y. Tekoah, Z. Ronen. Biodegradation 19, 313 (2008).
125. J. T. Priestley, N. V. Coleman, T. Duxbury. Biodegradation 17, 571 (2006).
126. I. B. Pudge, A. J. Daugulis, C. Dubois. J. Biotechnol. 100, 65 (2003).
127. H. Roh, C. P. Yu, M. E. Fuller, K. H. Chu. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 2505 (2009).
128. H. M. B. Seth-Smith, S. J. Rosser, A. Basran, E. R. Travis, E. R. Dabbs, S. Nicklin, N. C. Bruce. Microbiology 68, 4764 (2002).
129. L. A. Sherburne, J. D. Shrout, P. J. J. Alvarez. Biodegradation 16, 539 (2005).
130. R. Singh, P. Soni, P. Kumar, S. Purohit, A. Singh. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25, 269 (2009).
131. Y. Tekoah, N. A. Abeliovich. "Participation of cytochrome P-450 in the biodegradation of RDX by a Rhodococcus strain", 2nd International Symposium on the Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives, Leesburg, VA, USA (1999).
132. K. T. Thompson, F. H. Crocker, H. L. Fredrickson. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71, 8265 (2005).
133. B. Van Aken, J. M. Yoon, J. L. Schnoor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 508 (2004).
134. D. M. Young, P. J. Unkefer, K. L. Ogden. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 53, 515 (1997).
135. D. M. Young, C. L. Kitts, P. J. Unkefer, K. L. Ogden. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 56, 258 (1997).
136. C. L. Zhang, J. B. Hughes. Chemosphere 50, 665 (2003).
137. J. S. Zhao, A. Halasz, L. Paquet, C. Beaulieu, J. Hawari. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 5336 (2002).
138. J. S. Zhao, L. Paquet, A. Halasz, J. Hawari. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 63, 187 (2003).
139. J. S. Zhao, J. Spain, J. Hawari. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 46, 189 (2003).
140. J. S. Zhao, C. W. Greer, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, J. Hawari. Can. J. Microbiol. 50, 91 (2004).
141. J. S. Zhao, D. Manno, C. Beaulieu, L. Paquet, J. Hawari. Int. J. System Evol. Microbiol. 55, 1511 (2005).
142. J. S. Zhao, D. Manno, C. Leggiadro, D. O'Neill, J. Hawari. Int. J. System Evol. Microbiol. 56, 205 (2006).
143. B. Bhushan, L. Paquet, A. Halasz, J. C. Spain, J. Hawari. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306, 509 (2003).
144. R. Boopathy. Bioresource Technol. 76, 241 (2001).
145. J. Hawari, A. Halasz, S. Beaudet, L. Paquet, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 70 (2001).
146. B. Van Aken, J. M. Yoon, C. L. Just, J. L. Schnoor. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 4572 (2004).
147. J. S. Zhao, L. Paquet, A. Halasz, D. Manno, M. Hawari. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 237, 65 (2004).
148. J. S. Zhao, D. Manno, J. Hawari. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 59, 706 (2007).
149. P. B. Binks, C. E. French, S. Nicklin, N. C. Bruce. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1214 (1996).
150. H. Nivinskas, J. Sarlauskas, Z. Anusevicius, H. S. Toogood, N. S. Scrutton, N. Cenas. FEBS J. 275, 6192 (2008).
151. J. Hawari, A. Halasz, T. Sheremata, S. Beaudet, C. Groom, L. Paquet, C. Rhofir, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 2652 (2000).
152. D. Fournier, A. Halasz, J. Spain, P. Fiurasek, J. Hawari. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 166 (2002).
153. T. Fernando, S. D. Aust. Ind. Eng. Chem. ACS Symposium 468, 214 (1991).
154. T. Sheremata, J. Hawari. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 3462 (2000).
155. J. A. Bumpus, M. Tatarko. Curr. Microbiol. 28, 185 (1994).
156. S. Cheong, S. Yeo, H. G. Song, H. T. Choi. Microbiol. Res. 161, 316 (2006).
157. K. C. Donnelly, J. C. Chen, H. J. Huebner, K. E. Brown, R. L. Autenrieth, J. S. Bonner. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16, 1105 (1997).
158. S. K. Dutta, M. M. Jackson, L. H. Hou, D. Powell, H. E. Tatem. Bioremed. J. 2, 97 (1998).
159. A. Eilers, E. Rungeling, U. M. Stundl, G. Gottschalk. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 53, 75 (1999).
160. T. Fernando, J. A. Bumpus, S. D. Aust. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 1666 (1990).
161. J. Hawari, A. Halasz, S. Beaudet, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 2977 (1999).
162. T. F. Hess, P. S. Schrader. J. Environ. Qual. 31, 736 (2002).
163. J. Hodgson, G. Rho, S. R. Guiot, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot, J. Hawari. Can. J. Microbiol. 46, 110 (2000).
164. H. Y. Kim, H. G. Song. Curr. Microbiol. 41, 317 (2000).
165. H. Y. Kim, H. G. Song. Biotechnol. Lett. 22, 969 (2000).
166. H. Y. Kim, H. G. Song. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 61, 150 (2003).
167. J. Michels, G. Gottschalk. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 187 (1994).
168. G. S. Nyanhongo, S. R. Couto, G. M. Guebitz. Chemosphere 64, 359 (2006).
169. D. Rho, J. Hodgson, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, J. Hawari. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 73, 271 (2001).
170. J. Samson, E. Langlois, J. Lei, Y. Piche, R. Chenevert. Biotechnol. Lett. 20, 355 (1998).
171. K. Scheibner, M. Hofrichter, A. Herre, J. Michels, W. Fritsche. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 47, 452 (1997).
172. J. K. Spiker, D. L. Crawford, R. L. Crawford. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 3199 (1992).
173. J. D. Stahl, S. D. Aust. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 192, 477 (1993).
174. K. L. Sublette, E. V. Ganapathy, S. Schwartz. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 34-35, 709 (1992).
175. B. Van Aken, S. N. Agathos. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 48, 1 (2001).
176. B. Van Aken, K. Skubisz, H. Naveau, S. N. Agathos. Biotechnol. Lett. 19, 813 (1997).
177. B. Van Aken, M. Hofrichter, K. Scheibner, A. I. Hatakka, H. Naveau, S. N. Agathos. Biodegradation 10, 83 (1999).
178. R. W. S. Weber, D. C. Ridderbusch, H. Anke. Mycol. Res. 106, 336 (2002).
179. M. Weiss, R. Geyer, T. Gunther, M. Kastner. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23, 2049 (2004).
180. M. Weiss, R. Geyer, R. Russow, H. H. Richnow, M. Kastner. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23, 1852 (2004).
181. M. Bhatt, J. S. Zhao, A. Halasz, J. Hawari. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33, 850 (2006).
182. B. Bhushan, A. Halasz, J. Spain, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, J. Hawari. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 3104 (2002).
183. D. Fournier, A. Halasz, J. Spain, R. J. Spanggord, J. C. Bottaro, J. Hawari. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 1123 (2004).
184. T. W. Sheremata, J. Hawari. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 3384 (2000).
185. C. Axtell, C. G. Johnston, J. A. Bumpus. Soil Sed. Contam. 9, 537 (2000).
186. D. Fournier, A. Halasz, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, D. Manno, J. Hawari. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 4130 (2004).
187. C. E. French, S. Nicklin, N. C. Bruce. J. Bacter. 178, 6623 (1996).
188. T. Grummt, H.-G. Wunderlich, A. Chakraborty, M. Kundi, B. Majer, F. Ferk, A. K. Nersesyan, W. Parzefall, S. Knasmüller. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 47, 95 (2006).
189. ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA (1995).
190. S. G. Dodard, A. Y. Renoux, J. Hawari, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot, G. I. Sunahara. Chemosphere 38, 2071 (1999).
191. G. I. Sunahara, S. Dodard, M. Sarrazin, L. Paquet, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot, J. Hawari, A. Y. Renoux. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 39, 185 (1998).
192. G. I. Sunahara, S. Dodard, M. Sarrazin, L. Paquet, J. Hawari, C. W. Greer. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 43, 138 (1999).
193. O. Drzyzga, T. Gorontzy, A. Schmidt, K. H. Blotevogel. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28, 229 (1995);
194. O. Drzyzga, S. Jannsen, K. H. Blotevogel. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 31, 149 (1995).
195. T. Frische. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 51, 133 (2002).
196. L. R. Johnson, R. Davenport, H. Balbach, D. J. Schaeffer. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 27, 23 (1994).
197. NFESC. Toxicity of Marine Sediments and Pore Waters Spiked with Ordnance Compounds, Report Number CR 01-001-ENV, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (2000).
198. NFESC. Development of Marine Sediment Toxicity for Ordnance Compounds and Toxicity Identification Evaluation Studies at Selected Naval Facilities, Report Number CR 01-002-ENV, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (2000).
199. R. S. Carr, M. Nipper. Assessment of Environmental Effects of Ordnance Compounds and their Transformation Products in Coastal Ecosystems, Technical Report TR-2234-ENV, Naval Facilities Engineering Service Centre (2003).
200. A. Karnjanapiboonwong, B. Zhang, C. M. Freitag, M. Dobrovolny, C. J. Salice, P. N. Smith, R. J. Kendall, T. A. Anderson. Sci. Total Environ. 407, 5046 (2009).
201. M. G. Ryon. Water Quality Criteria for 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, AD ORNL 6304 (1987).
202. P. Y. Robidoux, J. Hawari, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, G. I. Sunahara. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 44, 311 (1999).
203. B. Lachance, A. Y. Renoux, M. Sarrazin, J. Hawari, G. I. Sunahara. Chemosphere 55, 1339 (2004).
204. A. Y. Renoux, M. Sarrazin, J. Hawari, G. I. Sunahara. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19, 1473 (2000).
205. P. Y. Robidoux, C. Svendsen, J. Caumartin, J. Hawari, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot, J. M. Weeks, G. I. Sunahara. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19, 1764 (2000).
206. C. T. Phillips, R. T. Checkai, R. S. Wentsel. Toxicity of Selected Munitions and Munition-contaminated Soil on the Earthworm (Eisenia foetida), Edgeworth Research Development and Engineering Center, U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defence Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, ERDEC-TR-037 (1993).
207. S. G. Dodard, A. Y. Renoux, J. Powlowski, G. I. Sunahara. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 54, 131 (2003).
208. R. Schafer, R. K. Achazi. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 6, 213 (1999).
209. G. Rosen, G. R. Lotufo. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 24, 2887 (2005).
210. R. Gensemer, R. Caldwell, S. Paulus, P. Crawford. "Derivation of toxicity reference values for the acute and chronic toxicity of RDX to marine organisms", PH022, Fourth SETAC World Congress, 14-18 November 2004, Portland, OR, USA (2004).
211. G. R. Lotufo, M. J. Lydy. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 49, 206 (2004).
212. S. Mukhi, X. Pan, G. P. Cobb, R. Patiño. Chemosphere 61, 178 (2005).
213. L. A. Smock, D. L. Stoneburner, J. R. Clark. Water Res. 10, 537 (1976).
214. D. T. Burton, S. D. Turley, G. T. Peters. Chemosphere 29, 567 (1994).
215. M. Saka. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23, 1065 (2004).
216. S. Rocheleau, R. G. Kuperman, M. Martel, L. Paquet, G. Bardai, S. Wong. Chemosphere 62, 545 (2006).
217. M. Simini, R. T. Chechai, J. E. Kolakowski, R. G. Kuperman, C. T. Phillips, C. W. Kurnas. "Ecological soil screening levels for plants exposed to TNT: Supporting range sustainability for training and testing", Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference, "Transformational Army Science and Technology: Charting the future of S&T for the Soldier", Orlando, Florida, 27-30 November 2006 (2006).
218. P. Y. Robidoux, G. Bardai, L. Paquet, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot, J. Hawari, G. I. Sunahara. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 44, 198 (2003).
219. E. P. H. Best, K. N. Geter, H. E. Tatem, B. K. Lane. Chemosphere 62, 616 (2006).
220. M. M. Peterson, G. L. Horst, P. J. Shea, S. D. Comfort. Environ. Pollut. 99, 53 (1998).
221. M. S. Johnson, L. S. Franke, R. B. Lee, S. D. Holladay. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18, 873 (1999).
222. M. S. Johnson, J. K. Vodela, G. Reddy, S. D. Holladay. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 46, 186 (2000).
223. M. S. Johnson, S. D. Holladay, K. S. Lippenholz, J. L. Jenkins, W. C. McCain. Toxicol. Pathol. 28, 334 (2000).
224. ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for RDX, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA (1995).
225. ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for HMX, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA (1997).
226. J. V. Dilley, C. A. Tyson, R. J. Spanggord, D. P. Sasmore, G. W. Newell, J. C. Dacre. J. Toxicol. Chem. 10, 1541 (1982).
227. M. S. Johnson, J. W. Ferguson, S. D. Holladay. Int. J. Toxicol. 19, 5 (2000).
228. S. S. Talmage, D. M. Opresko, C. J. Maxwell, C. J. Welsh, F. M. Cretella, P. H. Reno, F. B. Daniel. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 161, 1 (1999).
229. R. M. Gogal, S. A. Ahmed, C. T. Larsen. Avian Dis. 41, 714 (1997).
230. S. Rocheleau, B. Lachance, R. G. Kuperman, J. Hawari, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, G. I. Sunahara. Environ. Pollut. 156, 199 (2008).
231. E. P. H. Best, H. E. Tatem, K. N. Geter, M. L. Wells, B. K. Lane. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27, 2539 (2008).
232. J. M. Yoon, D. J. Oliver, J. V. Shanks. Chemosphere 68, 1050 (2007).
233. P. Gong, B. M. Wilke, S. Fleischmann. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 36, 152 (1999).
234. W. Kalsch, T. Junker, J. Rombke. J. Soil Sed. 6, 37 (2006).
235. N. A. Ali, D. Dewez, P. Y. Robidoux, R. Popovic. Ecotoxicology 15, 437 (2006).
236. M. M. Peterson, G. L. Horst, P. J. Shea, S. D. Comfort, R. K. D. Peterson. Environ. Pollut. 93, 57 (1996).
237. J. Kim, M. C. Drew, M. Y. Corapcioglu. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A 39, 803 (2004).
238. K. Picka, Z. Friedl. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 13, 789 (2004).
239. R. A. Price, J. C. Pennington, L. S. Larson, D. Neumann, C. A. Hayes. Soil Sed. Contam. 11, 307 (2002).
240. P. Y. Robidoux, C. Dubois, J. Hawari, G. I. Sunahara. Ecotoxicology 13, 603 (2004).
241. P. Scheidemann, A. Klunk, C. Sens, D. Werner. J. Plant Physiol. 152, 242 (1998).
242. M. Simini, R. S. Wentsel, R. T. Checkai, C. T. Phillips, N. A. Chester, M. A. Major, J. C. Amos. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 14, 623 (1995).
243. M. Vila, S. Mehier, S. Lorber-Pascal, F. Laurent. Environ. Poll. 145, 813 (2007).
244. M. Vila, S. Lorber-Pascal, F. Laurent. Environ. Geochem. Health 30, 199 (2008).
245. R. Boopathy, J. Manning, C. Montemagno, C. F. Kulpa. Curr. Microbiol. 28, 131 (1994).
246. R. Boopathy, M. Wilson, C. Montemagno, J. Manning, C. F. Kulpa. Bioresource Technol. 47, 19 (1994).
247. O. Dickel, H. J. Knackmuss. Arch. Microbiol. 157, 76 (1991).
248. E. Duque, A. Haidour, F. Godoy, J. L. Ramos. J. Bacter. 175, 2278 (1993).
249. S. B. Funk, D. J. Roberts, D. L. Crawford, R. L. Crawford. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 2171 (1993).
250. S. F. Nishino, J. C. Spain. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 2520 (1993).
251. J. C. Spain, D. T. Gibson. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 812 (1991).
252. J. Zeyer, P. C. Kearney. J. Agric. Food Chem. 32, 238 (1984).
253. R. J. Spanggord, J. C. Spain, S. F. Nishino, K. E. Mortelmans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 3200 (1991).
254. K. Valli, B. J. Brock, D. K. Joshi, M. H. Gold. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 221 (1992).
255. R. Boopathy, C. F. Kulpa. Curr. Microbiol. 25, 235 (1992).
256. R. Boopathy, M. Wilson, C. F. Kulpa. Water Environ. Res. 65, 271 (1993).
257. T. Gorontzy, J. Kuver, K. H. Blotevogel. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139, 1331 (1993).
258. D. F. Carpenter, N. G. McCormick, J. H. Cornell, A. M. Kaplan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35, 949 (1978).
259. L. Hallas, M. Alexander. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 3156 (1983).
260. R. Boopathy, C. F. Kulpa. Can. J. Microbiol. 40, 273 (1994).
261. S. A. Boyd, D. R. Shelton, D. Berry, J. M. Tiedje. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46, 50 (1983).
262. N. S. Battersby, V. Wilson. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 433 (1989).
263. L. Angermaier, H. Simon. Hoppe Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 364, 961 (1983).
264. R. Boopathy, C. F. Kulpa. Can. J. Microbiol. 39, 430 (1993).
265. F. Widdel, T. A. Hansen. "The dissimilatory sulfate and sulfur reducing bacteria", in The Prokaryotes, 2nd ed., A. Balows, H. G. Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, K. H. Schleifer (Eds.), pp. 583-624, Springer Verlag, New York (1992).
266. F. Bak, F. Widdel. Archiv. Microbiol. 146, 170 (1986).
267. F. Widdel. "Microbiology and ecology of sulfate and sulfur reducing bacteria", in Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, A. J. B. Zehnder (Ed.), pp. 469-585, John Wiley, New York (1988).
268. S. Schnell, F. Bak, N. Pfennig. Arch. Microbiol. 152, 556 (1989).
269. D. F. Berry, A. F. Francis, J. M. Bellag. Archiv. Microbiol. 112, 115 (1987).
270. W. C. Evans, F. Fuchs. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 42, 289 (1987).
271. C. S. Harwood, J. Gibson. J. Bacteriol. 165, 504 (1986).
272. A. Tschech. Forum Mikrobiol. 12, 251 (1989).
273. J. F. Geissler, C. S. Harwood, J. Gibson. J. Bacter. 170, 1709 (1988).
274. K. T. Holland, J. S. Knapp, J. G. Shoesmith. Anaerobic Bacteria, p. 46, Chapman and Hall, New York (1987).
275. G. Knoll, J. Winter. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30, 318 (1989).
276. A. Tschech, G. Fuchs. Arch. Microbiol. 152, 594 (1989).
277. A. Tschech, B. Schink. Arch. Microbiol. 145, 396 (1986).
278. R. Boopathy, L. Daniels. Curr. Microbiol. 23, 327 (1991).
279. S. M. Keith, R. A. Herbert. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 18, 55 (1983).
280. J. LeGall, G. Fauque. "Dissimilatory reduction of sulfur compounds", in Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, A. J. B. Zehnder (Ed.), pp. 587-639, John Wiley, New York (1988).
281. D. J. Steenkamp, H. D. Peck. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5450 (1981).
282. M. C. Liu, H. D. Peck. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 13159 (1981).
283. M. C. Liu, H. D. Peck. "Ammonia forming dissimilatory nitrite reductases as a homologous group of hexaheme-c-type cytochromes in metabolically diverse bacteria", in The Roots of Modern Biochemistry, K. Kauf, K. von Dohren, H. D. Peck (Eds.), pp. 685-691, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (1988).
284. J. M. Vega, H. Kamin. J. Biol. Chem. 252, 896 (1977).
285. C. A. Fewson. "Biodegradation of aromatics with industrial relevance", in Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics and Recalcitrant Compounds, T. Leisenger, A. M. Cook, R. Huttler, J. Nuesch (Eds.), pp. 141-179, Academic Press, London (1981).
286. B. E. Haigler, J. C. Spain. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 2239 (1993).
287. C. Bruhn, H. Lenke, H. J. Knackmuss. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53, 208 (1987).
288. P. R. Naumova, S. Y. Selivanovskay, F. A. Mingatina. Mikrobiologiya 57, 218 (1986).
289. A. Tschech, B. Schink. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 11, 9 (1988).
290. U. Szewzyk, B. Schink. Arch. Microbiol. 151, 541 (1989).
291. H. R. Beller, D. Grbic-Galic, D. Reinhard. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 786 (1992).
292. E. A. Edwards, L. E. Wills, M. Reinhard, D. Grbic-Galic. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 794 (1992).
293. K. Ziegler, K. Braun, A. Bockler, G. Fuchs. Arch. Microbiol. 149, 62 (1987).
294. S. Schnell, B. Schink. Arch. Microbiol. 155, 183 (1991).
295. S. Schnell, B. Schink. Arch. Microbiol. 158, 328 (1992).
296. J. F. Wyman, H. E. Guard, W. D. Won, J. H. Quay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37, 222 (1979).
297. D. W. Won, L. H. DiSalvo, J. Ng. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31, 576 (1974).
298. D. L. Kaplan, A. M. Kaplan. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28, 33 (1982).
299. R. Boopathy, J. Manning, C. F. Kulpa. Water Environ. Res. 70, 80 (1998).
300. R. Boopathy. Int. Biodet. Biodegrad. 46, 29 (2000).
301. R. Boopathy. Soil Sed. Contam. 10, 269 (2001).
302. R. Boopathy. J. Hazard. Mater. 92, 103 (2002).
303. R. Boopathy, C. F. Kulpa, J. Manning. Bioresource Technol. 63, 81 (1998).
304. H. D. Craig, W. E. Sisk, M. D. Nelson, W. H. Dana. Bioremediation of Explosives-contaminated Soils: A Status Review, Great Plains and Rocky Mountain Hazardous Substance Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan (KS) pp. 164 (1995).
305. T. A. Lewis, D. A. Newcombe, R. L. Crawford. J. Environ. Manag. 70, 291 (2004).
306. C. M. Peres, S. N. Agathos. Biotechnol. Ann. Rev. 6, 197 (2000).
307. K. T. Semple, B. J. Reid, T. R. Fermor. Environ. Pollut. 112, 269 (2001).
308. J. C. Pennington, C. A. Hayes, K. F. Myers, M. Ochman, D. Gunnison, D. R. Felt, E. F. McCormick. Chemosphere 30, 429 (1995).
309. K. A. Thorn, K. R. Kennedy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 3787 (2002).
310. M. L. Hampton, W. E. Sisk. "Environmental stability of windrow composting of explosives-contaminated soils", in Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management IX, D. W. Tedder (Ed.), pp. 252-257, Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1997).
311. T. Held, G. Draude, F. R. J. Schmidt, A. Brokamp, K. H. Reis. Environ. Technol. 18, 479 (1997).
312. W. G. Palmer, J. R. Beaman, D. M. Walters, D. A. Creasia. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 51, 97 (1997).
313. K. Elgh Dalgren, S. Waara, A. Duker, T. von Kronhelm, P. A. W. van Hees. Water Air Soil Pollut. 202, 301 (2009).
314. A. S. Jarvis, V. A. McFarland, M. E. Honeycutt. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 39, 131 (1998).
315. M. E. Fuller, C. E. Schaefer, R. J. Steffan. Chemosphere 77, 1076 (2009).
316. E. L. Rylott, N. C. Bruce. Trends Biotechnol. 27, 73 (2008).
317. J. D. Rodgers, N. J. Bunce. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 406 (2001).
318. R. G. Riefler, V. F. Medina. Chemosphere 63, 1054 (2006).
319. G. G. Briggs, R. H. Bromilow, A. A. Evans. Pestic. Sci. 13, 495 (1982).
320. J. C. MacFarlane, T. Pfleeger, J. Fletcher. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9, 513 (1990).
321. D. E. Salt, R. D. Smith, I. Raskin. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49, 643 (1998).
322. J. L. Schnoor, L. A. Licht, S. C. McCutcheon, N. L. Wolfe, L. H. Carreira. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 318A (1995).
323. Wolfe, T.-Y. Ou, L. Carreira, D. Gunnison. Alternative Methods for Biological Destruction of TNT; A Preliminary Feasibility Assessment of Enzymatic Degradation Contaminated Soils, U.S. Army Corps Waterways Experiment Station AD-645, pp. 1-645 (1994). Eng.
324. J. Dec, J.-M. Bollag. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 44, 1132 (1994)
325. J. D. Shrout, G. C. Struckhoff, J. F. Parkin, J. L. Schnoor. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 310 (2006).
326. R. Bhadra, D. G. Wayment, J. B. Hughes, J. V. Shanks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 446 (1999).
327. R. Bhadra, R. J. Spanggord, D. G. Wayment, J. B. Hughes, J. V. Shanks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 3354 (1999).
328. J. B. Hughes, J. Shanks, M. Vanderford, J. Lauritzen, R. Bhadra. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 266 (1997).
329. S. G. Pavlostathis, K. K. Comstock, M. E. Jacobson, M. F. Saunders. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17, 2266 (1998).
330. C. Sens, P. Scheidemann, D. Werner. Environ. Pollut. 104, 113 (1999).
331. K. S. Betts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 304A (1997).
332. C. E. French, S. J. Rosser, G. J. Davies, S. Nicklin, N. C. Bruce. Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 491 (1999).
333. D. R. Hitchcock, S. C. McCutcheon, M. C. Smith. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 55, 143 (2003).
334. L. Gustavsson, H. Hollert, S. Jönsson, B. van Bavel, M. Engwall. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 14, 202 (2007).
335. B. W. Schoenmuth, W. Pestemer. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 11, 273 (2004)
336. B. W. Schoenmuth, W. Pestemer. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 11, 331 (2004).
337. J. Kling. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 129A (1997).
338. B. Van Aken. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 20, 231 (2009).
339. R. T. Williams, P. S. Ziegenfuss, W. E. Sisk. J. Ind. Microbiol. 9, 137 (1992).
340. C. Lechner. Incineration of Soils and Sludges. Approaches for the Remediation of Federal Facility Sites Contaminated with Explosives or Radiation Wastes, EPA/625/R-93/013, pp. 30-33 (1993).
341. D. C. Staiff, L. C. Butler, J. E. Davis. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 12, 1 (1977).
342. L. C. Butler, D. C. Staiff, G. W. Sovocool, J. E. Davis. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 16, 49 (1981).
343. E. R. Cuttshall, G. Felling, S. D. Scott, G. S. Tottle. Method and apparatus for treating PCB-containing soil. U.S. Patent no. 5 197 823. Issued: 30 March (1993).
344. L. Hundal, J. Singh, E. L. Bier, P. J. Shea, S. D. Comfort, W. L. Powers. Environ. Pollut. 97, 55 (1997).
345. J. Singh, S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea. J. Environ. Qual. 27, 1240 (1998)
346. J. Singh, S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 1488 (1999).
347. M. J. Widman, P. J. J. Alvarez. Water Sci. Technol. 43, 25 (2001).
348. B.-T. Oh, C. L. Just, P. J. J. Alvarez. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 4341 (2001).
349. B.-T. Oh, P. J. J. Alvarez. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 141, 325 (2002).
350. S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea, T. A. Machacek, T. Satapanajaru. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 1717 (2003).
351. K. H. Sweeny. Am. Water Works Assoc. Res. Found. 2, 1487 (1979);
352. K. H. Sweeny. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. Sym. Ser. 77, 72 (1981).
353. T. Senzaki, Y. Kumagai. Kogyo Yosui 357, 2 (1988);
354. T. Senzaki, Y. Kumagai. Kogyo Yosui 369, 19 (1989).
355. G. W. Reynolds, J. T. Hoff, R. W. Gillham. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 135 (1990).
356. P. G. Tratnyek, M. M. Scherer, T. J. Johnson, L. J. Matheson. "Permeable reactive barriers of iron and other zero-valent metals", in Chemical Degradation Methods for Wastes and Pollutants: Environmental and Industrial Applications, M. A. Tarr, (Ed.). Marcel Dekker, New York. pp. 371-421 (2003).
357. A. B. Crockett, H. D. Craig, T. F. Jenkins, W. E. Sisk. Field Sampling and Selecting On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil, EPA/540/S-97/501, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV (1996).
358. S. D. Comfort. "Remediating RDX and HMX contaminated soil and water", in Bioremediation of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, M. Fingerman, R. Nagabhushanam (Eds.), Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA (2005).
359. P. S. Schrader, T. F. Hess. J. Environ. Qual. 33, 1202 (2004).
360. S.-Y. Oh, D. K. Cha, B.-J. Kim, P. C. Chiu. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21, 1384 (2002).
361. E. K. Wilson. Chem. Eng. News 73, 19 (1995).
362. EnviroMetal Technologies, Inc. (2009). Available from , September, 2009.
363. R. L. Johnson, P. G. Tratnyek, R. Miehr, R. B. Thoms, J. Z. Bandstra. Ground Water Monit. Rev. 25, 129 (2005)
364. J. D. Shrout, P. Larese-Casanova, M. M. Scherer, P. J. Alvarez. Environ. Technol. 26, 1115 (2005).
365. F. Monteil-Rivera, L. Paquet, A. Halasz, M. T. Montgomery, J. Hawari. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 9725 (2005).
366. S.-Y. Oh, P. C. Chiu, B. J. Kim, D. K. Cha. Water Res. 39, 5027 (2005).
367. J. S. Kim, P. J. Shea, J. E. Yang, J. E. Kim. Environ. Poll. 147, 634 (2007).
368. P. Wanaratna, C. Christodoulatos, M. Sidhoum. J. Hazard. Mater. 136, 68 (2006).
369. Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). Remediation of Explosives in Groundwater Using Zero-valent Iron in situ Treatment Wells, Final Report (ER-0223) (2008).
370. R. L. Johnson, R. B. Thoms, R. O'Brien Johnson, T. Krug. Ground Water Monit. Rev. 28, 47 (2008);
371. R. L. Johnson, R. B. Thoms, R. O'Brien Johnson, J. T. Nurmi, P. G. Tratnyek. Ground Water Monit. Rev. 28, 56 (2008).
372. R. Miehr, J. Z. Bandstra, R. Po, P. G. Tratnyek. "Remediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by iron metal: kinetic controls on product distributions in batch and column experiments", 225th National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, American Chemical Society 43, 1 (2003).
373. S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea, T. A. Machacek, H. Gaber, B.-T. Oh. J. Environ. Qual. 30, 1636 (2001).
374. M. Waria, S. D. Comfort, S. Onanong, T. Satapanajaru, H. Boparai, C. Harris, D. D. Snow, D. A. Cassada. J. Environ. Qual. 38, 1803 (2009).
375. R. E. Bentley, J. W. Dean, S. J. Ells, T. A. Hollister, G. A. LeBlanc, S. Sauter, B. H. Sleight III. Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of RDX to Aquatic Oorganisms, Final Report, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, AD-A061730 (1977);
376. R. E. Bentley, G. A. LeBlanc, T. A. Hollister, B. H. Sleight III. Acute Toxicity of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitrooctahydro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) to Aquatic Organisms, EG&G Bionomics, Wareham, MA, ADA054981 (1977).
377. W. L. McLellan, W. R. Hartly, M. E. Brower. Health Advisory for Hexahydro-1,3,5-tetranitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), Technical Report No. PB90-273533, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD (1988);
378. W. L. McLellan, W. R. Hartly, M. E. Brower. Health Advisory for Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), Technical Report No. PB90-273525, US Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD (1988).
379. J. Park, S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea, J. S. Kim. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 9683 (2005).
380. B. Gu, T. J. Phelps, L. Liang, M. J. Dickey, Y. Roh, B. L. Kinsall, A. V. Palumbo, G. K. Jacobs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 2170 (1999).
381. D. H. Phillips, D. B. Watson, Y. Roh, B. Gu. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 2033 (2003).
382. S. Yabusaki, K. Cantrell, B. Sass, C. Steefel. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 1493 (2001).
383. L. Liang, A. B. Sullivan, O. R. West, W. Kamolpornwijit, G. R. Moline. Environ. Eng. Sci. 20, 635 (2003).
384. J. Klausen, S. P. Tröber, S. B. Haderlein, R. P. Schwarzenbach. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 2396 (1995).
385. C. G. Heijman, C. Holliger, M. A. Glaus, R. P. Schwarzenbach, J. Zeyer. J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 4350 (1993);
386. C. G. Heijman, E. Grieder, C. Holliger, R. P. Schwarzenbach. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 775 (1995).
387. S.-Y. Oh, P. C. Chiu, D. K. Cha. J. Hazard. Mater. 158, 652 (2008).
388. D. S. Alessi, T. Grundl. J. Environ. Eng. 134, 937 (2008).
389. T. Satapanajaru, S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 1726 (2003);
390. T. Satapanajaru, P. J. Shea, S. D. Comfort, Y. Roh. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 5219 (2003).
391. E. H. Rueda, M. C. Ballesteros R. L. Grassi, M. A. Blesa. Clays Clay Miner. 40, 575 (1992).
392. A. Chilakapati, M. Williams, S. Yabusaki, C. Cole, J. Szecsody. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 5215 (2000).
393. J. Szecsody, J. Fruchter, M. A. McKinley, C. T. Reach, T. J. Gillmore. Feasibility of in-situ Redox Manipulation of Subsurface Sediments for RDX Remediation at Pantex, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL-13746, Richland, WA (2001);
394. J. Szecsody, J. Fruchter, M. D. Williams, V. R. Vermeul, D. Sklarew. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 4656 (2004).
395. H. K. Boparai, S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea, J. E. Szecody. Chemosphere 71, 933 (2008).
396. M. L. Adam, S. D. Comfort, T. C. Zhang, M. C. Morley. Bioremediation J. 9, 9 (2005).
397. D. Meenakshisundaram, M. Mehta, S. Pehkonen, S. W. Maloney. Electrochemical Reduction of Nitro-aromatic Compounds, Report TR 99/85/ ADA371059, U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL (1999).
398. R. B. Doppalapudi, G. A. Sorial, S. W. Maloney. Environ. Eng. Sci. 19, 115 (2002).
399. M. Pascale, L. Bonin, D. Bejan, L. Schutt, J. Hawari, N. J. Bunce. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 1595 (2004).
400. A. P. Khodadoust, K. R. Reddy, O. Narla. J. Environ. Eng. 132, 1043 (2006).
401. D. B. Gent, A. H. Wani, J. L. Davis, A. Alshawabkeh. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 6301 (2009).
402. T. F. Jenkins, A. D. Hewitt, C. L. Grant, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, M. E. Walsh, T. A. Ranney, R. A. Ramsey, A. J. Palazao, J. C. Pennington. Chemosphere 63, 1280 (2006).
403. J. C. Hoffsommer, D. A. Kubose, D. J. Glover. J. Phys. Chem. 81, 380 (1977).
404. M. Emmrich. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 874 (2001).
405. L. D. Hansen, S. L. Larson, J. L. Davis, M. J. Cullinane, C. C. Nestler, D. R. Felt. Lime Treatment of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Contaminated Soils: Proof of Concept Study, USACE, ERDC/ELTR-03-15, U.S. Army Environmental Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS (2003).
406. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Field Applications of in situ remediation technologies: chemical oxidation. EPA 5421-R-98-008. United State Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Technology Innovation Office. Washington, DC (1998).
407. J. D. Rodgers, N. J. Bunce. Water Res. 35, 2101 (2001).
408. E. Edward, T. Dennis. Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable: Ultraviolet Oxidation (1999).
409. P. C. Ho. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 260 (1986)
410. E. C. Fleming, M. E. Zappi, J. Miller, R. Hernandez, E. Toro. Evaluation of Peroxone Oxidation Techniques for Removal of Explosives from Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant Waters, Technical Report SERDP-97-2, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS (1997).
411. P. Bose, W. H. Glaze, D. S. Maddox. Water Res. 32, 997 (1998);
412. P. Bose, W. H. Glaze, D. S. Maddox. Water Res. 32, 1005 (1998).
413. A. C. Elmore, T. Graff. "Groundwater circulation wells using innovative treatment systems", Proceedings of the 2001 International Containment & Remediation Technology Conference, Orlando, FL (2001).
414. U.S. Department of Energy. In situ Chemical Oxidation Using Potassium Permanganate, Innovative Technology Summary Report DOE/EM-0496, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC (1999).
415. D. W. Oberle, D. L. Schroder. "Design considerations for in situ chemical oxidation", in Chemical Oxidation and Reactive Barriers: Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, pp. 91-99, G. B. Wickramanayake, A. R. Gavaskar, A. S. C. Chen (Eds.), Battelle Press, Columbus, OH (2000).
416. IT Corporation, S. M. Stoller Corporation. Implementation Report of Remediation Technology Screening and Treatability Testing of Possible Remediation Technologies for the Pantex Perched Aquifer, Pantex Environmental Restoration Department, U.S. Department of Energy Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX (2000).
417. R. L. Siegrist, M. A. Urynowicz, O. R. West, M. L. Crimi, K. S. Lowe. Principles and Practices of in situ Chemical Oxidation Using Permanganate, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH (2001).
418. M. L. Adam, S. D. Comfort, M. C. Morley, D. D. Snow. J. Environ. Qual. 33, 2165 (2004).
419. C. Chokejaroenrat. Laboratory and Pilot-scale Investigations of RDX Treatment by Permanganate, M.S. Thesis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (2008).
420. Albano. In situ chemical oxidation of RDX-contaminated groundwater with permanganate at the Nebraska ordnance plant, M.S. Thesis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (2009).
421. H. J. H. Fenton. J. Chem. Soc. 65, 899 (1894).
422. D. L. Sedlak, A. W. Andren. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25, 777 (1991).
423. R. J. Watts, M. D. Udell, S. W. Leung. "Treatment of contaminated soils using catalyzed hydrogen peroxide", in Chemical Oxidation Technologies for the Nineties, W. W. Eckenfelder, A. R. Bowers, J. A. Roth (Eds.), pp. 37-50, Technomic Pub., Lancaster, PA (1991).
424. F. Haber, J. Weiss. "The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron salts", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A 147, 332 (1934).
425. M.-J. Liou, M.-C. Lu. J. Mol. Catal. A 277, 155 (2007).
426. K. Zoh, K. D. Stenstrom. Water Res. 36, 1331 (2002).
427. E. L. Bier, J. Singh, Z. Li, S. D. Comfort, P. Shea. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18, 1078 (1999).
428. M.-J. Liou, M.-C. Lu, J.-N. Chen. Water. Res. 37, 3172 (2003).
429. W. K. Gauger, V. J. Srivastava, T. D. Hayes, D. G. Linz. "Enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in manufactured gas plant wastes" in Gas, Oil, Coal, and Environmental Biotechnology III, C. Akin, J. Smith (Eds.), pp. 75-92, Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL (1991).
430. Z. M. Li, S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea. J. Environ. Qual. 26, 480 (1997);
431. Z. M. Li, M. M. Peterson, S. D. Comfort, G. L. Horst, P. J. Shea, B. T. Oh. Sci. Total Environ. 204, 107 (1997)
432. Z. M. Li, P. J. Shea, S. D. Comfort. Environ. Eng. Sci. 14, 55 (1997).
433. J. J. Pignatello, M. Day. Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. 13, 237 (1996).
434. J. X. Ravikumar, M. D. Gurol. "Fenton reagent as a chemical oxidant for soil contaminants", in Chemical Oxidation Technologies for the Nineties, W. W. Eckenfelder, A. R. Bowers, J. A. Roth (Eds.), pp. 206-229, Technomic Pub., Lancaster, PA (1992).
435. B. T. Tyre, R. J. Watts, G. C. Miller. J. Environ. Qual. 20, 832 (1991).
436. R. J. Watts, M. D. Udell, P. A. Rauch, S. W. Leung. Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. 7, 335 (1990)
437. R. J. Watts, M. D. Udell, R. M. Monsen. Water Environ. Res. 65, 839 (1993).
438. D. D. Gates-Anderson, R. L. Siegrist, S. R. Cline. J. Environ. Eng. 127, 337 (2001).
439. G. Yardin, S. Chiron. Chemosphere 62, 1395 (2006).
440. V. J. Srivastava, A. P. Leuschner. Land Treatment of MGP Soils: Field Scale Demonstration, Engineering Assessment and Economic Evaluation, Gas Research Institute, GR-94/0174, Chicago, IL (1994).
441. T. Horn, S. Funk. Soil & Groundwater Cleanup, 6-9 November (1998).
442. M. A. Tarr. "Fenton and modified Fenton methods for pollutant degradation", in Chemical Degradation Methods for Wastes and Pollutants. Environmental and Industrial Applications, M. A. Tarr (Ed.), pp. 165-200, Marcel Dekker, New York (2003).
443. Beltrán. "Ozone-UV radiation-hydrogen peroxide oxidation technologies", in Chemical Degradation Methods for Wastes and Ppollutants: Environmental and Industrial Applications, M. A. Tarr (Ed.), pp. 1-75, Marcel Dekker, New York (2003);
444. F. J. Beltrán. Ozone Reaction Kinetics for Water and Wastewater Systems, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL (2004).
445. J. L. Sotelo, F. J. Beltrán, F. J. Benítez, J. Beltrán-Heredia. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 26, 39 (1987).
446. H. Kusic, N. Koprivanac, A. Loncaric Bozic. Chem. Eng. J. 123, 127 (2006).
447. S. J. Masten, S. H. R. Davies. J. Contam. Hydrol. 28, 327 (1997).
448. I. Hsu, S. J. Masten. Environ. Eng. Sci. 14, 207 (1997).
449. H. Choi, H. N. Lim, J. Y. Kim, J. Cho. Water Sci. Technol. 43, 349 (2001).
450. J. Kim, H. Choi. J. Contam. Hydrol. 55, 261 (2002).
451. M. A. Adam, S. D. Comfort, D. D. Snow, D. Cassada, M. C. Morley, W. Clayton. J. Environ. Eng. 132, 1580 (2006).
452. K.-C. Huang, R. A. Couttenye, G. E. Hoag. Chemosphere 49, 413 (2002).
453. P. A. Block, R. A. Brown, D. Robinson. "Novel activation technologies for sodium persulfate in situ chemical oxidation", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA (2004).
454. S. A. Waisner, G. E. Hoag. "Fe(III)-EDTA-activated persulfate destruction of explosives and pH dependence of chemistry. Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds-2006", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA, 22-25 May (2006);
455. S. Waisner, V. F. Medina, A. G. Morrow, C. C. Nestler. J. Environ. Eng. 134, 743 (2008)
456. D. Kalderis, S. B. Hawthorne, A. A. Clifford, E. Gidarakos. J. Hazard. Mater. 159, 329 (2008)
457. S. B. Hawthorne, A. J. M. Lagadec, D. Kalderis, A. V. Lilke, D. J. Miller. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 3224 (2000).
458. N. J. Duijm, F. Markert. J. Hazard. Mater. 90, 137 (2002)