The golden age of minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery: Current and future perspectives

Future Cardiology

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 333-346

  Iribarne, Alexander ^a   Easterwood, Rachel ^a   Chan, Edward Y H ^a   Yang, Jonathan ^a   Soni, Lori ^a   Russo, Mark J ^b   Smith, Craig R ^a   Argenziano, Michael ^a  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery; outcomes

Indexed keywords

AORTA STENOSIS; AORTA VALVE DISEASE; AORTA VALVE REPLACEMENT; BALLOON OCCLUSION; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; ENDOVASCULAR ANEURYSM REPAIR; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; MINIMALLY INVASIVE CARDIAC SURGERY; MINIMALLY INVASIVE CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY; MINIMALLY INVASIVE DIRECT CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS; MITRAL ANNULOPLASTY; MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION; MITRAL VALVE REPAIR; MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT; OFF PUMP CORONARY SURGERY; OPERATION DURATION; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; REVIEW; ROBOTICS; SKIN INCISION; STERNOTOMY; THORACOTOMY; THORAX DISEASE; TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; VASCULAR ACCESS; WOUND INFECTION;

AGE FACTORS; AORTIC VALVE; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; HUMANS; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MINIMALLY INVASIVE; THORACIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES;

EID: 79958101416     PISSN: 14796678     EISSN: 17448298     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/fca.11.23     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. Cohn LH: Fifty years of open-heart surgery. Circulation 107(17), 2168-2170 (2003). (Pubitemid 36547205)
2. Cosgrove 3rd DM, Sabik JF, Navia JL: Minimally invasive valve operations. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 65(6), 1535-1538 (1998).
3. Kronzon I, Matros TG: Intraoperative echocardiography in minimally invasive cardiac surgery and novel cardiovascular surgical techniques. Am. Heart Hosp. J. 2(4), 198-204 (2004).
4. Gammie JS, Zhao Y, Peterson ED, OBrien SM, Rankin JS, Griffith BP: Less-invasive mitral valve operations: trends and outcomes from the society of thoracic surgeons adult cardiac surgery database. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 90, 1401-1410 (2010).
5. Iribarne A, Russo MJ, Easterwood R, et al. Minimally invasive versus sternotomy approach for mitral valve surgery: a propensity analysis. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 90(5), 1471-1477 (2010).
6. Iribarne A, Karpenko A, Russo MJ, et al. Eight-year experience with minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery. World J. Surg. 34(4), 611-615 (2010).
7. Schmitto JD, Mokashi SA, Cohn LH: Minimally-invasive valve surgery. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 56(6), 455-462 (2010).
8. Navia JL, Cosgrove DM: Minimally invasive mitral valve operations. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 62, 1542-1544 (1996). (Pubitemid 26383580)
9. Gillinov AM, Cosgrove DM: Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: mini-sternotomy with extended transseptal approach. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 11(3), 206-211 (1999).
10. Loulmet DF, Carpentier A: Less invasive techniques for mitral valve surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 115(4), 772-779 (1998). (Pubitemid 28196584)
11. Svensson LG, DAgostino RS: J incision minimal-access valve operations. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 66(3), 1110-1112 (1998).
12. Machler HE, Bergmann P: Minimally invasive versus conventional aortic valve operations: a prospective study in 120 patients. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 67(4), 1001-1005 (1999). (Pubitemid 29238287)
13. Mihaljevic T, Cohn LH, Unic D, Aranki SF, Couper GS, Byrne JG: One thousand minimally invasive valve operations: early and late results. Ann. Surg. 240(3), 529-534 (2004). (Pubitemid 39121347)
14. Grossi EA, Galloway AC: Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: a 6-year experience with 714 patients. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 74(3), 660-664 (2002). (Pubitemid 35001787)
15. Walther TS: Midterm results after stentless mitral valve replacement. Circulation 108(Suppl. 1), II85-II89 (2003).
16. Wang D, Wang Q: Mitral valve replacement through a minimal right vertical infra-axillary thoracotomy versus standard median sternotomy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 87(3), 704-708 (2009).
17. Cohn LH, Adams DH, Couper GS, et al. Minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery improves patient satisfaction while reducing costs of cardiac valve replacement and repair. Ann. Surg. 226(4), 421-428 (1997). (Pubitemid 28049664)
18. Farhat F, Lu Z, Lefevre M, et al. Prospective comparison between total sternotomy and ministernotomy for aortic valve replacement. J. Card. Surg. 18(5), 396-402 (2003).
19. Corbi P, Rahmati M, Donal E, et al. Prospective comparison of minimally invasive and standard techniques for aortic valve replacement: initial experience in the first hundred patients. J. Card. Surg. 18(2), 133-139 (2003). (Pubitemid 36470287)
20. Stevens JH, Burdon TA, Peters WS, et al. Port-access coronary artery bypass grafting: a proposed surgical method. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 111(3), 567-573 (1996). (Pubitemid 26087720)
21. Schwartz DS, Ribakove GH, Grossi EA, et al. Minimally invasive mitral valve replacement: port-access technique, feasibility, and myocardial functional preservation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 113(6), 1022-1030 (1997).
22. Mohr FW, Falk V, Diegeler A, Walther T, van Son JA, Autschbach R: Minimally invasive port-access mitral valve surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 115(3), 567-576 (1998). (Pubitemid 28158073)
23. Chitwood Jr WR, Elbeery JR, Chapman WH, et al. Video-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: the micro-mitral operation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 113(2), 413-414 (1997). (Pubitemid 27083917)
24. Carpentier A, Loulmet D, Carpentier A, et al. [Open heart operation under videosurgery and minithoracotomy. First case (mitral valvuloplasty) operated with success]. CR Acad. Sci. 319(3), 219-223 (1996). (Pubitemid 26116849)
25. Reichenspurner H, Boehm DH, Gulbins H, et al. Three-dimensional video and robot-assisted port-access mitral valve operation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 69(4), 1176-1181 (2000).
26. Falk V, Walther T, Autschbach R, Diegeler A, Battellini R, Mohr FW: Robot-assisted minimally invasive solo mitral valve operation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 115(2), 470-471 (1998). (Pubitemid 28093766)
27. Carpentier A, Loulmet D, Aupècle B, et al. Computer assisted open heart surgery. First case operated on with success. CR Acad. Sci. III 321, 437-42 (1998). (Pubitemid 28271579)
28. Robicsek F: Robotic cardiac surgery: time told! J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 135(2), 243-246 (2008). (Pubitemid 351173113)
29. Argenziano M, Katz M, Bonatti J, et al. Results of the prospective multicenter trial of robotically assisted totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 81(5), 1666-1675 (2006). (Pubitemid 350029998)
30. Chitwood WR Jr: Current status of endoscopic and robotic mitral valve surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 79(6), S2248-S2253 (2005). (Pubitemid 40804242)
31. Morgan JA, Thornton BA, Peacock JC, et al. Does robotic technology make minimally invasive cardiac surgery too expensive? A hospital cost analysis of robotic and conventional techniques. J. Card. Surg. 20(3), 246-251 (2005). (Pubitemid 40675670)
32. Srivastava S, Gadasalli S, Agusala M, et al. Use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries in CABG through lateral thoracotomy with robotic assistance in 150 patients. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 81, 800-806 (2006). (Pubitemid 43247642)
33. Chitwood WR Jr, Elbeery JR, Moran JF: Minimally invasive mitral valve repair: using a minithoracotomy and transthoracic aortic occlusion. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 63, 1477-1479 (1997). (Pubitemid 27239754)
34. Grossi EA, LaPietra A, Ribakove GH, et al. Minimally invasive versus sternotomy approaches for mitral reconstruction: comparison of intermediate-term results. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 121(4), 708-713 (2001).
35. Gaudiani VA, Grunkemeier GL, Castro LJ, Fisher AL, Wu Y: Mitral valve operations through standard and smaller incisions. Heart Surg. Forum 7(4), E337-E342 (2004).
36. Gammie JS, Bartlett ST, Griffith BP: Small-incision mitral valve repair: safe, durable, and approaching perfection. Ann. Surg. 250(3), 409-415 (2009).
37. de Vaumas C, Philip I, Daccache G, et al. Comparison of minithoracotomy and conventional sternotomy approaches for valve surgery. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 17(3), 325-328 (2003). (Pubitemid 36775848)
38. Modi P, Hassan A, Chitwood WR: Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 34, 943-952 (2008).
39. Svensson LG, Atik FA, Cosgrove DM, et al. Minimally invasive versus conventional mitral valve surgery: a propensity-matched comparison. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 139(4), 926-932 (2010).
40. Vanermen H, Farhat F, Wellens F, et al. Minimally invasive video-assisted mitral valve surgery: from port-access towards a totally endoscopic procedure. J. Card. Surg. 15, 51-60 (2000). (Pubitemid 32436506)
41. Walther T, Falk V, Metz S, et al. Pain and quality of life after minimally invasive versus conventional cardiac surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 67, 1643-1647 (1999). (Pubitemid 29301304)
42. Casselman FP, Van Slycke S, Wellens F et al. Mitral valve surgery can now routinely be performed endoscopically. Circulation 108(Suppl. 1), II48-II54 (2003). (Pubitemid 37099930)
43. Vleissis AA, Bolling SF: Mini-reoperative mitral valve surgery. J. Cardiac Surg. 13(6), 468-470 (1998). (Pubitemid 29497961)
44. Yamada T, Ochiai R, Takeda J, Shin H, Yozu R: Comparison of early postoperative quality of life in minimally invasive versus conventional valve surgery. J. Anesth. 17(3), 171-176 (2003). (Pubitemid 37258725)
45. Galloway AC, Schwartz CF, Ribakove GH, et al. A decade of minimally invasive mitral repair: long-term outcomes. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 88, 1180-1184 (2009).
46. Iribarne A, Russo MJ, Moskowitz AJ, Ascheim DD, Brown LD, Gelijns AC: Assessing technological change in cardiothoracic surgery. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 21(1), 28-34 (2009).
47. Blackstone EH: Comparing apples and oranges. JTCVS 123(1), 8-15 (2002).
48. Pisano GP, Bohmer RM: Organizational differences in rates of learning: evidence from the adoption of minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Manag. Sci. 47(6), 752-768 (2001). (Pubitemid 34192796)
49. Wong MC, Clark DJ, Horrigan MC, Grube E, Matalanis G, Farouque HM: Advances in percutaneous treatment for adult valvular heart disease. Intern. Med. J. 39(7), 465-474 (2009).
50. Lapierre H, Chan V, Ruel M: Off-pump coronary surgery through mini-incisions: is it reasonable? Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 21(6), 578-583 (2006). (Pubitemid 44624543)
51. SOS Investigators: Coronary artery bypass surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (the Stent or Surgery trial), a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 360, 965-970 (2002).
52. Stover EP, Siegel LC, Parks R, et al. Variability in transfusion practice for coronary artery bypass surgery persists despite national consensus guidelines: a 24-institution study. Institutions of the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Anesthesiology 88, 327-333 (1998). (Pubitemid 28081191)
53. Stamou SC, Hill PC, Dangas G, et al. Stroke after coronary artery bypass: incidence, predictors, and clinical outcome. Stroke 32, 1508-1513 (2001).
54. Mathew JP, Parks R, Savino JS, et al. Atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: predictors, outcomes, and resource utilization. MultiCenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. JAMA 276, 300-306 (1996). (Pubitemid 26249534)
55. Atluri P, Kozin ED, Hiesinger W, Woo YJ: Off-pump, minimally invasive and robotic coronary revascularization yield improved outcomes over traditional on-pump CABG. Int. J. Med. Robot. 5(1), 1-12 (2009).
56. Sellke FW, Chu LM, Cohn WE: Current state of surgical myocardial revascularization. Circ. J. 74(6), 1031-1037 (2010).
57. Puskas J, Cheng D, Knight J, et al. Off-pump versus conventional coronary artery bypass grafting: a meta-analysis and consensus statement from the 2004 ISMICS consensus conference. Innovations 1(1), 3-27 (2005).
58. Sellke FW, DiMaio JM, Caplan LR, et al. Comparing on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: numerous studies but few conclusions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association council non cardiovascular surgery and anesthesia in collaboration with the interdisciplinary working group on quality of care and outcomes research. Circulation 111, 2858-2864 (2005). (Pubitemid 40791559)
59. Holzhey DM, Jacobs S, Mochalski M, et al. Seven-year follow-up after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass: experience with more than 1300 patients. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 83(1), 108-114 (2007). (Pubitemid 44917899)
60. Shapira OM, Natarajan V, Kaushik S, et al. Off-pump versus on- pump reoperative CABG via a left thoracotomy for circumflex coronary artery revascularization. J. Cardiac Surg. 19(2), 113-118 (2004). (Pubitemid 38392377)
61. Morishita A, Shimakura T, Miyagishima M, et al. Minimally invasive direct redo coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 8(4), 209-212 (2002).
62. Pascucci S, Gunkel L, Zietak T, et al. Use of MIDCAB procedure for redo coronary artery bypass. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 43(2), 143-146 (2002). (Pubitemid 34461067)
63. Cohn WE: Advances in surgical treatment of acute and chronic coronary artery disease. Tex. Heart Inst. J. 37(3), 328-330 (2010).
64. Srivastava SP, Patel KN, Skantharaja R, et al. Off-pump complete revascularization through a left lateral thoracotomy (ThoraCAB), the first 200 cases. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2003; 76(1), 46-49 (2003). (Pubitemid 36819714)
65. Greenspun HG, Adourian UA, Fonger JD, Fan JS: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB), surgical techniques and anesthetic considerations. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 10, 507-509 (1996). (Pubitemid 26177761)
66. Detter C, Reichenspurner H, Boehm DH, et al. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), two techniques for beating heart surgery. Heart Surg. Forum 5, 157-162 (2002). (Pubitemid 34785186)
67. Subramanian VA, Patel NU: Current status of MIDCAB procedure. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 16, 268-270 (2001). (Pubitemid 32953601)
68. Kiaii B, McClure RS, Stewart P, et al. Simultaneous integrated coronary artery revascularization with long-term angiographic follow-up. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 136, 702-708 (2008).
69. Bonatti J, Schachner T, Bonaros N, et al. Robotic totally endoscopic double-vessel bypass grafting: a further step toward closed-chest surgical treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease. Heart Surg. Forum 10, E239-E242 (2007).
70. de Canniere D, Wimmer-Greinecker G, Cichon R, et al. Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting: Multicenter European experience. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 134, 710-716 (2007). (Pubitemid 47301973)
71. Novick RJ, Fox SA, Kiaii BB, et al. Analysis of the learning curve in telerobotic, beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting: a 90 patient experience. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 76(3), 749-753 (2003). (Pubitemid 37100736)
72. Bonatti J, Schachner T, Bonaros N, et al. How to improve performance of robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting. Am. J. Surg. 195(5), 711-716 (2008). (Pubitemid 351522843)
73. Bonatti J, Schachner T, Bernecker O, et al. Robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass: program development and learning curve issues. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 127(2), 504-510 (2004). (Pubitemid 38176656)
74. Cosgrove DM 3rd, Sabik JF: Minimally invasive approach for aortic valve operations. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 62(2), 596-597 (1996). (Pubitemid 26259724)
75. Estrera AL, Reardon MJ: Current approaches to minimally invasive aortic valve surgery. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 15(2), 91-95 (2000). (Pubitemid 30142737)
76. Svensson LG, Dagostino RS: Minimal-access aortic and valvular operations, including the J/j incision. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 66(2), 431-435 (1998). (Pubitemid 28410671)
77. Korach A, Shemin RJ, Hunter CT, Bao Y, Shapira OM: Minimally invasive versus conventional aortic valve replacement: a 10-year experience. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino) 51(3), 417-421 (2010).
78. Plass A, Scheffel H, Alkadhi H, et al. Aortic valve replacement through a minimally invasive approach: preoperative planning, surgical technique, and outcome. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 88(6), 1851-1856 (2009).
79. Cohn LH, Adams DH, Couper GS, Bichell DP: Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 9(4), 331-336 (1997).
80. Riess FC, Lower C, Bleese N: Prevention of potential complications after minimal access aortic valve replacement. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 66(5), 1866 (1998). (Pubitemid 29030224)
81. Aris A, Cámara ML, Montiel J, Delgado LJ, Galán J, Litvan H: Ministernotomy versus median sternotomy for aortic valve replacement: a prospective, randomized study. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 67(6), 1583-1588 (1999). (Pubitemid 29301295)
82. Brinkman WT, Hoffman W, Dewey TM, et al. Aortic valve replacement surgery: comparison of outcomes in matched sternotomy and PORT ACCESS groups. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 90(1), 131-135 (2010).
83. Liu J, Sidiropoulos A, Konertz W: Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (AVR) compared to standard AVR. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 16(Suppl. 2), S80-S83 (1999). (Pubitemid 29528049)
84. Stamou SC, Kapetanakis EI, Lowery R, et al. Allogeneic blood transfusion requirements after minimally invasive versus conventional aortic valve replacement: a risk-adjusted analysis. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 76(4), 1101-1106 (2003). (Pubitemid 37204715)
85. Dake MD, Miller DC, Semba CP, Mitchell RS, Walker PJ, Liddell RP: Transluminal placement of endovascular stent-grafts for the treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. N. Engl. J. Med. 331(26), 1729-1734 (1994).
86. Cheng D, Martin J, Shennib H, et al. Endovascular aortic repair versus open surgical repair for descending thoracic aortic disease a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55(10), 986-1001 (2010).
87. Ihnken K, Sze D, Dake MD, Fleischmann D, Van der Starre P, Robbins R: Successful treatment of a Stanford type A dissection by percutaneous placement of a covered stent graft in the ascending aorta. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 127(6), 1808-1810 (2004). (Pubitemid 38725464)
88. Senay S, Alhan C, Toraman F, Karabulut H, Dagdelen S, Cagil H: Endovascular stent-graft treatment of type A dissection: case report and review of literature. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 34(4), 457-460 (2007). (Pubitemid 47400242)
89. Zhang H, Li M, Jin W, Wang Z: Endoluminal and surgical treatment for the management of Stanford Type A aortic dissection. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 26(4), 857-859 (2004). (Pubitemid 39273602)
90. Zimpfer D, Czerny M, Kettenbach J, et al. Treatment of acute type a dissection by percutaneous endovascular stent-graft placement. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 82(2), 747-749 (2006). (Pubitemid 44080008)
91. Chuter TA, Buck DG, Schneider DB, Reilly LM, Messina LM: Development of a branched stent-graft for endovascular repair of aortic arch aneurysms. J. Endovasc. Ther. 10(5), 940-945 (2003). (Pubitemid 38018323)
92. Chuter TA, Schneider DB, Reilly LM, Lobo EP, Messina LM: Modular branched stent graft for endovascular repair of aortic arch aneurysm and dissection. J. Vasc. Surg. 38(4), 859-863 (2003). (Pubitemid 37254824)
93. Waldenberger P, Fraedrich G, Mallouhi A, et al. Emergency endovascular treatment of traumatic aortic arch rupture with multiple arch vessel involvement. J. Endovasc. Ther. 10(4), 728-732 (2003). (Pubitemid 37339769)
94. Wolf PA, Mitchel JB, Baker CS, Kannel WB, DAgostino RB: Impact of atrial fibrillation on mortality, stroke, and medical costs. Arch. Intern. Med. 158, 229-234 (1998). (Pubitemid 28123885)
95. Hansen ML, Sorensen R, Clausen MT, et al. Risk of bleeding with single, dual, or triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch. Intern. Med. 170, 1433-1441 (2010).
96. Shinbane JS, Wood MA, Jensen DN, Ellenbogen KA, Fitzpatrick AP, Scheinman MM: Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: a review of animal models and clinical studies. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 29, 709-715 (1997). (Pubitemid 27128241)
97. Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, et al. A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 290, 1049-1056 (2003). (Pubitemid 37430445)
98. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB: Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 22, 983-988 (1991).
99. Reston JT, Shuhaiber JH: Meta-analysis of clinical outcomes of maze-related surgical procedures for medically refractory atrial fibrillation. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 28, 724-730 (2005). (Pubitemid 41539327)
100. Gaynor SL, Diodato MD, Prasad SM, et al. A prospective, single-center clinical trial of a modified Cox maze procedure with bipolar radiofrequency ablation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 128, 535-542 (2004). (Pubitemid 39278387)
101. Cox JL, Schuessler RB, DAgostino HJ Jr, et al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation III: development of a definitive surgical procedure. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 101, 569-583(1991).
102. Suri RM, Schaff HV, Meyer SR, Hargrove WC: Thoracoscopic versus open mitral valve repair: a propensity score analysis of early outcomes. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 88, 1185-1190 (2009).
103. Sagbas E: Akpinar B, Sanisoglu I, et al. Video-assisted bilateral epicardial pulmonary vein isolation for the treatment of lone atrial fibrillation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 83, 1724-1730 (2007). (Pubitemid 46616770)
104. Edgerton JR, McClelland JH, Duke D, et al. Minimally invasive surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: six-month results. JTCVS 138, 109-114 (2009).
105. Wudel J, Chaudhuri P, Hiller J: Video-assisted epicardial ablation and left atrial appendage exclusion for atrial fibrillatin: extended follow-up. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 85, 34-38 (2008). (Pubitemid 350284580)
106. Sirak J, Jones D, Sun B, Sai-Sudhakar C, Crestanello J, Firstenberg M: Toward a definitive, totally thoracoscopic procedure for atrial fibrillation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 86, 1960-1964 (2008).
107. Yilmaz A, Geuzebroek G, Van Putte B, et al. Completely thoracoscopic pulmonary vein isolation with ganglionic plexus ablation and left atrial appendage amputation for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 38, 356-360, (2010).
108. Lee A, Clark K, Bailey M, Aziz A, Schuessler R, Damiano RA: minimally invasive cox-maze procedure: operative technique and results. Innovations 5, 281-286 (2010).
109. Vanelli P, Lemma M, Antona C: Right mini-thoracotomy for left maze with transesophageal echo guidance. Int. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 10, 843-846 (2010).
110. Beyer E, Lee R, Lam B: Point: minimally invasive bipolar radiofrequency ablation of lone atrial fibrillation: early multicenter results. JTCVS 137, 521-526 (2009).
111. Comas GM, Imren Y, Williams MR: An overview of energy sources in clinical use for the ablation of atrial fibrillation. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 19, 16-24 (2007). (Pubitemid 46488836)
112. Pruitt JC, Lazzara RR, Ebra G: Minimally invasive surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: the thoracoscopic box lesion approach. J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol. 20, 83-87 (2007).
113. Gaynor SL, Byrd GD, Diodato MD, et al. Microwave ablation for atrial fibrillation: Dose-response curves in the cardioplegia-arrested and beating heart. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 81, 72 (2006).
114. Gaynor SL, Byrd GD, Diodato MD, et al. Dose response curves for microwave ablation in the cardioplegia-arrested porcine heart. Heart Surgery Forum 23, 331-336 (2005).
115. Van Brakel TJ, Bolotin G: Salleng KJ, et al. Evaluation of epicardial microwave ablation lesions: histology versus electrophysiology. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 78, 1397-1402 (2004).
116. Lee R, Kruse J, McCarthy P: Surgery for atrial fibrillation. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 6, 505-513 (2009).
117. Byrne JG, Leacche M, Vaughan DE, Zhao DX: Hybrid cardiovascular procedures. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 1, 459-468 (2008).
118. Kim KB, Cho KR, Jeong DS: Midterm angiographic follow-up after off-pump coronary artery bypass: serial comparison using early, 1-year, and 5-year postoperative angiograms. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 135, 300-307 (2008).
119. Hayward PA, Buxton BF: Contemporary coronary graft patency: 5-year observational data from a randomized trial of conduits. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 84, 795-799 (2007). (Pubitemid 47285021)
120. Tatoulis J, Buxton BF, Fuller JA: Patencies of 2127 arterial tocoronary conduits over 15 years. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 77, 93-101 (2004). (Pubitemid 38129992)
121. DeRose JJ: Current state of integrated hybrid coronary revascularization. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 21(3), 229-236 (2009).
122. Murphy GJ, Bryan AJ, Angelini GD: Hybrid coronary revascularization in the era of drug-eluting stents. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 78(5), 1861-1867 (2004). (Pubitemid 39423583)
123. Edwards FH, Peterson ED, Coombs LP, et al. Prediction of operative mortality after valve replacement surgery. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 37, 885-892 (2001). (Pubitemid 32202459)
124. Zajarias A, Cribier AG: Outcomes and safety of percutaneous aortic valve replacement. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 53(20), 1829-1836 (2009).
125. Krishnaswamy A, Tuzcu EM, Kapadia SR: Update on transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 12(5), 393-403 (2010).
126. Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack M et al.; PARTNER Trial Investigators: Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. 363(17), 1597-1607 (2010).
127. Ye J, Cheung A, Lichtenstein SV, et al. Six month outcome of transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the initial seven patients. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 31, 16-21 (2007). (Pubitemid 44880770)
128. Lichtenstein SV, Cheung A, Ye J, et al. Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation in humans: initial clinical experience. Circulation 114, 591-596 (2006). (Pubitemid 44202060)
129. Walther T, Simon P, Dewey T, et al. Transapical minimally invasive aortic valve implantation. Multicenter experience. Circulation 116(Suppl. 1), I240-I245 (2007). (Pubitemid 47480797)
130. Chandrashekhar Y, Westaby S, Narula J: Mitral stenosis. Lancet 374, 1271-1283 (2009).
131. Goldberg SL, Feldman T: Percutaneous mitral valve interventions: overview of new approaches. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 12(5), 404-412 (2010).
132. Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair: results of the Everst II trial. Presented at: American College of Cardiology (ACC) Scientific Sessions. Atlanta, GA, USA, 14-16 March 2010.