메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2011, Pages

Medical Students' Exposure to and Attitudes About the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Systematic Review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG MARKETING; GOVERNMENT; HUMAN; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL STUDENT; PHYSICIAN; PRESCRIPTION; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUALITY CONTROL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; STUDENT ATTITUDE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; MARKETING;

EID: 79957997098     PISSN: 15491277     EISSN: 15491676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001037     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (103)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 31344475123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health industry practices that create conflicts of interest: a policy proposal for academic medical centers
    • Brennan T, Rothman D, Blank L, Blumenthal D, Chimonas SC, et al. (2006) Health industry practices that create conflicts of interest: a policy proposal for academic medical centers. JAMA 295: 429-433.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 429-433
    • Brennan, T.1    Rothman, D.2    Blank, L.3    Blumenthal, D.4    Chimonas, S.C.5
  • 2
    • 79958006243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical schools quizzed on ghostwriting
    • New York Times. Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010
    • Wilson D, (18 Nov 2009) Medical schools quizzed on ghostwriting. New York Times. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/08/health/policy/08grassley.html?scp=11&sq=&st=nyt. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2009)
    • Wilson, D.1
  • 4
    • 0034684955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: is a gift ever just a gift?
    • Wazana A, (2000) Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: is a gift ever just a gift? JAMA 283: 373-380.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 373-380
    • Wazana, A.1
  • 5
    • 0038439242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: a systematic review
    • Lexchin J, Bero L, Djulbegovic B, Clark O, (2003) Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: a systematic review. BMJ 326: 1167-1177.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 1167-1177
    • Lexchin, J.1    Bero, L.2    Djulbegovic, B.3    Clark, O.4
  • 7
    • 77953004524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Funding for medical education: maintaining a healthy separation from industry
    • Avorn J, Choudhry N, (2010) Funding for medical education: maintaining a healthy separation from industry. Circulation 121: 2228-2234.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 2228-2234
    • Avorn, J.1    Choudhry, N.2
  • 8
    • 79955451265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies and practices in off-label marketing of pharmaceuticals: a retrospective analysis of whistleblower complaints
    • doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000431
    • Kesselheim AS, Mello MM, Studdert DM, (2011) Strategies and practices in off-label marketing of pharmaceuticals: a retrospective analysis of whistleblower complaints. PLoS Med 8: e1000431 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000431.
    • (2011) PLoS Med , vol.8
    • Kesselheim, A.S.1    Mello, M.M.2    Studdert, D.M.3
  • 9
    • 58149397832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Neurontin legacy-marketing through misinformation and manipulation
    • Landefeld CS, Steinman MA, (2009) The Neurontin legacy-marketing through misinformation and manipulation. N Engl J Med 360: 103-106.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 103-106
    • Landefeld, C.S.1    Steinman, M.A.2
  • 10
    • 0028952727 scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of drug information from pharmaceutical sales representatives
    • Ziegler MG, Lew P, Singer BC, (1995) The accuracy of drug information from pharmaceutical sales representatives. JAMA 273: 1296-1298.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1296-1298
    • Ziegler, M.G.1    Lew, P.2    Singer, B.C.3
  • 11
    • 0020419587 scopus 로고
    • Rational prescribing and sources of information
    • Haayer F, (1982) Rational prescribing and sources of information. Social Sci Med 16: 2017-2023.
    • (1982) Social Sci Med , vol.16 , pp. 2017-2023
    • Haayer, F.1
  • 12
    • 0027972458 scopus 로고
    • Physicians' behavior and their interactions with drug companies: a controlled study of physicians who requested additions to a hospital drug formulary
    • Chren M-M, Landefeld CS, (1994) Physicians' behavior and their interactions with drug companies: a controlled study of physicians who requested additions to a hospital drug formulary. JAMA 271: 684-689.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 684-689
    • Chren, M.-M.1    Landefeld, C.S.2
  • 13
    • 23644456327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects and role of direct-to-physician marketing in the pharmaceutical industry: an integrative review
    • Manchanda P, Honka E, (2005) The effects and role of direct-to-physician marketing in the pharmaceutical industry: an integrative review. Yale J Health Policy Law & Ethics 5: 785-812.
    • (2005) Yale J Health Policy Law & Ethics , vol.5 , pp. 785-812
    • Manchanda, P.1    Honka, E.2
  • 14
    • 0020320465 scopus 로고
    • Scientific versus commercial sources of influence on the prescribing behavior of physicians
    • Avorn J, Chen M, Hartley R, (1982) Scientific versus commercial sources of influence on the prescribing behavior of physicians. Amer J Med 73: 4-8.
    • (1982) Amer J Med , vol.73 , pp. 4-8
    • Avorn, J.1    Chen, M.2    Hartley, R.3
  • 15
    • 0030116133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians, pharmaceutical sales representatives, and the cost of prescribing
    • Caudill TS, Johnson MS, Rich EC, McKinney WP, (1996) Physicians, pharmaceutical sales representatives, and the cost of prescribing. Arch Fam Med 5: 201-206.
    • (1996) Arch Fam Med , vol.5 , pp. 201-206
    • Caudill, T.S.1    Johnson, M.S.2    Rich, E.C.3    McKinney, W.P.4
  • 16
    • 34250880057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For Merck, Vioxx paper trail won't go away
    • New York Times. Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010
    • Berenson A, (21 Aug 2005) For Merck, Vioxx paper trail won't go away. New York Times. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/21/business/21vioxx.html. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2005)
    • Berenson, A.1
  • 18
    • 84925915277 scopus 로고
    • Socialization effects of professional school
    • Erlanger HS, Klegon DA, (1978) Socialization effects of professional school. Law & Soc Rev 13: 11-35.
    • (1978) Law & Soc Rev , vol.13 , pp. 11-35
    • Erlanger, H.S.1    Klegon, D.A.2
  • 19
    • 0023187356 scopus 로고
    • Changes in students' sociopolitical attitudes during medical school: socialization or maturation effect?
    • Maheux B, Beland F, (1987) Changes in students' sociopolitical attitudes during medical school: socialization or maturation effect? Social Sci Med 24: 619-624.
    • (1987) Social Sci Med , vol.24 , pp. 619-624
    • Maheux, B.1    Beland, F.2
  • 20
    • 58149143157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal comparison of pharmacy and medical students' attitudes toward the medically underserved
    • Crandall S, David S, Broeseker A, Hildebrandt C, (2008) A longitudinal comparison of pharmacy and medical students' attitudes toward the medically underserved. Am J Pharm Educ 72: article 148.
    • (2008) Am J Pharm Educ , vol.72 , pp. 148
    • Crandall, S.1    David, S.2    Broeseker, A.3    Hildebrandt, C.4
  • 22
    • 0035944521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of restricting contact between pharmaceutical company representatives and internal medicine residents on post-training attitudes and behavior
    • McCormick B, Tomlinson G, Brill-Edwards P, Detsky A, (2001) Effect of restricting contact between pharmaceutical company representatives and internal medicine residents on post-training attitudes and behavior. JAMA 286: 1994-1999.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 1994-1999
    • McCormick, B.1    Tomlinson, G.2    Brill-Edwards, P.3    Detsky, A.4
  • 23
    • 79957988786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMSA PharmFree Scorecard, Reston (Virginia), American Medical Student Association, Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010 (Updated 24 August 2010)
    • AMSA PharmFree Scorecard (2008-2009) (updated 24 August 2010) Reston (Virginia) American Medical Student Association Available: http://www.amsascorecard.org/. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2008)
  • 24
    • 79957991915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburg (Pennsylvania), University of Pittsburgh, Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010, Policy on Conflicts of Interest and Interactions between Representatives of Certain Industries and Faculty, Staff, and Students of the Schools of Health Sciences and Personnel Employed by UPMC at All Domestic Locations
    • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (12 November 2007) Policy on conflicts of interest and interactions between representatives of certain industries and faculty, staff, and students of the Schools of Health Sciences and personnel employed by UPMC at all domestic locations Pittsburg (Pennsylvania) University of Pittsburgh Available: http://www.coi.pitt.edu/industryrelationships/Policies/IndustryRelationshipsPolicy.pdf. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2007)
  • 25
    • 79958013509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (California), Stanford University School of Medicine, Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010(Updated 22 July 2010), Policy and Guidelines for Interactions between the Stanford University School of Medicine, the Stanford Hospital and Clinics, and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital with the Pharmaceutical, Biotech, Medical Device, and Hospital and Research Equipment and Supplies Industries
    • Stanford University School of Medicine (October 2006) (updated 22 July 2010) Policy and guidelines for interactions between the Stanford University School of Medicine, the Stanford Hospital and Clinics, and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital with the pharmaceutical, biotech, medical device, and hospital and research equipment and supplies industries Stanford (California) Stanford University School of Medicine Available: http://med.stanford.edu/coi/siip/policy.html#iv. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2006)
  • 26
    • 40449120013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has the hunt for conflicts of interest gone too far? Yes
    • Stossel T, (2008) Has the hunt for conflicts of interest gone too far? Yes. BMJ 336: 476.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 476
    • Stossel, T.1
  • 27
    • 78651377915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harvard Medical School in ethics quandary
    • New York Times. Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010
    • Wilson D, (2 March 2009) Harvard Medical School in ethics quandary. New York Times. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/03/business/03medschool.html. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2009)
    • Wilson, D.1
  • 28
    • 28344440947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes of academic and clinical researchers towards financial ties in research: a systematic review
    • Glaser B, Bero L, (2005) Attitudes of academic and clinical researchers towards financial ties in research: a systematic review. Science and Engineering Ethics 11: 553-573.
    • (2005) Science and Engineering Ethics , vol.11 , pp. 553-573
    • Glaser, B.1    Bero, L.2
  • 29
    • 77951657612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of disclosing financial ties in research and clinical care: a systematic review
    • Licurse A, Barber E, Joffe S, Gross C, (2010) The impact of disclosing financial ties in research and clinical care: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 170: 675-682.
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med , vol.170 , pp. 675-682
    • Licurse, A.1    Barber, E.2    Joffe, S.3    Gross, C.4
  • 30
    • 70449124601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of medical students to pharmaceutical marketing in primary care settings: frequent and influential
    • Sarikaya O, Civaner M, Vatansever K, (2009) Exposure of medical students to pharmaceutical marketing in primary care settings: frequent and influential. Adv in Health Sci Educ 14: 713-724.
    • (2009) Adv in Health Sci Educ , vol.14 , pp. 713-724
    • Sarikaya, O.1    Civaner, M.2    Vatansever, K.3
  • 31
    • 60149101568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-clinical medical students' exposure to and attitudes toward pharmaceutical industry marketing
    • Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010
    • Fein E, Vermillion M, Uijtdehaag S, (2007) Pre-clinical medical students' exposure to and attitudes toward pharmaceutical industry marketing. Med Educ Online 12 Available: http://www.med-ed-online.net/index.php/meo/article/viewArticle/4465. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2007) Med Educ Online , vol.12
    • Fein, E.1    Vermillion, M.2    Uijtdehaag, S.3
  • 32
    • 36749050918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure and attitudes to pharmaceutical promotion among pharmacy and medical students in Kuwait
    • Ball D, Al-Manea S, (2007) Exposure and attitudes to pharmaceutical promotion among pharmacy and medical students in Kuwait. Pharmacy Education 7: 303-313.
    • (2007) Pharmacy Education , vol.7 , pp. 303-313
    • Ball, D.1    Al-Manea, S.2
  • 33
    • 24944573139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing prescription writing skills of pre-clerkship medical students in a problem-based learning curriculum
    • Al Khaja K, Handu S, Mathur J, Sequeira R, (2005) Assessing prescription writing skills of pre-clerkship medical students in a problem-based learning curriculum. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 43: 429-435.
    • (2005) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.43 , pp. 429-435
    • Al Khaja, K.1    Handu, S.2    Mathur, J.3    Sequeira, R.4
  • 34
    • 0027462144 scopus 로고
    • Medical students' attitudes toward pharmaceutical marketing: possibilities for change
    • Vinson D, McCandless B, Hosokawa M, (1993) Medical students' attitudes toward pharmaceutical marketing: possibilities for change. Fam Med 25: 31-33.
    • (1993) Fam Med , vol.25 , pp. 31-33
    • Vinson, D.1    McCandless, B.2    Hosokawa, M.3
  • 35
    • 77955561197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norwegian medical students' attitudes towards the pharmaceutical industry
    • Lea D, Spigset O, Slordal L, (2010) Norwegian medical students' attitudes towards the pharmaceutical industry. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 66: 727-733.
    • (2010) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.66 , pp. 727-733
    • Lea, D.1    Spigset, O.2    Slordal, L.3
  • 36
    • 77953941328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do medical students copy the drug treatment choices of their teachers or do they think for themselves?
    • Tichelaar J, Richir M, Avis H, Scholten H, Antonini N, et al. (2010) Do medical students copy the drug treatment choices of their teachers or do they think for themselves? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 66: 407-412.
    • (2010) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.66 , pp. 407-412
    • Tichelaar, J.1    Richir, M.2    Avis, H.3    Scholten, H.4    Antonini, N.5
  • 37
    • 66149130668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exposure to small pharmaceutical promotional items on treatment preferences
    • Grande D, Frosch D, Perkins A, Kahn B, (2009) Effect of exposure to small pharmaceutical promotional items on treatment preferences. Arch Intern Med 169: 887-893.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , pp. 887-893
    • Grande, D.1    Frosch, D.2    Perkins, A.3    Kahn, B.4
  • 38
    • 79957973820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of a seminar series on third year students' attitudes toward the interactions of drug companies and physicians
    • Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010
    • Markham F, Diamond J, Fayock K, (2009) The effect of a seminar series on third year students' attitudes toward the interactions of drug companies and physicians. The Internet Journal of Family Practice 7 Available: http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijfp/vol7n1/series.xml. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2009) The Internet Journal of Family Practice , vol.7
    • Markham, F.1    Diamond, J.2    Fayock, K.3
  • 39
    • 73649091479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate social responsibility in countries with mature and emerging pharmaceutical sectors
    • Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010
    • Volodina A, Sax S, Anderson S, (2009) Corporate social responsibility in countries with mature and emerging pharmaceutical sectors. Pharmacy Practice 7 Available: http://www.pharmacypractice.org. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2009) Pharmacy Practice , vol.7
    • Volodina, A.1    Sax, S.2    Anderson, S.3
  • 40
    • 58549105710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived advantages and disadvantages of using drug samples in a university hospital center: a case study
    • Tardif L, Bailey B, Bussieres J, Lebel D, Soucy G, (2009) Perceived advantages and disadvantages of using drug samples in a university hospital center: a case study. Ann Pharmacother 43: 57-63.
    • (2009) Ann Pharmacother , vol.43 , pp. 57-63
    • Tardif, L.1    Bailey, B.2    Bussieres, J.3    Lebel, D.4    Soucy, G.5
  • 41
    • 40649087138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quality of pharmaceutical consultant visits in general practice
    • Straand J, Christensen J, (2008) The quality of pharmaceutical consultant visits in general practice. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 128: 555-557.
    • (2008) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen , vol.128 , pp. 555-557
    • Straand, J.1    Christensen, J.2
  • 42
    • 34447120725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison between senior medical students' and pharmacy pre-registrants' knowledge and perceptions of generic medicines
    • Hassali M, Kong D, Stewart K, (2007) A comparison between senior medical students' and pharmacy pre-registrants' knowledge and perceptions of generic medicines. Med Educ 41: 703-710.
    • (2007) Med Educ , vol.41 , pp. 703-710
    • Hassali, M.1    Kong, D.2    Stewart, K.3
  • 43
    • 24344463900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical students' exposure to and attitudes about drug company interactions
    • Sierles F, Brodkey A, Clearly L, McCurdy FA, Mintz M, et al. (2005) Medical students' exposure to and attitudes about drug company interactions. JAMA 294: 1034-1042.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 1034-1042
    • Sierles, F.1    Brodkey, A.2    Clearly, L.3    McCurdy, F.A.4    Mintz, M.5
  • 44
    • 15444376328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching appropriate interactions with pharmaceutical company representatives: the impact of an innovative workshop on student attitudes
    • Wofford J, Ohl C, (2005) Teaching appropriate interactions with pharmaceutical company representatives: the impact of an innovative workshop on student attitudes. BMC Med Educ 8: 5-12.
    • (2005) BMC Med Educ , vol.8 , pp. 5-12
    • Wofford, J.1    Ohl, C.2
  • 45
    • 17144365435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The teaching of drug development to medical students: collaboration between the pharmaceutical industry and medical school
    • Stanley A, Jackson D, Barnett D, (2005) The teaching of drug development to medical students: collaboration between the pharmaceutical industry and medical school. Br J Clin Pharmacol 69: 464-474.
    • (2005) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.69 , pp. 464-474
    • Stanley, A.1    Jackson, D.2    Barnett, D.3
  • 47
    • 0038010902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student understanding of the relationship between the health professions and the pharmaceutical industry
    • Monaghan M, Galt K, Turner P, Houghton BL, Rich EC, et al. (2003) Student understanding of the relationship between the health professions and the pharmaceutical industry. Teach Learn Med 15: 14-20.
    • (2003) Teach Learn Med , vol.15 , pp. 14-20
    • Monaghan, M.1    Galt, K.2    Turner, P.3    Houghton, B.L.4    Rich, E.C.5
  • 48
    • 0035698242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An innovative approach to educating medical students about pharmaceutical promotion
    • Wilkes M, Hoffman JR, (2001) An innovative approach to educating medical students about pharmaceutical promotion. Acad Med 75: 1271-1277.
    • (2001) Acad Med , vol.75 , pp. 1271-1277
    • Wilkes, M.1    Hoffman, J.R.2
  • 49
    • 0030668442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of educational gifts from pharmaceutical firms on medical students' recall of company names or products
    • Sandberg W, Carlos R, Sandberg E, Roizen M, (1997) The effect of educational gifts from pharmaceutical firms on medical students' recall of company names or products. Acad Med 72: 916-918.
    • (1997) Acad Med , vol.72 , pp. 916-918
    • Sandberg, W.1    Carlos, R.2    Sandberg, E.3    Roizen, M.4
  • 50
    • 0028991768 scopus 로고
    • Interactions with the pharmaceutical industry: experiences and attitudes of psychiatry residents, interns and clerks
    • Hodges B, (1995) Interactions with the pharmaceutical industry: experiences and attitudes of psychiatry residents, interns and clerks. Can Med Assoc J 153: 553-559.
    • (1995) Can Med Assoc J , vol.153 , pp. 553-559
    • Hodges, B.1
  • 51
    • 0022550895 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge of medical students, pediatric residents, and pediatricians about the cost of some medications
    • Weber M, Auger C, Cleroux R, (1986) Knowledge of medical students, pediatric residents, and pediatricians about the cost of some medications. Pediatr Pharmacol (New York) 5: 281-285.
    • (1986) Pediatr Pharmacol (New York) , vol.5 , pp. 281-285
    • Weber, M.1    Auger, C.2    Cleroux, R.3
  • 52
    • 0019314626 scopus 로고
    • Teaching drug promotion abuses to health professional students
    • Palmisano P, Edelstein J, (1980) Teaching drug promotion abuses to health professional students. J Med Educ 55: 453-454.
    • (1980) J Med Educ , vol.55 , pp. 453-454
    • Palmisano, P.1    Edelstein, J.2
  • 53
    • 56649103469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of legislative changes in drug promotion on medical students: questionnaire survey
    • Vuorenkoski L, Valta M, Helve O, (2008) Effect of legislative changes in drug promotion on medical students: questionnaire survey. Med Educ 42: 1172-1177.
    • (2008) Med Educ , vol.42 , pp. 1172-1177
    • Vuorenkoski, L.1    Valta, M.2    Helve, O.3
  • 54
    • 60149105823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflicts of interest between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. A quali-quantitative study to assess medical students' attitudes at the University of Bologna
    • Fabbri A, Ardigo M, Grandori L, Reali C, Bodini C, et al. (2008) Conflicts of interest between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. A quali-quantitative study to assess medical students' attitudes at the University of Bologna. Ricerca Sul Campo 24: 242-254.
    • (2008) Ricerca Sul Campo , vol.24 , pp. 242-254
    • Fabbri, A.1    Ardigo, M.2    Grandori, L.3    Reali, C.4    Bodini, C.5
  • 55
    • 34748876597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hidden curriculum: medical students' changing opinions toward the pharmaceutical industry
    • Fitz M, Homna D, Reddy S, Griffith C, Baker E, et al. (2007) The hidden curriculum: medical students' changing opinions toward the pharmaceutical industry. Acad Med 82: S1-S3.
    • (2007) Acad Med , vol.82
    • Fitz, M.1    Homna, D.2    Reddy, S.3    Griffith, C.4    Baker, E.5
  • 56
    • 33845968525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes of preclinical and clinical medical students toward interactions with the pharmaceutical industry
    • Hyman P, Hochman M, Shaw J, Steinman M, (2007) Attitudes of preclinical and clinical medical students toward interactions with the pharmaceutical industry. Acad Med 82: 94-99.
    • (2007) Acad Med , vol.82 , pp. 94-99
    • Hyman, P.1    Hochman, M.2    Shaw, J.3    Steinman, M.4
  • 57
    • 12344320643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A national survey on the effect of pharmaceutical promotion on medical students
    • Vainiomaki M, Helve O, Vuorenkoski L, (2004) A national survey on the effect of pharmaceutical promotion on medical students. Med Teach 26: 630-634.
    • (2004) Med Teach , vol.26 , pp. 630-634
    • Vainiomaki, M.1    Helve, O.2    Vuorenkoski, L.3
  • 58
    • 13644261461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical students' exposure to pharmaceutical industry marketing: a survey at one U.S. medical school
    • Bellin M, McCarthy S, Drevlow L, Pierach C, (2004) Medical students' exposure to pharmaceutical industry marketing: a survey at one U.S. medical school. Acad Med 79: 1041-1045.
    • (2004) Acad Med , vol.79 , pp. 1041-1045
    • Bellin, M.1    McCarthy, S.2    Drevlow, L.3    Pierach, C.4
  • 59
    • 13444263311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical marketing to medical students: the student perspective
    • Barfett J, Lanting B, Lee J, Lee M, Ng V, et al. (2004) Pharmaceutical marketing to medical students: the student perspective. McGill J Med 8: 21-27.
    • (2004) McGill J Med , vol.8 , pp. 21-27
    • Barfett, J.1    Lanting, B.2    Lee, J.3    Lee, M.4    Ng, V.5
  • 60
    • 0033955789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common issues in medical professionalism: room to grow
    • Barry D, Cyran E, Anderson R, (2000) Common issues in medical professionalism: room to grow. Amer J Med 108: 136-142.
    • (2000) Amer J Med , vol.108 , pp. 136-142
    • Barry, D.1    Cyran, E.2    Anderson, R.3
  • 61
    • 0028071667 scopus 로고
    • Medical students and drug promotion
    • Mantyranta T, Hemminki E, (1994) Medical students and drug promotion. Acad Med 69: 736.
    • (1994) Acad Med , vol.69 , pp. 736
    • Mantyranta, T.1    Hemminki, E.2
  • 62
    • 0015043132 scopus 로고
    • Student reactions to pharmaceutical promotion practices
    • Barnes C, Holcenberg J, (1971) Student reactions to pharmaceutical promotion practices. Northwest Med 70: 262-266.
    • (1971) Northwest Med , vol.70 , pp. 262-266
    • Barnes, C.1    Holcenberg, J.2
  • 63
    • 69149107727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration
    • Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, et al. (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 151: W65-W94.
    • (2009) Ann Intern Med , vol.151
    • Liberati, A.1    Altman, D.G.2    Tetzlaff, J.3    Mulrow, C.4    Gøtzsche, P.C.5
  • 64
    • 79951870825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do medical students think about pharmaceutical promotion?
    • Carmody D, Mansfield P, (2010) What do medical students think about pharmaceutical promotion? Australian Med Student J 1: 56-59.
    • (2010) Australian Med Student J , vol.1 , pp. 56-59
    • Carmody, D.1    Mansfield, P.2
  • 65
    • 78649267654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2009 medical school graduation questionnaire: all schools summary report
    • American Association of Medical Colleges, Available:. Accessed 1 November 2010
    • American Association of Medical Colleges (26 Oct 2009) 2009 medical school graduation questionnaire: all schools summary report. Available: http://www.aamc.org/data/gq/allschoolsreports/gqfinalreport_2009.pdf. Accessed 1 November 2010.
    • (2009)
  • 66
    • 0028139097 scopus 로고
    • The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education
    • Hafferty F, Franks R, (1994) The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education. Acad Med 69: 861-871.
    • (1994) Acad Med , vol.69 , pp. 861-871
    • Hafferty, F.1    Franks, R.2
  • 67
    • 0031954334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond curriculum reform: confronting medicine's hidden curriculum
    • Hafferty F, (1998) Beyond curriculum reform: confronting medicine's hidden curriculum. Acad Med 73: 403-407.
    • (1998) Acad Med , vol.73 , pp. 403-407
    • Hafferty, F.1
  • 68
    • 70349147872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school
    • Hojat M, Vergare M, Maxwell K, Brainard G, Herrine SK, et al. (2009) The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school. Acad Med 84: 1182-1191.
    • (2009) Acad Med , vol.84 , pp. 1182-1191
    • Hojat, M.1    Vergare, M.2    Maxwell, K.3    Brainard, G.4    Herrine, S.K.5
  • 69
    • 2442437980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude change during medical school: a cohort study
    • Woloschuk W, Harasym P, Temple W, (2004) Attitude change during medical school: a cohort study. Medical Education 38: 522-534.
    • (2004) Medical Education , vol.38 , pp. 522-534
    • Woloschuk, W.1    Harasym, P.2    Temple, W.3
  • 70
    • 0025373774 scopus 로고
    • The change in specialty preference by medical students over time: an analysis of students who prefer family medicine
    • Rabinowitz H, (1990) The change in specialty preference by medical students over time: an analysis of students who prefer family medicine. Fam Med 22: 62-63.
    • (1990) Fam Med , vol.22 , pp. 62-63
    • Rabinowitz, H.1
  • 71
    • 2942695870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling the risk of spurious findings from meta-regression
    • Higgins J, Thompson S, (2004) Controlling the risk of spurious findings from meta-regression. Stat Med 23: 1663-1682.
    • (2004) Stat Med , vol.23 , pp. 1663-1682
    • Higgins, J.1    Thompson, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.