Squalene as novel food factor

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Volumn 11, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 875-880

  Bhilwade, Hari Narayan ^a   Tatewaki, Naoto ^a   Nishida, Hiroshi ^a   Konishi, Tetsuya ^a  

^a NIIGATA UNIVERSITY OF PHARMACY AND APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES   (Japan)

Author keywords

Antioxidant potential; Cardioprotective function; Genotoxicity prevention; Squalene

Indexed keywords

DOXORUBICIN; LEPTIN; OLIVE OIL; SQUALENE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; CARDIOTONIC AGENT; FISH OIL;

ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; BREAST CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FOOD INDUSTRY; GENOTOXICITY; HEART INFARCTION; HEART PROTECTION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REVIEW; ANIMAL; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DNA DAMAGE; DRUG EFFECT; FOOD; METABOLISM; MOUSE; RAT; SHARK;

ANIMALIA; CHONDRICHTHYES; SQUALIDAE;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ANTIOXIDANTS; CARDIOTONIC AGENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DNA DAMAGE; FISH OILS; FOOD; HUMANS; MICE; NEOPLASMS; RATS; SHARKS; SQUALENE;

EID: 79957931468     PISSN: 13892010     EISSN: 18734316     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920110793262088     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. WHO (2004) Atlas of heart disease and stroke.
2. Dhandapani, N.; Ganesan, B.; Anandan, R.; Jeyakumar, R.; Rajaparabhu, D.; Anbin Ezhilan R. Synergistic effects of squalene and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2007, 6(8), 1021-1027.
3. Suzuki, J.-i.; Isobe, M.; Morishita, R.; Nagai, R. Tea polyphenols regulate key mediators on inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Med. Inflamm. Vol. 2009, Article ID 494928.
4. Hasna, El. Gharras. Polyphenols: food sources, properties and applications-a review. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2009, 44(12), 2512-2518.
5. Craig, J. Winston. Phytochemicals: Guardians of our health. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 1997, 97(10), Supplement 1, S199-S204.
6. Visioli, F.; Luisa B.; Claudio G. Diet and prevention of coronary heart disease: the potential role of phytochemicals. Cardiovas. Res. 2000, 7, 419-425.
7. Gopalakrishnan, A.; Tony K.; Ah-Ng. Anticarcinogenesis by dietary phytochemicals: Cytoprotection by Nrf2 in normal cells and cytotoxicity by modulation of transcription factors NF-δB and AP-1 in abnormal cancer cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46(4), 1257-1270.
8. Ivashkevich, S.P.; Apukhovskaia, L.I.; Vendt, V.P. Effect of sterols having different chemical structure and squalene on osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. Biokhimi, 1981, 46, 1420-1425.
9. Reddy, L.H.; Couvreur, P.S.: A natural triterpene for use in disease management and therapy. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2009, 61(15), 1412-1426.
10. Rao, C.V.; Newmark, H.L.; Reddy, B.S. Chemopreventive effect of squalene on colon cancer. Carcinogenesis, 1998, 19(2), 287-290.
11. Sawada, M.; Matsuo, M.; Hugihara, H.; Tende, N.; Nagayoshi, A. Effect of FR194738, a potent inhibitor of squalene epoxidase on cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2001, 431, 11-16.
12. Tjan, L.T.S.S. The miraculous essential omega 2 oil. Secret from the sea, Dr. William Lane interview by Dr. Passwater, Dr. William Lane and Dr. Bikul Das. Sci. Life, mezenhof 10,6601 AN Wijchen.
13. Tsujimoto, M. A highly unsaturated hydrocarbon in shark liver oil. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1916, 8, 889.
14. McCance and Widdowson's. The composition of food (revised by Paul and Southgate). Elsevier: Oxford, 1976.
15. Kamimura, H.; Koga, N.; Ogari, K.; Yoshimura, H. Enhanced elimination of theophylline, Phenobarbital and strychnine from the bodies of rats and mice by squalene treatment. J. Pharmacobio. Dyn., 1992, 15, 215-221.
16. O' Sullivan, L.; Woods, J.A.; O'Berin, N.M. Squalene but not n-3 fatty acids protect against hydrogen peroxide-induced sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Nutr. Res., 2002, 22, 847-857.
17. Saint-Legar, D.; Bague, A.; Cohen, E.; Chivot, M. Possible role for squalene in the pathogenesis of acne. I. In vitro study of squalene oxidation. Br. J. Dermatol. 1986, 114, 535-542.
18. Kohno, Y.; Egawa, Y.; Itoh, S. Kinetic study of quenching reaction of singlet oxygene and scavenging reaction of free radical by squalene in n-butanol. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1995, 1257, 52-56.
19. Gilbert, A.; Baggott, J. Essentials of molecular photochemistry. Blackwell, Oxford, 1991; pp. 512-516.
20. Okuda, M.; Takashi, Y.; Ogawaa, H. Detergent-induced epidermal barrier dysfunction and its prevention. J. Dermatol. Sci., 2002, 30(3), 173-179.
21. Huang, Z.-R.; Lin, Y.-K.; Fang, J.-Y. Biological and pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: Potential uses in cosmetic dermatology. Molecules. 2009, 14, 540-554.
22. Kelly, G.S. Squalene and its potential clinical uses. Alten. Med. Rev., 1999, 4(1), 29-36.
23. Cho, S.; Choi, C.W.; Lee, D.H.; Kim, S.M.; Lee, S.; Lee, M.J.; Chung J.H. High-dose squalene ingestion increases type-I procollagen and decreases ultraviolet-induced DNA damage in human skin in vivo but is associated with transient adverse effects. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2009, 34(4), 500-508.
24. Murry, C.E.; Jennings, R.B.; Reimer K.A. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium, Circulation. 1986, 74(5), 1124-1136.
25. Toufektsian, M.C.; Tanguy, S.; Jeunet, A.; de Leiris, J.G.; Boucher, F.S. Role of reactive oxygene species in cardiac preconditioning: study with photoactivated rose bengal in isolated rat hearts. Free Radic. Res., 2000, 33(4), 393-405.
26. Senthilkumar, S.; Devaki, T.; Manohar, B.M.; Babu, M.S. Effect of squalene on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2006, 364(1-2), 335-342.
27. Farvin, K.H.S.; Surendraraj, A.; Anandan, R. Protective effect of squalene on certain lysosomal hydrolases and free amino acids in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Int. J. Pharmacol. 2010, 6(2), 97-103.
28. Farvin, K.H.S.; Surendraraj, A.; Anandan, R. Protective effect of squalene on endogenous antioxidant vitamins in experimentally induced myocardial infraction in rats. Asian J. Biochem. 2009, 4(4), 133-139.
29. Farvin, K.H. S.; Kumar, S.H.S.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.; Sankar, T.V.; Nair, P.G.V. Supplimentation of squalene attenuates experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats. Food Chem. 2007, 105, 1390-1395.
30. Farvin, K.H.S.; Anandan, R.; Senthil K.S.H.; Shiny, K.S.; Mathew, S.; Sankar, T.V.; Nair, P.G.V. Cardioprotective effect of squalene on lipid profile in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. J. Med. Food. 2006, 9(4), 531-536.
31. Farvin, K.H.S.; Anandan, R.; Senthil K.S.H.; Shiny, K.S.; Sankar, T.V.; Thankappan, T.K. Effect of squalene on tissue defense system in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Pharmacol. Res., 2004, 50(3), 231-236.
32. Liu, G.C.K., Ahrens, E.H. Jr.; Schreibman, P.H.; Crouse, J.R. Measurement of squalene in human tissues and plasma validation and application. J. Lipid Res., 1976, 17, 38-45.
33. Hau, M.T.; Dante, S.; Dencher, N.A.; Haines, T.H. Squalene is in the midplane of the lipid bilayer implications for its function as a proton permeability barrier. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2002, 1556, 149-154.
34. Liu, Y.; Xianhuan, X.; Dingren, B.; Wang, X.; Zhang, X.; Hanchuan D.; Shunyou, C.; Zhang, W. Influence of squalene feeding on plasma leptin, testosterone & blood pressure in rats. Ind. J. Med. Res., 2009, 129, 150-153.
35. Lam, N.T.; Covery, S.D.; Lewis J.T. Leptin resistance following over-expression of protein tyrosine phosphates 1B in liver. J. Mol. Endocrinol., 2006, 36, 163-174.
36. Feng, G.S. Shp2 as a therapeutic target for leptin resistance and obesity. Exp. Opin. Ther. Targets, 2006, 10, 135-142.
37. Radhakrishnan, A.; Rajaratnam, M.D.; Gylling, Helena.; Miettinen, Tatu A. Independent association of serum squalene and noncholesterol sterols with coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2000, 35(5), 1185-1191.
38. Visioli, F.; Galli, C. Natural antioxidants and prevention of coronary heart disease: the potential role of olive oil and its minor constituents. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 1995, 5, 306-314.
39. Squalene and heart disease. http://www.isshogenki.com/ readings/ heartdisease.php
40. Cohen, L.A.; Thompson, D.G.; Choi, K.; Karmali, R.A. and Rose D.P. Dietary fat and mammary cancer. II. Modulation of serum and tumor lipid composition and tumor prostaglandins by different dietary fats: association with tumor incidence patterns. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1986, 77, 43-51.
41. Reddy, B.S. Chemoprevention of colon cancer by dietary fatty acids. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1994, 13, 285-302.
42. Trichopoulou, A.; Katsouyanni, K.; Stuver, S.; Tzala, L.; Gnardellis, C.; Rimm, E. Consumption of olive oil and specific food groups in relation to breast cancer risk in Greece. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1995, 87, 110-116.
43. Bosetti, C.; Vecchia, C.L.; Talamini, R.; Negri, E.; Levi, F.; Maso. L.D.; Franceschi, S. Food group and laryngeal cancer risk: a casecontrol study from Italy and Switzerland. Int. J. Cancer, 2002, (3), 355-360.
44. Desai, K.N.; Wei, H.; Lamartiniere, C.A. The preventive and therapeutic potential of the squalene-containing compound, roidex on tumor promotion and regression. Cancer Res., 1996, 101(1), 93-96.
45. Smith, T.J.; Yang, G.-Y.; Seril, D.N.; Liao, J.; Kim, S. Inhibition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis by dietary oilive oil and squalene, Carcinogenesis. 1998, 19(4), 703-706.
46. Newmark, H.L. Squalene, olive oil, and cancer risk. Review and hypothesis, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1999, 889, 193-203.
47. Xu, R.B.; Liu, W.W.; Wang, M.Y. Progress of preparation and application in squalene. Shand. J. Med., 2005, 45, 69-70.
48. Yamaguchi, T.M.; Hidaka, N.K.; Yoshida, T.; Sasaki, T.; Akiyama, S.; Kuwan, M. Potentiation by squalene of antitumor effect of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso urea in a murine tumor system. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 1985, 76(10), 1021-1026.
49. Das B.; Antoon, R.; Tsuchida, R.; Lotfi, S.; Morozova, O.; Farhat, W.; Malkin, D.; Koren, G.; Yeger, H.; Baruchel, S. Squalene selectively protects mouse bone marrow progenitors against cisplatin and carboplatin-induced cytotoxicity in vivo without protecting tumor growth. Neoplasia. 2008, 10(10), 1105-1119.
50. De Flora, S.; Izzotti, A.; Randerath K.; et al. DNA adduct and chronic degenerative diseases. Pathogenetic relevance and implications in preventive medicine. Mutat. Res., 1996, 366, 197-238.
51. Ola, H.M.; Habit, E.L.; Sayed-Ahmed, M.M.; Gabry, M.S.; Khalil, M.F.K.; and Osman, A.M.M. Modulation of induced cardiotoxicity and genotoxicity of doxorubicin in rat by L. Carnitine. J. Egypt Nat. Cancer Invest., 2000, 12(4), 267-274.
52. Mukherjee, S.; Banerjee, S.K.; Maulik, M.; Dinda, A.K.; Maulik, K.S. Protection against acute adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity by garlic: role of endogenous antioxidants and inhibition of TNF-oo expression, BMC Pharmacol., 2003, 3(16), 1-9.
53. Lyu, Y.L.; Kerrigan, J.E.; Lin, C.-P.; Azarova, A.M.; Tsai, Y.-C.; Ban, Y.; Liu, L.F. Topoisomerase IIβ-mediated DNA doublestrand breaks:Implications in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and prevention by dexrazoxane. Cancer Res., 2007, 67(18), 8839-8846.
54. Fan, S.R.; Ho, I.C.; Yeoh, F.L.; Lin, C.J.; Lee T.C. Squalene inhibits sodium arsenite-induced sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in Chinese hamster ovary-k1 cells. Mutat. Res. 1996, 368(3-4), 165-169.
55. Warleta, F.; Campos, M.; Allouche, Y., Sanchez-Quesada, C.; Ruiz-Mora, J.; Beltran, G.; Gaforiio, J.J. Squalene protects against oxidative DNA damage in MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells but not in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010, 48(4), 1092-1100.
56. Buddhan, S.; Sivakumar, R.; Dhandapani, N.; Ganesan, B.; Anandan R. Protective effect of dietary squalene supplementation on mitochondrial function in liver of aged rats. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2007, 76(6), 349-355.
57. Van, D.B.L.; Goldschmidt, B.M. Co-carcinogenic and tumorpromoting agents in tobacco carcinogenesis. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1976, 56, 1237-1242.
58. Strandberg, T.E.; Tilvis R.S.; Miettinen T.A. Variations of hepatic cholesterol precursors during altered flows of endogenous squalene in the rat. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1989, 1001, 150-156.
59. Murakoshi, M.; Hoyoku, N.; Harukuni, T.; Akio, I.; Junichi, O.; Hirokazu, K.; Ryozo, I. Inhibition by squalene of the tumorpromoting activity of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in mouse-skin carcinogenesis. Int. J. Cancer. 2006, 52(6), 950-952.
60. Fang, X.D.; Zhong, W.J.; Miao, H. A study on the anti-senescense effect of squalene compound in rats and Drosophila melanogasters. J. Navy Med., 2004, 25, 289-291.