Illiberal means to liberal ends? Understanding recent immigrant integration policies in Europe

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies

Volumn 37, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 861-880

  Triadafilopoulos, Triadafilos ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Carl schmitt; Immigrants; Integration policy; Liberalism; Multiculturalism

Indexed keywords

CIVILIZATION; IMMIGRANT POPULATION; IMMIGRATION POLICY; LIBERALISM; MINORITY GROUP; MULTICULTURALISM; POLITICAL POWER;

EUROPE;

EID: 79957457327     PISSN: 1369183X     EISSN: 14699451     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2011.576189     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Adamson, F.B. (2006) 'Crossing borders: international migration and national security', International Security, 31(1): 165-199.
2. Angenendt, S. (2003) 'Einwanderung und Rechtspopulismus: eine Analyse im europäischen Vergleich', Internationale Politik, 58(4): 3-12.
3. Barkan, E. (1992) The Retreat of Scientific Racism: Changing Concepts of Race in Britain and the United States between the World Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4. Bawer, B. (2002) 'Tolerating intolerance: the challenge of fundamentalist Islam in Western Europe', Partisan Review, 69(3): 338-356.
5. Bawer, B. (2007) While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within. New York: Broadway Books.
6. Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2004) Wir und die Anderen. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag.
7. Benhabib, S. (2004b) The Claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
8. Berezin, M. (2009) Illiberal Policies in Neoliberal Times: Culture, Security and Populism in the New Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9. Betz, H.-G. (2003) 'Rechtspopulismus in Westeuropa: Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Politische Bedeutungen', Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, 31(3): 251-264.
10. Blair, T. (2006) 'Our nation's future: multiculturalism and integration', available online at: http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page10549.asp
11. Bleich, E. (2003) Race Politics in Britain and France: Ideas and Policymaking Since the 1960s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
12. Brouwer, E. (2003) 'Immigration, asylum and terrorism: a changing dynamic. Legal and practical development in the EU in response to the terrorist attacks of 11/09', European Journal of Migration and Law, 4(4): 399-424.
13. Brubaker, R. (2002) Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
14. Burns, J. (2011) 'Cameron criticizes multiculturalism in Britain', New York Times, 5 February, online at http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/06/world/ europe/06britain.html?-r-1.
15. Cairns, A.C. (1999) 'Empire, globalization, and the fall and rise of diversity', in Cairns, A.C., Courtney, J.C., MacKinnon, P., Michelmann, H.J. and Smith, D.E. (eds) Citizenship, Diversity, and Pluralism: Canadian and Comparative Perspectives. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 23-57.
16. Carens, J.H. (2000) Culture, Citizenship, and Community: A Contextual Exploration of Justice as Evenhandedness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
17. Carr, M. (2008) 'You are now entering Eurabia', Race & Class, 48(1): 1-22.
18. Castles, S. (1985) 'The guests who stayed: the debate on foreigners policy in the German Federal Republic', International Migration Review, 19(3): 517-534.
19. Castles, S. (1986) 'The guest-worker in Western Europe: an obituary', International Migration Review, 20(4): 761-778.
20. Castles, S. (1995) 'How nation-states respond to immigration and ethnic diversity', New Community, 21(3): 293-308.
21. Ceyhan, A. and Tsoukala, A. (2002) 'The securitization of migration in Western societies: ambivalent discourses and policies', Alternatives, 27(1): 21-39.
22. Corbett, D. (2006) 'Testing the limits of tolerance', Deutsche Welle, online at: http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,1935900,00.html.
23. Crowder, G. (2007) 'Two concepts of liberal pluralism', Political Theory, 35(2): 121-146.
24. De Heer, J.-C. (2004) 'The concept of integration in converging Dutch minority and migration policies', IMIS-Beiträge, 24: 177-188.
25. DeLaet, D. (2000) US Immigration Policy in an Age of Rights. Westport: Praeger.
26. Doomernik, J.M.J. (2005) 'The state of multiculturalism in the Netherlands', Diversité Canadienne/Canadian Diversity, 4(1): 32-35.
27. Erdem, E. and Mattes, M. (2003) 'Gendered policies, gendered patterns: female labour migration from Turkey to Germany from the 1960s to the 1990s', in Ohliger, R., SchÖnwälder, K. and Triadafilopoulos, T. (eds) European Encounters: Migrants, Migration and European Societies Since 1945. Aldershot: Ashgate, 167-185.
28. Etzioni, A. (2007) 'Citizenship tests: a comparative, communitarian perspective', Political Quarterly, 78(3): 353-363.
29. Faist, T. (2005) 'The migration-security nexus: international migration and security', in Bodemann, Y.M. and Yurdakul, G. (eds) Migration, Citizenship and Ethnos: Incorporation Regimes in Germany, Western Europe and North America. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 103-120.
30. Faist, T. and Triadafilopoulos, T. (2006) Beyond Nationhood: Citizenship Politics in Germany since Unification. Toronto: Munk Centre for International Studies Working Paper No. 1.
31. Fekete, L. (2006) 'Enlightened fundamentalism? Immigration, feminism and the Right', Race and Class, 48(2): 1-22.
32. Fredrickson, G. (2003) Racism: A Short History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
33. Freeman, G. (1995) 'Modes of immigration politics in liberal democratic societies', International Migration Review, 29(4): 881-902.
34. Freeman, J. (2004) 'Secularism as a barrier to integration? The French dilemma', International Migration, 42(3): 5-27.
35. Galston, W. (1995) 'Two concepts of liberalism', Ethics, 105(3): 516-534.
36. Gerdes, J., Faist, T. and Rieple, B. (2007) 'We are all republican now: the politics of dual citizenship in Germany', in Faist, T. (ed.) The Politics of Dual Citizenship in Europe: From Nationhood to Societal Integration. Aldershot: Avebury, 45-76.
37. Göle, N. (2005) 'Europa-ein gemeinsamer Traum?', Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 26 November.
38. Hollifield, J.F. (1992) Immigrants, Markets, and States: The Political Economy of Postwar Europe. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
39. Hollifield, J.F. (2000) 'The politics of international migration: how can we bring the state back in?', in Brettell, C. and Hollifield, J.F. (eds) Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines. New York and London: Routledge, 137-186.
40. Howard, M.M. (2009) The Politics of Citizenship in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
41. Huntington, S. (1993) 'The clash of civilizations?', Foreign Affairs, 72(3): 22-49.
42. Huntington, S. (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.
43. Huysmans, J. (1995) 'Migrants as a security problem: dangers of securitizing societal issues', in Miles, R. and Thränhardt, D. (eds) Migration and European Integration. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 53-71.
44. Huysmans, J. (2000) 'The European Union and the securitization of migration', Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(5): 751-777.
45. Ingram, J. and Triadafilopoulos, T. (2010) 'Rights, norms, and politics: the case of German citizenship reform', Social Research, 77(1): 353-382.
46. Jacobs, D. and Rea, A. (2007) 'The end of national models? Integration courses and citizenship trajectories in Europe', International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 9(2): 264-283.
47. Jacobson, D. (1996) Rights Across Borders: Immigration and the Decline of Citizenship. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
48. Joppke, C. (1999) Immigration and the Nation-State: The United States, Germany, and Great Britain. New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Joppke, C. (2001) 'The legal-domestic sources of immigrant rights: the United States, Germany, and the European Union', Comparative Political Studies, 34(4): 339-366.
50. Joppke, C. (2004) 'The retreat of multiculturalism in the liberal state: theory and policy', British Journal of Sociology, 55(2): 237-257.
51. Joppke, C. (2007) 'Beyond national models: civic integration policies for immigrants in Western Europe', West European Politics, 30(1): 1-22.
52. Joppke, C. (2008) 'Comparative citizenship: a restrictive turn in Europe?', Law & Ethics of Human Rights, 2(1): 1-41.
53. Joppke, C. (2010) Citizenship and Immigration. Oxford: Polity.
54. Kindleberger, C.P. (1967) Europe's Postwar Growth: The Role of Labor Supply. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
55. Kitschelt, H. (in collaboration with McGann, A.J.) (1995) The Radical Right in Western Europe. A Comparative Analysis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
56. Kymlicka, W. (1995) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
57. Kymlicka, W. (1998) 'Introduction: an emerging consensus?', Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 1(2): 143-157.
58. Kymlicka, W. (2005) 'The uncertain futures of multiculturalism', Diversité Canadienne/Canadian Diversity, 4(1): 82-85.
59. Kymlicka, W. (2007) Multicultural Odysseys: Navigating the New International Politics of Diversity. New York: Oxford University Press.
60. Kymlicka, W. and Banting, K. (2006) 'Immigration, multiculturalism and the welfare state', Ethics & International Affairs, 20(3): 281-304.
61. Leiken, R. (2005) 'Europe's angry Muslims', Foreign Affairs, 84(4): 120-135.
62. Michalowski, I. (2007) Integration als Staatsprogramm. Deutschland, Frankreich und die Niederlande im Vergleich. Münster: Lit Verlag.
63. Minkenberg, M. (2001) 'The radical right in public office: agenda-setting and policy effects', West European Politics, 24(4): 1-22.
64. Minkenberg, M. (2002) 'The new radical right in the political process: interaction effects in France and Germany', in Schain, M., Zolberg, A.R. and Hossay, P. (eds) Shadows Over Europe: The Development and Impact of the Extreme Right Wing in Western Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 245-268.
65. Modood, T. (2007) Multiculturalism: A Civic Idea. Cambridge: Polity.
66. Mudde, C. (2007) Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
67. Municipalité Hérouxville (2007) 'The standards', online at: http://herouxville-quebec.blogspot.com/2007/03/about-beautiful-herouxville-quebec.html.
68. Norris, A. (2004) 'Us and them', Metaphilosophy, 35(3): 249-72.
69. Norris, P. (2005) Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70. O'Brien, P. (1988) 'Continuity and change in Germany's treatment of non-Germans', International Migration Review, 22(3): 373-387.
71. Parekh, B. (1996) 'Minority practices and principles of toleration', International Migration Review, 30(1): 251-284.
72. Parekh, B. (2002) Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
73. Perlmutter, T. (1996) 'Bringing parties back in: comments on Modes of immigration politics in liberal democratic societies', International Migration Review, 30(1): 375-388.
74. Perlmutter, T. (2002) 'The politics of restriction: the effect of xenophobic parties on Italian immigration policy and German asylum policy', in Schain, M., Zolberg, A.R. and Hossay, P. (eds) Shadows Over Europe: The Development and Impact of the Extreme Right Wing in Western Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 269-300.
75. Phillips, A. and Dustin, M. (2004) 'UK initiatives on forced marriage: regulation, dialogue and exit', Political Studies, 52(3): 531-551.
76. Phillips, A. and Saharso, S. (2008) 'Guest editorial: the rights of women and the crisis of multiculturalism', Ethnicities, 8(3): 291-301.
77. Phillips, M. (2006) Londonistan. New York: Encounter Books.
78. Razack, S. (2008) Casting Out: The Eviction of Muslims from Western Law and Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
79. Robin, C. (2004) Fear: The History of a Political Idea. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
80. Rudolph, C. (2003) 'Globalization and security: migration and evolving conceptions of security in statecraft and scholarship', Security Studies, 13(1): 1-32.
81. Scheuerman, W.E. (1996) 'Carl Schmitt's critique of liberal constitutionalism', The Review of Politics, 58(2): 299-322.
82. Schmidt, H. (2000) Die Selbstbehauptung Europas: Perspektiven für das 21. Jahrhundert. Munich: DVA.
83. Schmitt, C. (1996) The Concept of the Political. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
84. Sciolino, E. (2002) 'Ex-French president snubs Turks on Union bid', New York Times, 9 November.
85. Soysal, Y.N. (1994) Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
86. Steyn, M. (2006) America Alone: The End of the World as We Know It. Washington DC: Regnery.
87. Stolcke, V. (1999) 'New rhetorics of exclusion in Europe', International Social Science Journal, 51(159): 25-35.
88. Tebble, A. (2006) 'Exclusion for democracy', Political Theory, 34(4): 463-487.
89. Triadafilopoulos, T. (2006) Shifting Boundaries: Immigration and the Politics of National Membership in Canada and Germany. New York: New School for Social Research, unpublished PhD thesis.
90. Triadafilopoulos, T. and Zaslove, A. (2006) 'Influencing migration policy from inside: political parties', in Giugni, M. and Passy, F. (eds) Dialogues on Migration Policy. Lanham: Lexington, 171-192.
91. Turner, B.S. (2002) 'Sovereignty and emergency: political theology, Islam and American conservatism', Theory, Culture & Society, 19(4): 103-119.
92. Weaver, M. (2010) 'Angela Merkel: German multiculturalism has utterly failed', The Guardian, 17 October, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/ 2010/oct/17/angela-merkel-germanmulticulturalism-failed.
93. Weil, P. (2001) 'Access to citizenship: a comparison of twenty-five nationality laws', in Aleinikoff, T.A. and Klusmeyer, D. (eds) Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 17-35.
94. Weil, P. (2004) 'A nation in diversity: France, Muslims and the headscarf ', Open Democracy, 25: 1-8, online at: http://www.opendemocracy.net/content/articles/PDF/1811.pdf.
95. Yéor, B. (2005) Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis. Cranbury: Associated University Presses.
96. Zaslove, A. (2003) The Politics of Radical Right Populism: Post-Fordism, the Crisis of the Welfare State, and the Lega Nord. York: York University, unpublished PhD thesis.
97. Zaslove, A. (2008) 'Community, exclusion, and a populist political economy: the radical right as an anti-globalization movement', Comparative European Politics, 6(2): 169-190.
98. Zolberg, A.R. (1992) 'Labor migration and international economic regimes: Bretton Woods and after', in Kritz, M.M., Lim, L.L. and Zlotnik, H. (eds) International Migration Systems: A Global Approach. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 315-334.