Predicting, treating and preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: The state of the field

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 140-146

  Borowiec, Anna M ^a   Fedorak, Richard N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Azathioprine; Corticosteroids; Crohn's disease; Ileocolonic resection; Infliximab; Mesalamine; Postoperative recurrence; Probiotics

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZATHIOPRINE; BUDESONIDE; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; INFLIXIMAB; INTERLEUKIN 10; MERCAPTOPURINE; MESALAZINE; METHOTREXATE; METRONIDAZOLE; ORNIDAZOLE; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; PROBIOTIC AGENT; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 10; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; STEROID; VSL3; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANASTOMOSIS; APHTHOUS ULCER; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COLON RESECTION; CROHN DISEASE; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG EFFICACY; END TO END ANASTOMOSIS; ENDOSCOPY; FOLLOW UP; GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY; HUMAN; LAPAROSCOPY; LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); PATIENT CARE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RECURRENT DISEASE; REOPERATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; SIDE TO SIDE ANASTOMOSIS; SMOKING HABIT; SURGICAL RISK; TREATMENT OUTCOME; DRUG COMBINATION; METHODOLOGY; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT SELECTION; RISK FACTOR;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; AZATHIOPRINE; CROHN DISEASE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; PALLIATIVE CARE; PATIENT SELECTION; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RECURRENCE; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79955859920     PISSN: 08357900     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2011/591347     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical aspects and established and evolving therapies. Lancet 2007;369:1641-57. (Pubitemid 46722637)
2. Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, et al. Epidemiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a central Canadian province: A population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:916-24. (Pubitemid 29230706)
3. Kappelman MD, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman K, et al. The prevalence and geographic distribution of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:1424-9 (Pubitemid 350181588)
4. Fichera A, Michelassi F. Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2007;11:791-803.
5. Mekhjian HS, Switz DM, Watts HD, et al. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: Factors determining recurrence of Crohn's disease after surgery. Gastroenterology 1979;77:907-13. (Pubitemid 9242052)
6. Yamamoto T, Fazio VW, Tekkis PP. Safety and efficacy of strictureplasty for Crohn's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2007;50:1968-86. (Pubitemid 350077088)
7. Farmer RG, Whelan G, Fazio VW. Long-term follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease. Relationship between the clinical pattern and prognosis. Gastroenterology 1985;88:1818-25. (Pubitemid 15052293)
8. Yamamoto T. Factors affecting recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:3971-9. (Pubitemid 41235590)
9. Brouquet A, Blanc B, Bretagnol F, et al. Surgery for intestinal Crohn's disease recurrence. Surgery 2010;148:936-46.
10. Whelan G, Farmer RG, Fazio VW, Goormastic M. Recurrence after surgery in Crohn's disease. Relationship to location of disease (clinical pattern) and surgical indication. Gastroenterology 1985;88:1826-33. (Pubitemid 15052294)
11. Fichera A, Lovadina S, Rubin M, et al. Patterns and operative treatment of recurrent Crohn's disease: A prospective longitudinal study. Surgery 2006;140:649-54. (Pubitemid 44442344)
12. Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vantrappen G, et al. Natural history of recurrent Crohn's disease at the ileocolonic anastomosis after curative surgery. Gut 1984;25:665-72. (Pubitemid 14122134)
13. Anseline PF, Wlodarczyk J, Murugasu R. Presence of granulomas is associated with recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease: Experience of a surgical unit. Br J Surg 1997;84:78-82. (Pubitemid 27033113)
14. Moskovitz D, McLeod RS, Greenberg GR, et al. Operative and environmental risk factors for recurrence of Crohn's disease. Int J Colorectal Dis 1999;14:224-6. (Pubitemid 30000271)
15. Trnka YM, Glotzer DJ, Kasdon EJ, et al. The long-term outcome of restorative operation in Crohn's disease: Influence of location, prognostic factors and surgical guidelines. Ann Surg 1982;196:345-55. (Pubitemid 12052466)
16. Timmer A, Sutherland LR, Martin F. Oral contraceptive use and smoking are risk factors for relapse in Crohn's disease. The Canadian Mesalamine for Remission of Crohn's Disease Study Group. Gastroenterology 1998;114:1143-50. (Pubitemid 28243899)
17. Cottone M, Rosselli M, Orlando A, et al. Smoking habits and recurrence in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1994;106:643-8. (Pubitemid 24064330)
18. Ryan WR, Ley C, Allan RN, et al. Patients with Crohn's disease are unaware of the risks that smoking has on their disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2003;7:706-11. (Pubitemid 36875767)
19. Sutherland LR, Ramcharan S, Bryant H, et al. Effect of cigarette smoking on recurrence of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1990;98:1123-8. (Pubitemid 20143093)
20. Yamamoto T, Keighley MR. The association of cigarette smoking with a high risk of recurrence after ileocolonic resection for ileocecal Crohn's disease. Surg Today 1999;29:579-80. (Pubitemid 29313975)
21. Yamamoto T, Keighley MR. Smoking and disease recurrence after operation for Crohn's disease. Br J Surg 2000;87:398-404. (Pubitemid 30192945)
22. Reese GE, Nanidis T, Borysiewicz C, et al. The effect of smoking after surgery for Crohn's disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Colorectal Dis 2008;23:1213-21.
23. Poggioli G, Laureti S, Selleri, et al. Factors affecting recurrence in Crohn's disease. Results of a prospective audit. Int J Colorectal Dis 1996;11:294-8.
24. Chardavoyne R, Flint GW, Pollack S, et al. Factors affecting recurrence following resection for Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1986;29:495-502. (Pubitemid 16038851)
25. Griffiths AM, Wesson DE, Shandling B, et al. Factors influencing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease in childhood. Gut 1991;32:491-5.
26. Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vantrappen G, et al. Predictability of the postoperative course of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1990;99:956-63. (Pubitemid 20338451)
27. Bernell O, Lapidus A, Hellers G. Risk factors for surgery and postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Ann Surg 2000;231:38-45. (Pubitemid 30043937)
28. Greenstein AJ, Lachman P, Sachar DB, et al. Perforating and non-perforating indications for repeated operations in Crohn's disease: Evidence for two clinical forms. Gut 1988;29:588-92.
29. McDonald PJ, Fazio VW, Farmer RG, et al. Perforating and nonperforating Crohn's disease. An unpredictable guide to recurrence after surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 1989;32:117-20. (Pubitemid 19063231)
30. Yamamoto T, Allan RN, Keighley MR. Perforating ileocecal Crohn's disease does not carry a high risk of recurrence but usually re-presents as perforating disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1999;42:519-24. (Pubitemid 29183952)
31. Simillis C, Yamamoto T, Reese GE, et al. A meta-analysis comparing incidence of recurrence and indication for reoperation after surgery for perforating versus nonperforating Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:196-205.
32. Wolff BG. Factors determining recurrence following surgery for Crohn's disease. World J Surg 1998;22:364-9. (Pubitemid 28113523)
33. Ellis L, Calhoun P, Kaiser DL, et al. Postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. The effect of the initial length of bowel resection and operative procedure. Ann Surg 1984;199:340-7. (Pubitemid 14194081)
34. Wolfson DM, Sachar DB, Cohen A, et al. Granulomas do not affect postoperative recurrence rates in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1982;83:405-9. (Pubitemid 12078226)
35. Avidan B, Sakhnini E, Lahat A, et al. Risk factors regarding the need for a second operation in patients with Crohn's disease. Digestion 2005;72:248-53. (Pubitemid 41820810)
36. Hofer B, Bottger T, Hernandez-Richter T, Seifert JK, Junginger T. The impact of clinical types of disease manifestation on the risk of early postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Hepatogastroenterology 2001;48:152-5. (Pubitemid 32226093)
37. Fazio VW, Marchetti F, Church M, et al. Effect of resection margins on the recurrence of Crohn's disease in the small bowel. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 1996;224:563-71; discussion 571-3.
38. Yamamoto T, Bain IM, Mylonakis E, et al. Stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis versus sutured end-to-end anastomosis after ileocolonic resection in Crohn disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:708-13. (Pubitemid 29390096)
39. Ikeuchi H, Kusunoki M, Yamamura T. Long-term results of stapled and hand-sewn anastomoses in patients with Crohn's disease. Dig Surg 2000;17:493-6. (Pubitemid 32008800)
40. Tersigni R, Alessandroni L, Barreca M, et al. Does stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis affect recurrence of Crohn's disease after ileocolonic resection? Hepatogastroenterology 2003;50:1422-5. (Pubitemid 37186499)
41. Scarpa M, Angriman I, Barollo M, et al. Role of stapled and hand-sewn anastomoses in recurrence of Crohn's disease. Hepatogastroenterology 2004;51:1053-7. (Pubitemid 38822469)
42. McLeod RS, Wolff BG, Ross S, et al. Recurrence of Crohn's disease after ileocolic resection is not affected by anastomotic type: Results of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2009;52:919-27.
43. Tan JJ, Tjandra JJ. Laparoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease: A meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2007;50:576-85. (Pubitemid 46870468)
44. Fichera A, Peng SL, Elisseou NM, Rubin MA, Hurst RD. Laparoscopy or coventional open surgery for patients with ileocolonic Crohn's disease? A prospective study. Surgery 2007;142:566-71. (Pubitemid 47575599)
45. Eshuis EJ, Polle SW, Slors JF, et al. Long-term surgical recurrence, morbidity, quality of life, and body image of laparoscopic-assisted vs. open ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease: A comparative study. Dis Colon Rectum 2008;51:858-67.
46. Stocchi L, Milsom JW, Fazio VW. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease: Follow-up of a prospective randomized trial. Surgery 2008;144:622-7; discussion 627-8.
47. Okabayashi K, Hasegawa H, Watanabe M, et al. Indications for laparoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease using the Vienna classification. Colorectal Disease 2007;9:825-9. (Pubitemid 47578030)
48. Castiglione F, de Sio I, Cozzolino A, et al. Bowel wall thickness at abdominal ultrasound and the one-year-risk of surgery in patients with Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1977-83. (Pubitemid 39421243)
49. Maconi G, Sampietro GM, Cristaldi M, et al. Preoperative characteristics and postoperative behavior of bowel wall on risk of recurrence after conservative surgery in Crohn's disease: A prospective study. Ann Surg 2001;233:345-52. (Pubitemid 32187812)
50. Parente F, Sampietro GM, Molteni M, et al. Behaviour of the bowel wall during the first year after surgery is a strong predictor of symptomatic recurrence of Crohn's disease: A prospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:959-68. (Pubitemid 39593277)
51. Yamamoto T, Umegae S, Kitagawa T, et al. Mucosal cytokine production during remission after resection for Crohn's disease and its relationship to future relapse. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;19:671-8. (Pubitemid 38445428)
52. Meresse B, Rutgeerts P, Malchow H, et al. Low ileal interleukin 10 concentrations are predictive of endoscopic recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease. Gut 2002;50:25-8. (Pubitemid 34028298)
53. Alvarez-Lobos M, Arostegui JI, Sans M, et al. Crohn's disease patients carrying Nod2/CARD15 gene variants have an increased and early need for first surgery due to stricturing disease and higher rate of surgical recurrence. Ann Surg 2005;242:693-700. (Pubitemid 41567125)
54. Seiderer J, Brand S, Herrmann KA, et al. Predictive value of the CARD15 variant 1007fs for the diagnosis of intestinal stenoses and the need for surgery in Crohn's disease in clinical practice: Results of a prospective study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12:1114-21. (Pubitemid 44847468)
55. Spivak J, Landers CJ, Vasiliauskas EA, et al. Antibodies to I2 predict clinical response to fecal diversion in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12:1122-30. (Pubitemid 44847469)
56. Biancone L, Onali S, Calabrese E, et al. Non-invasive techniques for assessing postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Dig Liver Dis 2008;40(Suppl 2):S265-70. (Pubitemid 351878070)
57. Sailer J, Peloschek P, Reinisch W, et al. Anastomotic recurrence of Crohn's disease after ileocolic resection: Comparison of MR enteroclysis with endoscopy. Eur Radiol 2008;18:2512-21.
58. Calabrese E, La Seta F, Buccellato A, et al. Crohn's disease: A comparative prospective study of transabdominal ultrasonography, small intestine contrast ultrasonography, and small bowel enema. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2005;11:139-45. (Pubitemid 40711218)
59. Castiglione F, Bucci L, Pesce G, et al. Oral contrast-enhanced sonography for the diagnosis and grading of postsurgical recurrence of Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008;14:1240-5.
60. Schreiber S, Nikolaus S, Hampe J, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta in relapse of Crohn's disease. Lancet 1999;353:459-61. (Pubitemid 29067338)
61. Van Kemseke C, Belaiche J, Louis E. Frequently relapsing Crohn's disease is characterized by persistent elevation in interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor serum levels during remission. Int J Colorectal Dis 2000;15:206-10.
62. Papadakis KA, Yang H, Ippoliti A, et al. Anti-flagellin (CBir1) phenotypic and genetic Crohn's disease associations. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007;13:524-30. (Pubitemid 46799635)
63. Devlin SM, Yang H, Ippoliti A, et al. NOD2 variants and antibody response to microbial antigens in Crohn's disease patients and their unaffected relatives. Gastroenterology 2007;132:576-86. (Pubitemid 46274655)
64. Summers RW, Switz DM, Sessions JT, et al. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: Results of drug treatment. Gastroenterology 1979;77:847-69. (Pubitemid 9242048)
65. Wenckert A, Kristensen M, Eklund AE, et al. The long-term prophylactic effect of salazosulphapyridine (Salazopyrin) in primarily resected patients with Crohn's disease. A controlled double-blind trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 1978;13:161-7. (Pubitemid 8278453)
66. Ewe K, Herfarth C, Malchow H, Jesdinsky HJ. Postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease in relation to radicality of operation and sulfasalazine prophylaxis: A multicenter trial. Digestion 1989;42:224-32. (Pubitemid 19212478)
67. Caprilli R, Andreoli A, Capurso L, et al. Oral mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid; Asacol) for the prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio del Colon e del Retto (GISC). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994;8:35-43.
68. McLeod RS, Wolff BG, Steinhart AH, et al. Prophylactic mesalamine treatment decreases postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1995;109:404-13.
69. Brignola C, Cottone M, Pera A, et al. Mesalamine in the prevention of endoscopic recurrence after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease. Italian Cooperative Study Group. Gastroenterology 1995;108:345-9.
70. Florent C, Cortot A, Quandale P, et al. Placebo-controlled clinical trial of mesalazine in the prevention of early endoscopic recurrences after resection for Crohn's disease. Groupe d'Etudes Therapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID). Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996;8:229-33. (Pubitemid 26132099)
71. Sutherland LR, Martin F, Bailey RJ, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of mesalamine in the maintenance of remission of Crohn's disease. The Canadian Mesalamine for Remission of Crohn's Disease Study Group. Gastroenterology 1997;112:1069-77. (Pubitemid 27157516)
72. Lochs H, Mayer M, Fleig WE, et al. Prophylaxis of postoperative relapse in Crohn's disease with mesalamine: European Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study VI. Gastroenterology 2000;118:264-73. (Pubitemid 30067499)
73. Caprilli R, Cottone M, Tonelli F, et al. Two mesalazine regimens in the prevention of the post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease: A pragmatic, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:517-23. (Pubitemid 36384811)
74. Hanauer SB, Korelitz BI, Rutgeerts P, et al. Postoperative maintenance of Crohn's disease remission with 6-mercaptopurine, mesalamine, or placebo: A 2-year trial. Gastroenterology 2004;127:723-9. (Pubitemid 39208405)
75. Doherty G, Bennett G, Patil S, et al. Interventions for prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;4:CD006873.
76. Cuillerier E, Lemann M, Bouhnik Y, et al. Azathioprine for prevention of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: A retrospective study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;13:1291-6. (Pubitemid 33111973)
77. Domenech E, Scala L, Bernal I, et al. [Azathioprine and mesalazine in the prevention of postsurgical recurrence of Crohn's disease: A retrospective study.] Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;27:563-7.
78. Unkart JT, Anderson L, Li E, et al. Risk factors for surgical recurrence after ileocolic resection of Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum 2008;51:1211-6.
79. D'Haens GR, Vermeire S, Van Assche G, et al. Therapy of metronidazole with azathioprine to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: A controlled randomized trial. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1123-9.
80. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG. The efficacy of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the prevention of postoperative recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease remains uncertain. Gastroenterology 2004;127:990-3. (Pubitemid 39208432)
81. Ardizzone S, Maconi G, Sampietro GM, et al. Azathioprine and mesalamine for prevention of relapse after conservative surgery for Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2004;127:730-40. (Pubitemid 39208406)
82. Alves A, Panis Y, Joly F, et al. Could immunosuppressive drugs reduce recurrence rate after second resection for Crohn disease? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004;10:491-5. (Pubitemid 39276454)
83. Domenech E, Manosa M, Bernal I, et al. Impact of azathioprine on the prevention of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence: Results of a prospective, observational, long-term follow-up study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008;14:508-13. (Pubitemid 351571830)
84. Renna S, Camma C, Modesto I, et al. Meta-analysis of the placebo rates of clinical relapse and severe endoscopic recurrence in postoperative Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1500-9.
85. Bergman L, Krause U. Postoperative treatment with corticosteroids and salazosulphapyridine (Salazopyrin) after radical resection for Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1976;11:651-6.
86. Hellers G, Cortot A, Jewell D, et al. Oral budesonide for prevention of postsurgical recurrence in Crohn's disease. The IOIBD Budesonide Study Group. Gastroenterology 1999;116:294-300. (Pubitemid 29055351)
87. Ewe K, Bottger T, Buhr HJ, et al. Low-dose budesonide treatment for prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: A multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial. German Budesonide Study Group. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;11:277-82. (Pubitemid 29286681)
88. Benchimol EI, Seow CH, Otley AR, et al. Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;21(1):CD002913.
89. Rutgeerts P, Hiele M, Geboes K, et al. Controlled trial of metronidazole treatment for prevention of Crohn's recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology 1995;108:1617-21.
90. Rutgeerts P, Van Assche G, Vermeire S, et al. Ornidazole for prophylaxis of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2005;128:856-61. (Pubitemid 40523538)
91. Boirivant M, Strober W. The mechanism of action of probiotics. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2007;23:679-92. (Pubitemid 47508800)
92. Prantera C, Scribano ML, Falasco G, Andreoli A, Luzi C. Ineffectiveness of probiotics in preventing recurrence after curative resection for Crohn's disease: A randomised controlled trial with Lactobacillus GG. Gut 2002;51:405-9.
93. Marteau P, Lemann M, Seksik P, et al. Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 for prophylaxis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled GETAID trial. Gut 2006;55:842-7. (Pubitemid 43764556)
94. Van Gossum A, Dewit O, Louis E, et al. Multicenter randomized-controlled clinical trial of probiotics (Lactobacillus johnsonii, LA1) on early endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease after lleo-caecal resection. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007;13:135-42. (Pubitemid 46806221)
95. Chermesh I, Tamir A, Reshef R, et al. Failure of Synbiotic 2000 to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:385-9. (Pubitemid 46202810)
96. Madsen K, Backer JL, Leddin D, et al. A randomized controlled trial of Vsl#3 for the preventon of endoscopic recurrance following surgery for Crohn's disease. Gastroenterol 2008;134:A361.
97. Sorrentino D, Terrosu G, Avellini C, et al. Prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease by infliximab. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;18:457-9.
98. Sorrentino D, Terrosu G, Avellini C, et al. Infliximab with low-dose methotrexate for prevention of postsurgical recurrence of ileocolonic Crohn disease. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1804-7. (Pubitemid 47403070)
99. Regueiro M, Schraut W, Baidoo L, et al. Infliximab prevents Crohn's disease recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology 2009;136:441-50 e1; quiz 716.
100. Yamamoto T, Umegae, Matsumoto K. Impact of infliximab therapy after early endoscopic recurrence following ileocolonic resection of Crohn's disease: A prospective pilot study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009;25:1460-6.
101. Meresse B, Rutgeerts P, Malchow H, et al. Low ileal interleukin 10 concentrations are predictive of endoscopic recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease. Gut 2002;50:25-8. (Pubitemid 34028298)
102. Colombel JF, Rutgeerts P, Malchow H, et al. Interleukin 10 (Tenovil) in the prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Gut 2001;49:42-6. (Pubitemid 32601878)