Stressful life events at onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder are associated with a distinct clinical pattern

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 367-376

  Real, Eva ^a   Labad, Javier ^a,b   Alonso, Pino ^a,c,d   Segalàs, Cinto ^a   Jiménez Murcia, Susana ^a,c,d   Bueno, Blanca ^a,c   Subirà, Marta ^a,c,d   Vallejo, Julio ^a   Menchón, José M ^a,c,d  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI DE BELLVITGE   (Spain)

^b IISPV   (Spain)

^c INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

complicated birth; environmental stressors; obsessive compulsive disorder; stressful life events; symptom dimensions

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; LIFE EVENT; LIFE STRESS; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL HISTORY; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 79955579177     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: 15206394     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.20792     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. DuPont RL, Rice DP, Shiraki S, et al. Economic costs of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Med Interface 1995; 8: 102-109.
2. Leon AC, Portera L, Weissman MM,. The social costs of anxiety disorders. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1995; 27: 19-22.
3. Hollander E,. Obsessive-compulsive disorder-related disorders: the role of selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 11: 75-87. (Pubitemid 27049282)
4. Stein MB, Forde DR, Anderson G, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the community: an epidemiologic survey with clinical reappraisal. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: 1120-1126. (Pubitemid 27328829)
5. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 593-602. (Pubitemid 40973434)
6. Steketee G,. Disability and family burden in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Can J Psychiatry 1997; 42: 919-928. (Pubitemid 28041848)
7. Lochner C, Mogotsi M, du Toit PL, et al. Quality of life in anxiety disorders: a comparison of obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Psychopathology 2003; 36: 255-262. (Pubitemid 37323501)
8. Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle M, et al. A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 358-363. (Pubitemid 30202326)
9. Hettema JM, Neale MC, Kendler KS,. A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 1568-1578. (Pubitemid 32923644)
10. Gothelf D, Aharonovsky O, Horesh N, et al. Life events and personality factors in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45: 192-198. (Pubitemid 38656675)
11. Pine DS, Cohen P, Johnson JG, et al. Adolescent life events as predictors of adult depression. J Affect Disord 2002; 68: 49-57. (Pubitemid 34178551)
12. Kendler KS, Karkowski LM, Prescott CA,. Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 837-841. (Pubitemid 29260336)
13. Espejo EP, Hammen CL, Connolly NP, et al. Stress sensitization and adolescent depressive severity as a function of childhood adversity: a link to anxiety disorders. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2007; 35: 287-299. (Pubitemid 46569941)
14. Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Rutter M,. Strategy for investigating interactions between measured genes and measured environments. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 473-481. (Pubitemid 40637222)
15. Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, et al. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003; 301: 386-389. (Pubitemid 36877077)
16. de Silva P, Marks M,. The role of traumatic experiences in the genesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Res Ther 1999; 37: 941-951. (Pubitemid 29397313)
17. Gershuny BS, Baer L, Radomsky AS, et al. Connections among symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: a case series. Behav Res Ther 2003; 41: 1029-1041. (Pubitemid 36952357)
18. Gershuny BS, Baer L, Parker H, et al. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2008; 25: 69-71. (Pubitemid 351213927)
19. Grabe HJ, Ruhrmann S, Spitzer C, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychopathology 2008; 41: 129-134. (Pubitemid 350308314)
20. McKeon J, Roa B, Mann A,. Life events and personality traits in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. Br J Psychiatry 1984; 144: 185-189. (Pubitemid 14178826)
21. Cromer KR, Schmidt NB, Murphy DL,. An investigation of traumatic life events and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Res Ther 2007; 45: 1683-1691. (Pubitemid 46669436)
22. Findley DB, Leckman JF, Katsovich L, et al. Development of the Yale Children's Global Stress Index (YCGSI) and its application in children and adolescents ith Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003; 42: 450-457. (Pubitemid 39625079)
23. Cromer KR, Schmidt NB, Murphy DL,. Do traumatic events influence the clinical expression of compulsive hoarding? Behav Res Ther 2007; 45: 2581-2592. (Pubitemid 47513636)
24. Maina G, Albert U, Bogetto F, et al. Recent life events and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): the role of pregnancy/delivery. Psychiatry Res 1999; 89: 49-58.
25. Labad J, Alonso P, Segalas C, et al. Distinct correlates of hoarding and cleaning symptom dimensions in relation to onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder at menarche or the perinatal period. Arch Womens Ment Health 2010; 13: 75-81.
26. Pato MT, Eisen JL, Pato CN,. Rating scales for obsessive-compulsive disorder. In:, Hollander JZ, Marazzati D, Olivier B, editors. Current Insights in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Chichester: Wiley; 1994.
27. Dohrenwend BP,. Inventorying stressful life events as risk factors for psychopathology: toward resolution of the problem of intracategory variability. Psychol Bull 2006; 132: 477-495. (Pubitemid 43848892)
28. Paykel ES, Prusoff BA, Uhlenhuth EH,. Scaling of life events. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1971; 25: 340-347.
29. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994.
30. First N, Spitzer R, Gibbon M, et al. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinician Version (SCID-CV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.; 1997.
31. Andreasen NC, Endicott J, Spitzer RL, et al. The family history method using diagnostic criteria. Reliability and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977; 34: 1229-1235. (Pubitemid 8216736)
32. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, et al. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46: 1006-1011. (Pubitemid 19278229)
33. Hamilton M,. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 56-62.
34. Brown GW, Harris TO,. Social Origins of Depression: A study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women. New York: Free Press; 1978.
35. Bogetto F, Venturello S, Albert U, et al. Gender-related clinical differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Psychiatry 1999; 14: 434-441. (Pubitemid 30022386)
36. Paykel ES,. The interview for recent life events. Psychol Med 1997; 27: 301-310. (Pubitemid 27139963)
37. Mataix-Cols D, Rauch SL, Manzo PA, et al. Use of factor-analyzed symptom dimensions to predict outcome with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and placebo in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1409-1416. (Pubitemid 29416539)
38. Mataix-Cols D, Marks IM, Greist JH, et al. Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions as predictors of compliance with and response to behaviour therapy: results from a controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom 2002; 71: 255-262. (Pubitemid 35007649)
39. Alonso P, Menchon JM, Pifarre J, et al. Long-term follow-up and predictors of clinical outcome in obsessive-compulsive patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and behavioral therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62: 535-540. (Pubitemid 32703093)
40. Alonso P, Menchon JM, Mataix-Cols D, et al. Perceived parental rearing style in obsessive-compulsive disorder: relation to symptom dimensions. Psychiatry Res 2004; 127: 267-278. (Pubitemid 39024504)
41. Labad J, Menchon JM, Alonso P, et al. Gender differences in obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions. Depress Anxiety 2008; 25: 832-838.
42. Paykel ES, Myers JK, Dienelt MN, et al. Life events and depression. A controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1969; 21: 753-760.
43. Albert U, Maina G, Ravizza L, et al. An exploratory study on obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without a familial component: are there any phenomenological differences? Psychopathology 2002; 35: 8-16. (Pubitemid 34507688)
44. Pauls DL, Alsobrook 2nd JP, Goodman W, et al. A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 76-84.
45. Vasconcelos MS, Sampaio AS, Hounie AG, et al. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 61: 301-307. (Pubitemid 46108691)
46. Geller DA, Wieland N, Carey K, et al. Perinatal factors affecting expression of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2008; 18: 373-379.
47. Douglass HM, Moffitt TE, Dar R, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in a birth cohort of 18-year-olds: prevalence and predictors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34: 1424-1431.
48. Ministry of Health and Social Policy, Government of Spain. Standards and Recommendations for Hospital Maternity Units in Spain. Hospital Care for Childbirth. Reports, Research, and Investigation; 2009.
49. Taylor A, Fisk NM, Glover V,. Mode of delivery and subsequent stress response. Lancet 2000; 355: 120. (Pubitemid 30068563)
50. O'Connor TG, Ben-Shlomo Y, Heron J, et al. Prenatal anxiety predicts individual differences in cortisol in pre-adolescent children. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58: 211-217. (Pubitemid 41112269)
51. Entringer S, Kumsta R, Hellhammer DH, et al. Prenatal exposure to maternal psychosocial stress and HPA axis regulation in young adults. Horm Behav 2009; 55: 292-298.
52. Boksa P, El-Khodor BF,. Birth insult interacts with stress at adulthood to alter dopaminergic function in animal models: possible implications for schizophrenia and other disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2003; 27: 91-101. (Pubitemid 36535392)
53. Szuran TF, Pliska V, Pokorny J, et al. Prenatal stress in rats: effects on plasma corticosterone, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and maze performance. Physiol Behav 2000; 71: 353-362. (Pubitemid 32058841)
54. Walker EF, Diforio D,. Schizophrenia: a neural diathesis-stress model. Psychol Rev 1997; 104: 667-685. (Pubitemid 127499376)
55. Weinstein DD, Diforio D, Schiffman J, et al. Minor physical anomalies, dermatoglyphic asymmetries, and cortisol levels in adolescents with schizotypal personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 617-623. (Pubitemid 29162985)
56. Rao U, Hammen C, Ortiz LR, et al. Effects of early and recent adverse experiences on adrenal response to psychosocial stress in depressed adolescents. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64: 521-526.
57. Meaney MJ, Bhatnagar S, Larocque S, et al. Individual differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response and the hypothalamic CRF system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 697: 70-85. (Pubitemid 24028956)
58. Heim C, Newport DJ, Wagner D, et al. The role of early adverse experience and adulthood stress in the prediction of neuroendocrine stress reactivity in women: a multiple regression analysis. Depress Anxiety 2002; 15: 117-125. (Pubitemid 34522472)
59. Jiang X, Wang J, Luo T, et al. Impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its feedback regulation in serotonin transporter knockout mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009; 34: 317-331.
60. Caspi A, Hariri AR, Holmes A, et al. Genetic sensitivity to the environment: the case of the serotonin transporter gene and its implications for studying complex diseases and traits. Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167: 509-527.
61. Zohar J, Kennedy JL, Hollander E, et al. Serotonin-1D hypothesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder: an update. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 18-21.
62. Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Sen S, et al. Association of the serotonin transporter polymorphism and obsessive-compulsive disorder: systematic review. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B: 850-858.
63. Lensi P, Cassano GB, Correddu G, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Familial-developmental history, symptomatology, comorbidity and course with special reference to gender-related differences. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 169: 101-107.
64. Tukel R, Polat A, Genc A, et al. Gender-related differences among Turkish patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45: 362-366. (Pubitemid 39140889)
65. Noshirvani HF, Kasvikis Y, Marks IM, et al. Gender-divergent aetiological factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 158: 260-263.
66. Denys D, de Geus F, van Megen HJ, et al. Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2004; 128: 273-280. (Pubitemid 39490848)
67. Hanna GL, Fischer DJ, Chadha KR, et al. Familial and sporadic subtypes of early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 895-900. (Pubitemid 40488358)
68. Uguz F, Akman C, Kaya N, et al. Postpartum-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: incidence, clinical features, and related factors. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68: 132-138. (Pubitemid 46220135)
69. Labad J, Menchon JM, Alonso P, et al. Female reproductive cycle and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: 428-435. (Pubitemid 40593570)
70. McEwen B,. Estrogen actions throughout the brain. Recent Prog Horm Res 2002; 57: 357-384.
71. Fernandez-Guasti A, Agrati D, Reyes R, et al. Ovarian steroids counteract serotonergic drugs actions in an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006; 31: 924-934. (Pubitemid 44177560)
72. Agrati D, Fernandez-Guasti A, Zuluaga MJ, et al. Compulsive-like behaviour according to the sex and the reproductive stage of female rats. Behav Brain Res 2005; 161: 313-319. (Pubitemid 40732415)
73. Rasmussen SA, Tsuang MT,. Clinical characteristics and family history in DSM-III obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143: 317-322. (Pubitemid 16034090)
74. Belloch A, Del Valle G, Morillo C, et al. To seek advice or not to seek advice about the problem: the help-seeking dilemma for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2009; 44: 257-264.
75. Monroe SM,. Modern approaches to conceptualizing and measuring human life stress. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2008; 4: 33-52. (Pubitemid 351668610)
76. Miller PM, Dean C, Ingham JG, et al. The epidemiology of life events and long-term difficulties, with some reflections on the concept of independence. Br J Psychiatry 1986; 148: 686-696. (Pubitemid 16056792)
77. Marsman R, Rosmalen JG, Oldehinkel AJ, et al. Does HPA-axis activity mediate the relationship between obstetric complications and externalizing behavior problems? The TRAILS study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 18: 565-573.
78. Allen NB, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR,. Prenatal and perinatal influences on risk for psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 1998; 10: 513-529. (Pubitemid 128433135)
79. Cohen LH, Towbes LC, Flocco R,. Effects of induced mood on self-reported life events and perceived and received social support. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988; 55: 669-674.
80. Brown GW,. Life events, psychiatric disorder and physical illness. J Psychosom Res 1981; 25: 461-473. (Pubitemid 12244092)
81. Gorman DM,. A review of studies comparing checklist and interview methods of data collection in life event research. Behav Med 1993; 19: 66-73. (Pubitemid 23336187)
82. Meyer A,. The life chart and the obligation of specifying positive data in psychopathological diagnosis. In:, Winters EE, editor. The Collected Papers of Adolf Meyer, Vol. 3: Medical Teaching. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1951: 52-56.
83. Holmes TH, Masuda M., Life changes and illness susceptibility. In:, Dohrenwend BS, Dohrenwend BP, editors. Stressful Life Events: Their Nature and Effects. New York: Wiley; 1974: 45-72.
84. Holmes TH, Rahe RH,. The social readjustment rating scale. J Psychosom Res 1967; 11: 213-218.
85. Komaroff AL, Masuda M, Holmes TH,. The social readjustment rating scale: a comparative study of Negro, Mexican and white Americans. J Psychosom Res 1968; 12: 121-128.
86. Sarason IG, Johnson JH, Siegel JM,. Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the life experiences survey. J Consult Clin Psychol 1978; 46: 932-946. (Pubitemid 9038992)
87. Dohrenwend BS, Krasnoff L, Askenasy AR, et al. Exemplification of a method for scaling life events: the peri life events scale. J Health Soc Behav 1978; 19: 205-229. (Pubitemid 8361408)
88. McQuaid JR, Monroe SM, Roberts JE, et al. A comparison of two life stress assessment approaches: prospective prediction of treatment outcome in recurrent depression. J Abnorm Psychol 2000; 109: 787-791. (Pubitemid 32096241)
89. Monroe SM, Reid MW,. Gene-environment interactions in depression research: genetic polymorphisms and life-stress polyprocedures. Psychol Sci 2008; 19: 947-956.
90. Paykel ES,. The clinical interview for depression. Development, reliability and validity. J Affect Disord 1985; 9: 85-96. (Pubitemid 15068952)
91. Wethington EB, Brown GW, Kessler RC,. Interview measurement of stressful events. In:, Cohen S, Kessler R, Gordon U, editors. Measuring Stress: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995: 59-79.
92. Dohrenwend BP, Raphael KG, Schwartz S, Stueve A, Skodol AE,. The structured event probe and narrative rating method (SEPRATE) for measuring stressful life events. In:, Golberger L, Breznitz S, editors. Theoretical and Clinical Aspects. 2nd ed. New York: Free Press; 1993: 174-199.