메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 913-921

Secondary hyperparathyroidism: Pathogenesis, disease progression, and therapeutic options

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

22 OXACALCITRIOL; ALFACALCIDOL; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCIMIMETIC AGENT; CALCITRIOL; CALCIUM SALT; CINACALCET; DOXERCALCIFEROL; LANTHANUM CARBONATE; METHOXY ISOBUTYL ISONITRILE TECHNETIUM TC 99M; PARICALCITOL; PHOSPHATE BINDING AGENT; PHOSPHORUS; SEVELAMER; TECALCET; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D DERIVATIVE;

EID: 79955567444     PISSN: 15559041     EISSN: 1555905X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.06040710     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (485)

References (88)
  • 2
    • 0018582399 scopus 로고
    • Role of parathyroid hormone in the pathogenesis of the uremic manifestations
    • Massry SG: Role of parathyroid hormone in the pathogenesis of the uremic manifestations. Klin Wochenschr 57: 1085-1088, 1979
    • (1979) Klin Wochenschr , vol.57 , pp. 1085-1088
    • Massry, S.G.1
  • 3
    • 69249103730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parathyroid hormone: A uremic toxin
    • Rodriguez M, Lorenzo V: Parathyroid hormone: A uremic toxin. Semin Dial 22: 363-368, 2009
    • (2009) Semin Dial , vol.22 , pp. 363-368
    • Rodriguez, M.1    Lorenzo, V.2
  • 4
    • 0032918925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased calcium-sensing receptor expression in hyperplastic parathyroid glands of uremic rats: Role of dietary phosphate
    • Brown AJ, Ritter CS, Finch JL, Slatopolsky EA: Decreased calcium-sensing receptor expression in hyperplastic parathyroid glands of uremic rats: Role of dietary phosphate. Kidney Int 55: 1284-1292, 1999
    • (1999) Kidney Int , vol.55 , pp. 1284-1292
    • Brown, A.J.1    Ritter, C.S.2    Finch, J.L.3    Slatopolsky, E.A.4
  • 5
    • 0038807534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Au-toregulation in the parathyroid glands by PTH/PTHrP receptor ligands in normal and uremic rats
    • Lewin E, Garfia B, Almaden Y, Rodriguez M, Olgaard K: Au-toregulation in the parathyroid glands by PTH/PTHrP receptor ligands in normal and uremic rats. Kidney Int 64: 63-70, 2003
    • (2003) Kidney Int , vol.64 , pp. 63-70
    • Lewin, E.1    Garfia, B.2    Almaden, Y.3    Rodriguez, M.4    Olgaard, K.5
  • 6
  • 8
    • 12144285037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The calcium-sensing receptor: A key factor in the pathogenesis of secondary hyper-parathyroidism
    • Rodriguez M, Nemeth E, Martin D: The calcium-sensing receptor: A key factor in the pathogenesis of secondary hyper-parathyroidism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288: F253-F264, 2005
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.288
    • Rodriguez, M.1    Nemeth, E.2    Martin, D.3
  • 12
    • 74449094013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parathyroid cell resistance to fibroblast growth factor 23 in secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic kidney disease
    • Galitzer H, Ben-Dov IZ, Silver J, Naveh-Many T: Parathyroid cell resistance to fibroblast growth factor 23 in secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 77: 211-218, 2010
    • (2010) Kidney Int , vol.77 , pp. 211-218
    • Galitzer, H.1    Ben-Dov, I.Z.2    Silver, J.3    Naveh-Many, T.4
  • 14
    • 75749129364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGF23-parathyroid interaction: Implications in chronic kidney disease
    • Komaba H, Fukagawa M: FGF23-parathyroid interaction: Implications in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 77: 292-298, 2010
    • (2010) Kidney Int , vol.77 , pp. 292-298
    • Komaba, H.1    Fukagawa, M.2
  • 15
    • 76749134283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the downregulation of the FGF23 signaling pathway in hyperplastic parathyroid glands contribute to refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD patients?
    • Lafage-Proust MH: Does the downregulation of the FGF23 signaling pathway in hyperplastic parathyroid glands contribute to refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD patients? Kidney Int 77: 390-392, 2010
    • (2010) Kidney Int , vol.77 , pp. 390-392
    • Lafage-Proust, M.H.1
  • 19
    • 0000524953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normalization of mineral ion homeo-stasis by dietary means prevents hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, but not alopecia in vitamin D receptor-ablated mice
    • Li YC, Amling M, Pirro AE, Priemel M, Meuse J, Baron R, Delling G, Demay MB: Normalization of mineral ion homeo-stasis by dietary means prevents hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, but not alopecia in vitamin D receptor-ablated mice. Endocrinology 139: 4391-4396, 1998
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , pp. 4391-4396
    • Li, Y.C.1    Amling, M.2    Pirro, A.E.3    Priemel, M.4    Meuse, J.5    Baron, R.6    Delling, G.7    Demay, M.B.8
  • 20
    • 34547851697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can calcimimetics inhibit parathyroid hyperplasia? Evidence from preclinical studies
    • Drueke T, Martin D, Rodriguez M: Can calcimimetics inhibit parathyroid hyperplasia? Evidence from preclinical studies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22: 1828-1839, 2007
    • (2007) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.22 , pp. 1828-1839
    • Drueke, T.1    Martin, D.2    Rodriguez, M.3
  • 21
    • 0036066178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent downregulation of calcium-sensing receptor mRNA in rat parathyroids when severe secondary hyperparathyroidism is reversed by an isogenic kidney transplantation
    • Lewin E, Garfia B, Recio FL, Rodriguez M, Olgaard K: Persistent downregulation of calcium-sensing receptor mRNA in rat parathyroids when severe secondary hyperparathyroidism is reversed by an isogenic kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 2110-2116, 2002
    • (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 2110-2116
    • Lewin, E.1    Garfia, B.2    Recio, F.L.3    Rodriguez, M.4    Olgaard, K.5
  • 22
    • 70350719354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of the vitamin D receptor specifically in the parathyroid demonstrates a limited role for the receptor in parathyroid physiology
    • Meir T, Levi R, Lieben L, Libutti S, Carmeliet G, Bouillon R, Silver J, Naveh-Many T: Deletion of the vitamin D receptor specifically in the parathyroid demonstrates a limited role for the receptor in parathyroid physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 297: F1192-F1198, 2009
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.297
    • Meir, T.1    Levi, R.2    Lieben, L.3    Libutti, S.4    Carmeliet, G.5    Bouillon, R.6    Silver, J.7    Naveh-Many, T.8
  • 27
    • 0029950035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of hyperparathy-roid disease
    • Tominaga Y, Takagi H: Molecular genetics of hyperparathy-roid disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 5: 336-341, 1996
    • (1996) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.5 , pp. 336-341
    • Tominaga, Y.1    Takagi, H.2
  • 28
    • 0343238871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell biology of parathyroid gland hyperplasia in chronic renal failure
    • Drueke TB: Cell biology of parathyroid gland hyperplasia in chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 11: 1141-1152, 2000
    • (2000) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.11 , pp. 1141-1152
    • Drueke, T.B.1
  • 29
    • 47349110865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease: Lessons from molecular genetics
    • Goodman WG, Quarles LD: Development and progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease: lessons from molecular genetics. Kidney Int 74: 276-288, 2008
    • (2008) Kidney Int , vol.74 , pp. 276-288
    • Goodman, W.G.1    Quarles, L.D.2
  • 30
    • 0034778610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parathyroid hyperplasia in uremic rats precedes down-regulation of the calcium receptor
    • Ritter CS, Finch JL, Slatopolsky EA, Brown AJ: Parathyroid hyperplasia in uremic rats precedes down-regulation of the calcium receptor. Kidney Int 60: 1737-1744, 2001
    • (2001) Kidney Int , vol.60 , pp. 1737-1744
    • Ritter, C.S.1    Finch, J.L.2    Slatopolsky, E.A.3    Brown, A.J.4
  • 36
    • 4644231530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
    • Moe SM, Chen NX: Pathophysiology of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Circ Res 95: 560-567, 2004
    • (2004) Circ Res , vol.95 , pp. 560-567
    • Moe, S.M.1    Chen, N.X.2
  • 37
    • 39049096394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
    • Moe SM, Chen NX: Mechanisms of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 19: 213-216, 2008
    • (2008) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.19 , pp. 213-216
    • Moe, S.M.1    Chen, N.X.2
  • 38
    • 33847223412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality effect of coronary calcification and phosphate binder choice in incident hemodialysis patients
    • Block GA, Raggi P, Bellasi A, Kooienga L, Spiegel DM: Mortality effect of coronary calcification and phosphate binder choice in incident hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 71: 438-441, 2007
    • (2007) Kidney Int , vol.71 , pp. 438-441
    • Block, G.A.1    Raggi, P.2    Bellasi, A.3    Kooienga, L.4    Spiegel, D.M.5
  • 39
    • 20844433032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetuin-A and extraosseous calcification in uremia
    • Ketteler M: Fetuin-A and extraosseous calcification in uremia. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 14: 337-342, 2005
    • (2005) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.14 , pp. 337-342
    • Ketteler, M.1
  • 40
    • 77952996999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whooley MA, Ix JH: The associations of fibroblast growth factor 23 and uncarboxy-lated matrix Gla protein with mortality in coronary artery disease: The Heart and Soul Study
    • Parker BD, Schurgers LJ, Brandenburg VM, Christenson RH, Vermeer C, Ketteler M, Shlipak MG, Whooley MA, Ix JH: The associations of fibroblast growth factor 23 and uncarboxy-lated matrix Gla protein with mortality in coronary artery disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Ann Intern Med 152: 640-648, 2010
    • (2010) Ann Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 640-648
    • Parker, B.D.1    Schurgers, L.J.2    Brandenburg, V.M.3    Christenson, R.H.4    Vermeer, C.5    Ketteler, M.6    Shlipak, M.G.7
  • 41
    • 83055172414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease
    • K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 42: S1- S201, 2003
    • (2003) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.42
  • 42
    • 68949114585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD)
    • KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl 113: S1-S130, 2009
    • (2009) Kidney Int Suppl , vol.113
  • 43
    • 0345689417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of secondary hyperpara-thyroidism: The importance and the challenge of controlling parathyroid hormone levels without elevating calcium, phosphorus, and calcium-phosphorus product
    • Moe SM, Drueke TB: Management of secondary hyperpara-thyroidism: The importance and the challenge of controlling parathyroid hormone levels without elevating calcium, phosphorus, and calcium-phosphorus product. Am J Nephrol 23: 369-379, 2003
    • (2003) Am J Nephrol , vol.23 , pp. 369-379
    • Moe, S.M.1    Drueke, T.B.2
  • 45
    • 0017636882 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal Ca and phosphate transport: Differential responses to vitamin D3 metabolites
    • Walling MW: Intestinal Ca and phosphate transport: Differential responses to vitamin D3 metabolites. Am J Physiol 233: E488-E494, 1977
    • (1977) Am J Physiol , vol.233
    • Walling, M.W.1
  • 47
    • 0037378444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pari-calcitol versus calcitriol in the treatment of secondary hyper-parathyroidism
    • Sprague SM, Llach F, Amdahl M, Taccetta C, Batlle D: Pari-calcitol versus calcitriol in the treatment of secondary hyper-parathyroidism. Kidney Int 63: 1483-1490, 2003
    • (2003) Kidney Int , vol.63 , pp. 1483-1490
    • Sprague, S.M.1    Llach, F.2    Amdahl, M.3    Taccetta, C.4    Batlle, D.5
  • 48
    • 0024551639 scopus 로고
    • 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 inhibits parathyroid cell proliferation in experimental uremia
    • Szabo A, Merke J, Beier E, Mall G, Ritz E: 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 inhibits parathyroid cell proliferation in experimental uremia. Kidney Int 35: 1049-1056, 1989
    • (1989) Kidney Int , vol.35 , pp. 1049-1056
    • Szabo, A.1    Merke, J.2    Beier, E.3    Mall, G.4    Ritz, E.5
  • 52
    • 0029091472 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of calcitriol receptor binding to vitamin D response elements by uremic toxins
    • Patel SR, Ke HQ, Vanholder R, Koenig RJ, Hsu CH: Inhibition of calcitriol receptor binding to vitamin D response elements by uremic toxins. J Clin Invest 96: 50-59, 1995
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 50-59
    • Patel, S.R.1    Ke, H.Q.2    Vanholder, R.3    Koenig, R.J.4    Hsu, C.H.5
  • 53
    • 0027983607 scopus 로고
    • Serial evaluation of parathyroid size by ultrasonography is another useful marker for the long-term prognosis of calcitriol pulse therapy in chronic dialysis patients
    • Fukagawa M, Kitaoka M, Yi H, Fukuda N, Matsumoto T, Ogata E, Kurokawa K: Serial evaluation of parathyroid size by ultrasonography is another useful marker for the long-term prognosis of calcitriol pulse therapy in chronic dialysis patients. Nephron 68: 221-228, 1994
    • (1994) Nephron , vol.68 , pp. 221-228
    • Fukagawa, M.1    Kitaoka, M.2    Yi, H.3    Fukuda, N.4    Matsumoto, T.5    Ogata, E.6    Kurokawa, K.7
  • 55
    • 0027217909 scopus 로고
    • Decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor density is associated with a more severe form of parathyroid hyperplasia in chronic uremic patients
    • Fukuda N, Tanaka H, Tominaga Y, Fukagawa M, Kurokawa K, Seino Y: Decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor density is associated with a more severe form of parathyroid hyperplasia in chronic uremic patients. J Clin Invest 92: 1436-1443, 1993
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 1436-1443
    • Fukuda, N.1    Tanaka, H.2    Tominaga, Y.3    Fukagawa, M.4    Kurokawa, K.5    Seino, Y.6
  • 57
    • 33947230704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of heart size and blood pressure in the vitamin D receptor knockout mouse
    • Simpson RU, Hershey SH, Nibbelink KA: Characterization of heart size and blood pressure in the vitamin D receptor knockout mouse. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 103: 521-524, 2007
    • (2007) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.103 , pp. 521-524
    • Simpson, R.U.1    Hershey, S.H.2    Nibbelink, K.A.3
  • 58
    • 46249115642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium-independent and 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in 1alpha-hydroxylase knockout mice
    • Zhou C, Lu F, Cao K, Xu D, Goltzman D, Miao D: Calcium-independent and 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in 1alpha-hydroxylase knockout mice. Kidney Int 74: 170-179, 2008
    • (2008) Kidney Int , vol.74 , pp. 170-179
    • Zhou, C.1    Lu, F.2    Cao, K.3    Xu, D.4    Goltzman, D.5    Miao, D.6
  • 61
    • 0042343804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with parical-citol or calcitriol therapy
    • Teng M, Wolf M, Lowrie E, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM, Thadhani R: Survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with parical-citol or calcitriol therapy. N Engl J Med 349: 446-456, 2003
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 446-456
    • Teng, M.1    Wolf, M.2    Lowrie, E.3    Ofsthun, N.4    Lazarus, J.M.5    Thadhani, R.6
  • 64
    • 0025224043 scopus 로고
    • Etiology of hypercalcemia in hemodi-alysis patients on calcium carbonate therapy
    • Meric F, Yap P, Bia MJ: Etiology of hypercalcemia in hemodi-alysis patients on calcium carbonate therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 16: 459-464, 1990
    • (1990) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.16 , pp. 459-464
    • Meric, F.1    Yap, P.2    Bia, M.J.3
  • 67
    • 39349094529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcomes in secondary hyperparathyroidism and the role of calcimimetics
    • Cunningham J, Floege J, London G, Rodriguez M, Shanahan CM: Clinical outcomes in secondary hyperparathyroidism and the role of calcimimetics. NDT Plus 1: i29-i35, 2008
    • (2008) NDT Plus , vol.1
    • Cunningham, J.1    Floege, J.2    London, G.3    Rodriguez, M.4    Shanahan, C.M.5
  • 70
    • 58149334973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cinacalcet HCl and concurrent low-dose vitamin D improves treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients compared with vitamin D alone: The ACHIEVE study results
    • Fishbane S, Shapiro WB, Corry DB, Vicks SL, Roppolo M, Rappaport K, Ling X, Goodman WG, Turner S, Charytan C: Cinacalcet HCl and concurrent low-dose vitamin D improves treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients compared with vitamin D alone: The ACHIEVE study results. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3: 1718-1725, 2008
    • (2008) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 1718-1725
    • Fishbane, S.1    Shapiro, W.B.2    Corry, D.B.3    Vicks, S.L.4    Roppolo, M.5    Rappaport, K.6    Ling, X.7    Goodman, W.G.8    Turner, S.9    Charytan, C.10
  • 72
    • 12344277590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cinacalcet HCl attenuates parathyroid hyperplasia in a rat model of secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • Colloton M, Shatzen E, Miller G, Stehman-Breen C, Wada M, Lacey D, Martin D: Cinacalcet HCl attenuates parathyroid hyperplasia in a rat model of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 67: 467-476, 2005
    • (2005) Kidney Int , vol.67 , pp. 467-476
    • Colloton, M.1    Shatzen, E.2    Miller, G.3    Stehman-Breen, C.4    Wada, M.5    Lacey, D.6    Martin, D.7
  • 73
    • 0027639128 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying the regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro
    • Brown EM: Mechanisms underlying the regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro. Curr Opin Neph-rol Hypertens 2: 541-551, 1993
    • (1993) Curr Opin Neph-rol Hypertens , vol.2 , pp. 541-551
    • Brown, E.M.1
  • 75
    • 65649119707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The calcium-sensing receptor regulates parathyroid hormone gene expression in transfected HEK293 cells
    • Galitzer H, Lavi-Moshayoff V, Nechama M, Meir T, Silver J, Naveh-Many T: The calcium-sensing receptor regulates parathyroid hormone gene expression in transfected HEK293 cells. BMC Biol 7: 17, 2009
    • (2009) BMC Biol , vol.7 , pp. 17
    • Galitzer, H.1    Lavi-Moshayoff, V.2    Nechama, M.3    Meir, T.4    Silver, J.5    Naveh-Many, T.6
  • 76
    • 78249270959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cinacalcet effectively reduces parathyroid hormone secretion and gland volume regardless of pretreatment gland size in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • Komaba H, Nakanishi S, Fujimori A, Tanaka M, Shin J, Shibuya K, Nishioka M, Hasegawa H, Kurosawa T, Fukagawa M: Cinacalcet effectively reduces parathyroid hormone secretion and gland volume regardless of pretreatment gland size in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5: 2305-2314, 2010
    • (2010) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.5 , pp. 2305-2314
    • Komaba, H.1    Nakanishi, S.2    Fujimori, A.3    Tanaka, M.4    Shin, J.5    Shibuya, K.6    Nishioka, M.7    Hasegawa, H.8    Kurosawa, T.9    Fukagawa, M.10
  • 77
    • 60749125511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with cinacalcet and conventional therapy reduces parathyroid hy-perplasia in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • Meola M, Petrucci I, Barsotti G: Long-term treatment with cinacalcet and conventional therapy reduces parathyroid hy-perplasia in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 982-989, 2009
    • (2009) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.24 , pp. 982-989
    • Meola, M.1    Petrucci, I.2    Barsotti, G.3
  • 79
    • 46849091357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined therapy with cinacalcet and low doses of vitamin D sterols in patients with moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • Block GA, Zeig S, Sugihara J, Chertow GM, Chi EM, Turner SA, Bushinsky DA: Combined therapy with cinacalcet and low doses of vitamin D sterols in patients with moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 2311-2318, 2008
    • (2008) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.23 , pp. 2311-2318
    • Block, G.A.1    Zeig, S.2    Sugihara, J.3    Chertow, G.M.4    Chi, E.M.5    Turner, S.A.6    Bushinsky, D.A.7
  • 85
    • 0038691682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of direct injection of calcitriol into the parathyroid glands in uraemic patients with moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • Nakanishi S, Yano S, Nomura R, Tsukamoto T, Shimizu Y, Shin J, Fukagawa M: Efficacy of direct injection of calcitriol into the parathyroid glands in uraemic patients with moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 18: iii47-iii49, 2003
    • (2003) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.18
    • Nakanishi, S.1    Yano, S.2    Nomura, R.3    Tsukamoto, T.4    Shimizu, Y.5    Shin, J.6    Fukagawa, M.7
  • 86
    • 44649151279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does vitamin D receptor and calcium receptor activation therapy play a role in the histopathologic alterations of parathyroid glands in refractory uremic hyperparathyroidism?
    • Lomonte C, Vernaglione L, Chimienti D, Bruno A, Cocola S, Teutonico A, Cazzato F, Basile C: Does vitamin D receptor and calcium receptor activation therapy play a role in the histopathologic alterations of parathyroid glands in refractory uremic hyperparathyroidism? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3: 794-799, 2008
    • (2008) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 794-799
    • Lomonte, C.1    Vernaglione, L.2    Chimienti, D.3    Bruno, A.4    Cocola, S.5    Teutonico, A.6    Cazzato, F.7    Basile, C.8
  • 87
    • 54949121752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in the era of calcimimet-ics
    • Tominaga Y, Matsuoka S, Uno N, Sato T: Parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in the era of calcimimet-ics. Ther Apher Dial 12[Suppl 1]: S21-S26, 2008
    • (2008) Ther Apher Dial , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL.1
    • Tominaga, Y.1    Matsuoka, S.2    Uno, N.3    Sato, T.4
  • 88
    • 68149156541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic total para-thyroidectomy and partial parathyroid tissue autotransplanta-tion for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: A new surgical approach
    • Sun Y, Cai H, Bai J, Zhao H, Miao Y: Endoscopic total para-thyroidectomy and partial parathyroid tissue autotransplanta-tion for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: A new surgical approach. World J Surg 33: 1674-1679, 2009
    • (2009) World J Surg , vol.33 , pp. 1674-1679
    • Sun, Y.1    Cai, H.2    Bai, J.3    Zhao, H.4    Miao, Y.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.