Environment and early evolution of the 8 May 2009 derecho-producing convective system

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 139, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1083-1102

  Coniglio, Michael C ^a   Corfidi, Stephen F ^b   Kain, John S ^a  

^a NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

Convective storms; Derecho; Forecasting; Jets; Mesoscale processes

Indexed keywords

COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS; CONFINED AREAS; CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGIES; CONVECTIVE STORMS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; DATA SETS; DERECHO; INERTIAL INSTABILITY; JET STREAKS; LAPSE RATE; LOW LEVEL JET; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; MEAN VALUES; MEAN-WINDS; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; MESOSCALE FEATURES; MESOSCALE PROCESS; MOUNTAIN WAVE; PRECIPITABLE WATER; THERMODYNAMIC INSTABILITY; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR;

TROPOSPHERE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

STORMS;

ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; JET FLOW; MESOSCALE EDDY; STORM; THERMODYNAMICS; TROPOSPHERE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 79955135692     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2010MWR3413.1     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Adams-Selin, R. D., and R. H. Johnson, 2010: Mesoscale surface pressure and temperature features associated with bow echoes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 212-227.
2. Atkins, N. T., and M. St. Laurent, 2009: Bow echo mesovortices. Part I: Processes that influence their damaging potential. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1497-1513.
3. Benjamin, S. G., and Coauthors, 2004: An hourly assimilation-forecast cycle: The RUC. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 495-518.
4. Bentley, M. L., and J. M. Sparks, 2003: A 15 yr climatology of derecho-producing mesoscale convective systems over the central and eastern United States. Climate Res., 24, 129-139.
5. Blackadar, A. K., 1957: Boundary layer wind maxima and their significance for the growth of nocturnal inversions. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 38, 283-290.
6. Blanchard, D. O., W. R. Cotton, and J. M. Brown, 1998: Mesoscale circulation growth under conditions of weak inertial instability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 118-140.
7. Bluestein, H. B., and M. H. Jain, 1985: Formation of mesoscale lines of precipitation: Severe squall lines in Oklahoma during the spring. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1711-1732.
8. Bonner, W. D., 1968: Climatology of the low-level jet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 833-850.
9. Bryan, G. H., D. A. Ahijevych, C. Davis, S. B. Trier, and M. L. Weisman, 2005: Observations of cold pool properties inmesoscale convective systems during BAMEX. Preprints, 32nd Conf. on Mesoscale Meteorology/11th Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., JP5J.12. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/96718.pdf.].
10. Bryan, G. H, J. C. Knievel, and M. D. Parker, 2006: A multimodel assessment of RKW theory's relevance to squall-line characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2772-2792.
11. Burke, P. C., and D. M. Schultz, 2004: A 4-yr climatology of coldseason bow echoes over the continental United States. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 1061-1074.
12. Cohen, A. E., M. C. Coniglio, S. F. Corfidi, and S. J. Corfidi, 2007: Discrimination of mesoscale convective system environments using sounding observations. Wea. Forecasting, 22, 1045-1062.
13. Coniglio, M. C., and D. J. Stensrud, 2004: Interpreting the climatology of derechos. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 595-605.
14. Coniglio, M. C., D. J. Stensrud, and M. B. Richman, 2004: An observational study of derecho-producing convective systems. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 320-337.
15. Coniglio, M. C., D. J. Stensrud, and L. J. Wicker, 2006: Effects of upper-level shear on the structure and maintenance of strong quasi-linear convective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1231-1252.
16. Coniglio, M. C, J. Y. Hwang, and D. J. Stensrud, 2010: Environmental factors in the upscale growth and longevity of MCSs derived from RapidUpdate Cycle analyses. Mon.Wea. Rev., 138, 3514-3539.
17. Corfidi, S. F., 2003: Cold pools and MCS propagation: Forecasting the motion of downwind-developing MCSs. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 997-1017.
18. Cotton, W. R., M. S. Lin, R. L. McAnelly, and C. J. Tremback, 1989: A composite model of mesoscale convective complexes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 765-783.
19. Davis, C. A., and S. B. Trier, 2007: Mesoscale convective vortices observed during BAMEX. Part I: Kinematic and thermodynamic structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2029-2049.
20. Durran, D. R., 1986: Mountain waves. Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting, P. S. Ray, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 472-492.
21. Emanuel, K. A., 1979: Inertial instability and mesoscale convective systems. Part I: Linear theory of inertial instability in rotating viscous fluids. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 2425-2449.
22. Engerer, N. A., D. J. Stensrud, and M. C. Coniglio, 2008: Surface characteristics of observed cold pools. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 4839-4849.
23. Evans, J. S., and C. A. Doswell III, 2001: Examination of derecho environments using proximity soundings. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 329-342.
24. French, A. J., and M. D. Parker, 2010: The response of simulated nocturnal convective systems to a developing low-level jet. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3384-3408.
25. Fujita, T. T., 1978: Manual of downburst identification for Project NIMROD. SMRP Research Paper 156, University of Chicago, 104 pp.
26. Houze, R. A., Jr., S. A. Rutledge, M. I. Biggerstaff, and B. F. Smull, 1989: Interpretation of Doppler weather radar displays of midlatitude mesoscale convective systems. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 70, 608-619.
27. James, R. P., and P. M. Markowski, 2010: A numerical investigation of the effects of dry air aloft on deep convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 140-161.
28. James, R. P, J. M. Fritsch, and P. M. Markowski, 2005: Environmental distinctions between cellular and slabular convective lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 2669-2691.
29. Jirak, I. L., and W. R. Cotton, 2003: Satellite and radar survey of mesoscale convective system development. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2428-2449.
30. Johns, R. H., 1993: Meteorological conditions associated with bow echo development in convective storms. Wea. Forecasting, 8, 294-299.
31. Johns, R. H, and W. D. Hirt, 1987: Derechos: Widespread convectively induced windstorms. Wea. Forecasting, 2, 32-49.
32. Laing, A. G., and J. M. Fritsch, 2000: The large-scale environments of the global populations of mesoscale convective complexes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2756-2776.
33. Maddox, R. A., 1983: Large-scale conditions associated with midlatitude, mesoscale convective complexes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1475-1493.
34. Mahoney, K. M., G. M. Lackmann, and M. D. Parker, 2009: The role of momentum transport in the motion of a quasiidealized mesoscale convective system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 3316-3338.
35. McAnelly,R.L., J. E. Nachamkin, W. R.Cotton, andM. E. Nicholls, 1997: Upscale evolution of MCSs: Doppler radar analysis and analytical investigation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1083-1110.
36. McNider, R. T., and R. A. Pielke, 1981: Diurnal boundary-layer development over sloping terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2198-2212.
37. Miller, D. J., and R. H. Johns, 2000: A detailed look at extreme wind damage in derecho events. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 52-55.
38. Orlanski, I., 1975: A rational sub-division of scales for atmospheric processes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 56, 527-530.
39. Parker, M. D., 2008: Response of simulated squall lines to low-level cooling. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1323-1341.
40. Parker, M. D, and R. H. Johnson, 2000: Organizational modes of midlatitude mesoscale convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3413-3436.
41. Parker, M. D, and R. H. Johnson, 2004: Structures and dynamics of quasi-2D mesoscale convective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 545-567.
42. Richardson, Y. P., K. K. Droegemeier, and R. P. Davies-Jones, 2007: The influence of horizontal environmental variability on numerically simulated convective storms. Part I: Variations in vertical shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3429-3455.
43. Rotunno, R., J. B. Klemp, and M. L. Weisman, 1988: A theory for strong, long-lived squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 463-485.
44. Schultz, D. M., and P. N. Schumacher, 1999: The use and misuse of conditional symmetric instability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2709-2732; Corrigendum, 128, 1573.
45. Schultz, D. M, and J. A. Knox, 2007: Banded convection caused by frontogenesis in a conditionally, symmetrically, and inertically unstable environment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2095-2110.
46. Seman, C. J., 1994: A numerical study of nonlinear nonhydrostatic conditional symmetric instability in a convectively unstable atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1352-1371.
47. Stensrud, D. J., M. C. Coniglio, R. P. Davies-Jones, and J. S. Evans, 2005: Comments on "'A theory for strong long-lived squall lines' revisited." J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2989-2996.
48. Szoke, E., M. Weisman, J. Brown, F. Caracena, and T. Schlatter, 1984: A subsynoptic analysis of the Denver tornadoes of 3 June 1981. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 790-808.
49. Trier, S. B., C. A. Davis, D. A. Ahijevych, M. L. Weisman, and G. H. Bryan, 2006: Mechanisms supporting long-lived episodes of propagating nocturnal convection within a 7-dayWRFmodel simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2437-2461.
50. Tuttle, J. D., and C. A. Davis, 2006: Corridors of warm season precipitation in the central United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2297-2317.
51. Uccellini, L. W., and D. R. Johnson, 1979: The coupling of upper and lower tropospheric jet streaks and implications for the development of severe convective storms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 682-703.
52. Vasiloff, S. V., and Coauthors, 2007: Improving QPE and very short term QPF: An initiative for a community-wide integrated approach. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 1899-1911.
53. Weisman, M. L., 1993: The genesis of severe, long-lived bow echoes. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 645-670.
54. Weisman, M. L, and R. Rotunno, 2004: "A theory for strong, long-lived squall lines" revisted. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 361-382.
55. Wheatley, D. M., R. J. Trapp, and N. T. Atkins, 2006: Radar and damage analysis of severe bow echoes during BAMEX. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 791-806.
56. Zipser, E. J., 1982: Use of a conceptual model of the life cycle of mesoscale convective systems to improve very-short-range forecasts. Nowcasting, K. Browning, Ed., Academic Press, 191-221.