Mesoscale surface pressure and temperature features associated with bow echoes

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 138, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 212-227

  Adams Selin, Rebecca D ^a   Johnson, Richard H ^a  

^a Department of Mechanical Engineering   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOW ECHOES; COLD POOL; CONCEPTUAL MODEL; GRAVITY CURRENTS; HIGH RESOLUTION; MESOSCALE; OKLAHOMA; PRESSURE RISE; PRESSURE SURGES; RADAR REFLECTIVITIES; REPRESENTATIVE CASE; SQUALL LINES; SURFACE DATA; SURFACE FEATURE; SURFACE PATTERN; SURFACE PRESSURES; SURFACE WINDS; SYSTEM MOTION; TEMPERATURE DROPS; TEMPORAL FILTERING;

HYDRODYNAMICS; LAKES; STORMS; WAVES;

GRAVITY WAVES;

COLD POOL; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; DATA SET; ECHO SOUNDING; GRAVITY WAVE; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; SQUALL LINE; SURFACE PRESSURE; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WIND DIRECTION;

OKLAHOMA [UNITED STATES]; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77953184832     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009MWR2892.1     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Barnes, S. L., 1973: Mesoscale objective analysis using weighted time-series observations. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL NSSL-62, National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, 60 pp. [NTIS COM-73-10781.]
2. Brock, F. V., K. C. Crawford, R. L. Elliott, G. W. Cuperus, S. J. Stadler, H. L. Johnson, and M. D. Eilts, 1995: The Oklahoma Mesonet: A technical overview. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 5-19.
3. Bryan, G. H., and M. L. Weisman, 2006: Mechanisms for the production of severe surface winds in a simulation of an elevated convective system. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, St. Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 7.5.
4. Bryan, G. H., D. A. Ahijevych, C. Davis, S. B. Trier, and M. Weisman, 2005: Observations of cold pool properties in mesoscale convective systems during BAMEX. Preprints, 11th Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., JP5J.12.
5. Charba, J., 1974: Application of gravity current model to analysis of squall-line gust front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 102, 140-156.
6. Cressman, G. P., 1959: An operational objective analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 87, 367-374.
7. Duchon, C. E., 1979: Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 1016-1022.
8. Engerer, N. A., D. J. Stendsrud, and M. C. Coniglio, 2008: Surface characteristics of observed cold pools. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 4839-4849.
9. Evans, J. S., and C. A. Doswell, 2001: Examination of derecho environments using proximity soundings. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 329-342.
10. Fovell, R. G., 2002: Upstream influence of numerically simulated squall-line storms. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 893-912.
11. Fujita, T. T., 1955: Results of detailed synoptic studies of squall lines. Tellus, 7, 405-436.
12. Fujita, T. T., 1978: Manual of downburst identification for project NIMROD.SMRPResearch Paper 156, University of Chicago, 104 pp. [NTIX PB-28604801.]
13. Gallus, W. A., Jr., and R. H. Johnson, 1991: Heat and moisture budgets of an intense midlatitude squall line. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 122-146.
14. Glickman, T. S., Ed., 2000: Glossary of Meteorology. 2nd ed. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 855 pp.
15. Haertel, P. T., and R. H. Johnson, 2000: The linear dynamics of squall linemesohighs and wake lows. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 93-107.
16. Haertel, P. T., R. H. Johnson, and S. N. Tulich, 2001: Some simple simulations of thunderstorm outflows. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 504-516.
17. Hilgendorf, E., and R. Johnson, 1998: A study of the evolution of mesoscale convective systems using WSR-88D data. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 437-452.
18. Houze, R. A., M. I. Biggerstaff, S. A. Rutledge, and B. F. Smull, 1989: Interpretation of Doppler weather radar displays of midltatiude mesoscale convective systems. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 70, 608-619.
19. Houze, R. A, B. F. Smull, and P. Dodge, 1990: Mesoscale organization of springtime rainstorms in Oklahoma. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 613-654.
20. Hoxit, L. R., C. F. Chappel, and J. M. Fritsch, 1976: Formation of mesolows or pressure troughs in advance of cumulonimbus clouds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 1419-1428.
21. Jorgensen,D. P.,H. V.Murphey, and R. M. Wakimoto, 2004: Rearinflowevolution in a non-severe bowecho observed by airborne Doppler radar during BAMEX. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 4.6.
22. Johns, R. H., and W. D. Hirt, 1987: Derechos: Widespread convectively induced windstorms. Wea. Forecasting, 2, 32-49.
23. Johnson, B. C., 1983: The heat burst of 29 May 1976. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1776-1792.
24. Johnson, R. H., and P. J. Hamilton, 1988: The relationship of surface pressure features to the precipitation and air flow structure of an intense midlatitude squall line. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1444-1472.
25. Klemp, J. B., 1994: On the dynamics of gravity currents in a channel. J. Fluid Mech., 269, 169-198.
26. Klimowski, B. A., 1994: Initiation and development of rear inflow within the June 28-29 North Dakota mesoconvective system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 765-779.
27. Klimowski, B. A., R. Przybylinski, G. Schmocker, and M. R. Hjelmfelt, 2000: Observations of the formation and early evolution of bow echoes. Preprints, 20th Conf. of Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 44-47.
28. Klimowski, B. A., M. J. Bunkers, M. R. Hjelmfelt, and J. N. Covert, 2003: Severe convective windstorms over the northern high plains of the United States. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 502-519.
29. Knievel, J. C., and R. H. Johnson, 1998: Pressure transients withMCS mesohighs and wake lows. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1907-1930.
30. Lafore, J.-P., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1989:Anumerical investigation of the organization and interaction of the convective and stratiform regions of tropical squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3144-3176.
31. Loehrer, S. M., and R. H. Johnson, 1995: Surface pressure and precipitation life cycle characteristics of PRE-STORM mesoscale convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 600-621.
32. Mapes, B. E., 1993: Gregarious tropical convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2026-2037.
33. Nicholls, M. E., R. A. Pielke, and W. R. Cotton, 1991: Thermally forced gravity waves in an atmosphere at rest. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1869-1884.
34. Nuss, W. A., and D. W. Titley, 1994: Use of multiquadric interpolation for meteorological objective analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1611-1631.
35. Pandya, R. E., and D. R. Durran, 1996: The influence of convectively generated thermal forcing on the mesoscale circulation around squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2924-2951.
36. Parker, M. D., 2008: Response of simulated squall lines to low-level cooling. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1323-1341.
37. Parker, M. D., and R. H. Johnson, 2000: Organizational modes of midlatitude convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3413-3436.
38. Parker, M. D., and J. C. Knievel, 2005: Do meteorologists suppress thunderstorms?: Radar-derived statistics and the behavior of moist convection. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86, 341-358.
39. Przybylinski, R., 1995: The bow echo: Observations, numerical simulations, and severe weather detection methods. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 203-218.
40. Rotunno, F., J. B. Klemp, and M. L. Weisman, 1988: A theory for strong, long-lived squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 463-485.
41. Schmidt, J. M., and W. R. Cotton, 1990: Interactions between upper and lower tropospheric gravity waves on squall line structure and maintenance. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1205-1222.
42. Skamarock, W., M. Weisman, and J. Klemp, 1994: Threedimensional evolution of simulated long-lived squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2563-2584.
43. Smull, B. F., and R. A. Houze, 1987: Rear inflow in squall lines with trailing stratiform precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2869-2889.
44. Stumpf, G., R. Johnson, and B. Smull, 1991: The wake low in a midlatitude mesoscale convective system having complex organization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 134-158.
45. Trapp, R. J., and M. Weisman, 2003: Low-level mesovortices within squall lines and bow echoes. Part II: Their genesis and implications. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2804-2823.
46. Wakimoto, R. M., 1982: Life cycle of thunderstorm gust fronts as viewed with Doppler radar and rawinsonde data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1060-1082.
47. Wakimoto, R. M., H. V. Murphey, C. A. Davis, and N. T. Atkins, 2006a: High winds generated by bow echoes. Part I: Overview of the Omaha bow echo 5 July 2003 storm during BAMEX. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2793-2812.
48. Wakimoto, R., H. Murphey, C. Davis, and N. Atkins, 2006b: High winds generated by bow echoes. Part II: The relationship between the mesovortices and damaging straight-line winds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2813-2829.
49. Weisman, M., 1992: The role of convectively generated rear-inflow jets in the evolution of long-lived mesoconvective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1826-1847.
50. Weisman, M., 1993: The genesis of severe, long-lived bow echoes. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 645-670.
51. Weisman, M., and R. J. Trapp, 2003: Low-level mesovortices within squall lines and bow echoes. Part I: Overview and dependence on environmental shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2779-2803.