메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 193-208

Endoto xins and β-glucans as markers of microbiological contamination - Characteristics, detection, and environmental exposure

Author keywords

glucans; Biological activity; Detection; Endotoxins; Environmental exposure; Hygienic standards; Structure

Indexed keywords

BETA GLUCAN; ENDOTOXIN;

EID: 79955026644     PISSN: 12321966     EISSN: 18982263     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (39)

References (194)
  • 1
    • 79956336833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC Glucatell: Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.: Pyroquant Diagnostik GmbH. Instruction for Use GLUCATELL. Beta-(1,3)-D-glucan Detection Reagent Kit. Cat. No. GT002. ACC, Falmouth
    • ACC Glucatell: Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.: Pyroquant Diagnostik GmbH. Instruction for Use GLUCATELL. Beta-(1,3)-D-glucan Detection Reagent Kit. Cat. No. GT002. ACC, Falmouth 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 2
    • 79956328561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC Limulus: Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.: Limulus Amebocyte Lysate CHROMO-LAL for the Detection and Quantitation of Gram-negative Bacterial Endotoxins (Lipopolysaccharides). Cat. No. C0031. ACC, Falmouth
    • ACC Limulus: Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.: Limulus Amebocyte Lysate CHROMO-LAL for the Detection and Quantitation of Gram-negative Bacterial Endotoxins (Lipopolysaccharides). Cat. No. C0031. ACC, Falmouth 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 3
    • 44649198561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid A and liposomes containing lipid A as antigens and adjuvants
    • Alving CR, Rao M: Lipid A and liposomes containing lipid A as antigens and adjuvants. Vaccine 2008, 26, 3036-3045.
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.26 , pp. 3036-3045
    • Alving, C.R.1    Rao, M.2
  • 4
    • 35948972112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 on tumor cells in vitro inhibits subsequent tumor growth in vivo
    • Andreani V, Gatti G, Simonella L, Rivero V, Maccioni M: Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 on tumor cells in vitro inhibits subsequent tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res 2007, 67, 10519-10527.
    • (2007) Cancer Res , vol.67 , pp. 10519-10527
    • Andreani, V.1    Gatti, G.2    Simonella, L.3    Rivero, V.4    Maccioni, M.5
  • 5
    • 40549129994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated levels of β-D-glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with farmer's lung in Miyazaki, Japan
    • Ashitani J, Kyoraku Y, Yanagi S, Matsumoto N, Nakazato M: Elevated levels of β-D-glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with farmer's lung in Miyazaki, Japan. Respiration 2008, 75, 182-188.
    • (2008) Respiration , vol.75 , pp. 182-188
    • Ashitani, J.1    Kyoraku, Y.2    Yanagi, S.3    Matsumoto, N.4    Nakazato, M.5
  • 7
    • 4444236058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses of airborne contamination with bacteria, endotoxins and dust in livestock barns and poultry houses
    • Bakutis B, Monstviliene E, Januskeviciene G: Analyses of airborne contamination with bacteria, endotoxins and dust in livestock barns and poultry houses. Acta Vet (Brno) 2004, 73, 283-289.
    • (2004) Acta Vet (Brno) , vol.73 , pp. 283-289
    • Bakutis, B.1    Monstviliene, E.2    Januskeviciene, G.3
  • 8
    • 84961014004 scopus 로고
    • A bacterial disease of Limulus polyphemus
    • Bang FB: A bacterial disease of Limulus polyphemus. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1956, 98, 325-351.
    • (1956) Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp , vol.98 , pp. 325-351
    • Bang, F.B.1
  • 9
    • 0035999165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects after inhalation of (1→3)- β-D-glucan and relation to mould exposure in the home
    • Beijer L, Thorn J, Rylander R: Effects after inhalation of (1→3)- β-D-glucan and relation to mould exposure in the home. Mediat Inflamm 2002, 11, 149-153.
    • (2002) Mediat Inflamm , vol.11 , pp. 149-153
    • Beijer, L.1    Thorn, J.2    Rylander, R.3
  • 10
    • 0037319219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mould exposure at home relates to inflammatory markers in blood
    • Beijer L, Thorn J, Rylander R: Mould exposure at home relates to inflammatory markers in blood. Eur Respir J 2003, 21, 317-322.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.21 , pp. 317-322
    • Beijer, L.1    Thorn, J.2    Rylander, R.3
  • 12
    • 3142763231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxins: Relationships between structure, function, and activity
    • Branderburg K, Wiese A: Endotoxins: relationships between structure, function, and activity. Curr Top Med Chem 2004, 4, 1127-1146.
    • (2004) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.4 , pp. 1127-1146
    • Branderburg, K.1    Wiese, A.2
  • 16
    • 0025078306 scopus 로고
    • Toxic risks from inhalation of bacterial endotoxin
    • Burrell R, Ye SH: Toxic risks from inhalation of bacterial endotoxin. Br J Ind Med 1990, 47, 688-691.
    • (1990) Br J Ind Med , vol.47 , pp. 688-691
    • Burrell, R.1    Ye, S.H.2
  • 18
    • 79956307004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambrex: Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Kinetic-QCL. Cat. No. 50-650. Cambrex, Walkersville
    • Cambrex: Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Kinetic-QCL. Cat. No. 50-650. Cambrex, Walkersville 2008.
    • (2008)
  • 19
    • 0023260766 scopus 로고
    • Inhaled endotoxin and decreased spirometric values. An exposure-response relation for cotton dust
    • Castellan RM, Olenchock SA, Kinsley KB, Hankinson JL: Inhaled endotoxin and decreased spirometric values. An exposure-response relation for cotton dust. N Eng J Med 1987, 317, 605-610.
    • (1987) N Eng J Med , vol.317 , pp. 605-610
    • Castellan, R.M.1    Olenchock, S.A.2    Kinsley, K.B.3    Hankinson, J.L.4
  • 20
    • 38949185583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reckoning recombinant Factor C
    • Chen L: Reckoning recombinant Factor C. Pharm Formulation Quality 2006, 7, 58-60.
    • (2006) Pharm Formulation Quality , vol.7 , pp. 58-60
    • Chen, L.1
  • 22
    • 0023028226 scopus 로고
    • Report on prevention and control. proceedings of an international workshop "health effects of organic dusts in the farm environment" held in Skokloster, Sweden, April 23-25, 1985
    • Clark CS: Report on prevention and control. Proceedings of an International Workshop "Health Effects of Organic Dusts in the Farm Environment" held in Skokloster, Sweden, April 23-25, 1985. Am J Ind Med 1985, 10, 267-273.
    • (1985) Am J Ind Med , vol.10 , pp. 267-273
    • Clark, C.S.1
  • 23
    • 80052374830 scopus 로고
    • A wealth of options, choosing an LAL test method
    • Dawson ME: A wealth of options, choosing an LAL test method. LAL Update 1995, 13, 1-6.
    • (1995) LAL Update , vol.13 , pp. 1-6
    • Dawson, M.E.1
  • 25
    • 0026081973 scopus 로고
    • Biophysical alteration of lung surfactant by extracts of cotton dust
    • DeLucca AJ, Brogden KA, Catalano EA, Morris NM: Biophysical alteration of lung surfactant by extracts of cotton dust. Br J Ind Med 1991, 48, 41-47.
    • (1991) Br J Ind Med , vol.48 , pp. 41-47
    • Delucca, A.J.1    Brogden, K.A.2    Catalano, E.A.3    Morris, N.M.4
  • 26
  • 27
    • 75149167049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swine confinement buildings: Effects of airborne particles and settled dust on airway smooth muscles
    • Demanche A, Bønløkke J, Beaulieu MJ, Assayag E, Cormier Y: Swine confinement buildings: effects of airborne particles and settled dust on airway smooth muscles. Ann Agric Environ Med 2009, 16, 233-238.
    • (2009) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.16 , pp. 233-238
    • Demanche, A.1    Bønløkke, J.2    Beaulieu, M.J.3    Assayag, E.4    Cormier, Y.5
  • 28
    • 0033430975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin exposure among softwood lumber mill workers in the Canadian province of British Columbia
    • Dennekamp M, Demers PA, Bartlett K, Davies H, Teschke K: Endotoxin exposure among softwood lumber mill workers in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Ann Agric Environ Med 1999, 6, 141-146.
    • (1999) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.6 , pp. 141-146
    • Dennekamp, M.1    Demers, P.A.2    Bartlett, K.3    Davies, H.4    Teschke, K.5
  • 29
    • 0022405075 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the sensitivity and specificity of the Limulus amebocyte lysate test and rabbit pyrogen assays
    • Devleeschouwer MJ, Cornil MF, Dony J: Studies on the sensitivity and specificity of the Limulus amebocyte lysate test and rabbit pyrogen assays. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985, 50, 1509-1511.
    • (1985) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 1509-1511
    • Devleeschouwer, M.J.1    Cornil, M.F.2    Dony, J.3
  • 30
    • 0034080645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response relationships between occupational aerosol exposures and cross-shift declines of lung function in poultry workers: Recommendations for exposure limits
    • Donham K, Cumro D, Reynolds SJ, Merchant JA: Dose-response relationships between occupational aerosol exposures and cross-shift declines of lung function in poultry workers: recommendations for exposure limits. J Occup Environ Med 2000, 42, 260-269.
    • (2000) J Occup Environ Med , vol.42 , pp. 260-269
    • Donham, K.1    Cumro, D.2    Reynolds, S.J.3    Merchant, J.A.4
  • 31
    • 0026236480 scopus 로고
    • Association of environmental air contaminants with disease and productivity in swine
    • Donham KJ: Association of environmental air contaminants with disease and productivity in swine. Am J Vet Res 1991, 52, 1723-1730.
    • (1991) Am J Vet Res , vol.52 , pp. 1723-1730
    • Donham, K.J.1
  • 32
    • 19044364596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (1→3)-β-D-glucans and respiratory health: A review of the scientific evidence
    • Douwes J: (1→3)-β-D-glucans and respiratory health: a review of the scientific evidence. Indoor Air 2005, 15, 160-169.
    • (2005) Indoor Air , vol.15 , pp. 160-169
    • Douwes, J.1
  • 34
    • 0029812684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of β(1→3)-glucans in occupational and home environments with an inhibition enzyme immunoassay
    • Douwes J, Doekes G, Montijn R, Heederik D, Brunekreef B: Measurement of β(1→3)-glucans in occupational and home environments with an inhibition enzyme immunoassay. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996, 62, 3176-3182.
    • (1996) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.62 , pp. 3176-3182
    • Douwes, J.1    Doekes, G.2    Montijn, R.3    Heederik, D.4    Brunekreef, B.5
  • 35
    • 0038332043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioaerosol health effects and exposure assessment: Progress and prospects
    • Douwes J, Thorne P, Pearce N, Heederik D: Bioaerosol health effects and exposure assessment: progress and prospects. Ann Occup Hyg 2003, 47, 187-200.
    • (2003) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.47 , pp. 187-200
    • Douwes, J.1    Thorne, P.2    Pearce, N.3    Heederik, D.4
  • 36
    • 70350536637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of extraction, storage, and analysis techniques on the measurement of airborne endotoxin from a large dairy
    • Dungan RS, Leytem AB: The effect of extraction, storage, and analysis techniques on the measurement of airborne endotoxin from a large dairy. Aerobiologia 2009, 25, 265-273.
    • (2009) Aerobiologia , vol.25 , pp. 265-273
    • Dungan, R.S.1    Leytem, A.B.2
  • 37
    • 0002140183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteria and fungi in organic dust as potential health hazard
    • Dutkiewicz J: Bacteria and fungi in organic dust as potential health hazard. Ann Agric Environ Med 1997, 4, 11-16.
    • (1997) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.4 , pp. 11-16
    • Dutkiewicz, J.1
  • 38
    • 0028118751 scopus 로고
    • Bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin as potential agents of occupational hazard in a potato processing plant
    • Dutkiewicz J: Bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin as potential agents of occupational hazard in a potato processing plant. Am J Ind Med 1994, 25, 43-46.
    • (1994) Am J Ind Med , vol.25 , pp. 43-46
    • Dutkiewicz, J.1
  • 40
    • 0033832413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of agricultural workers to airborne microorganisms and endotoxin during handling of various vegetable products
    • Dutkiewicz J, Krysińska-Traczyk E, Skórska C, Sitkowska J, Prazmo Z, Urbanowicz B: Exposure of agricultural workers to airborne microorganisms and endotoxin during handling of various vegetable products. Aerobiologia 2000, 16, 193-198.
    • (2000) Aerobiologia , vol.16 , pp. 193-198
    • Dutkiewicz, J.1    Krysińska-Traczyk, E.2    Skórska, C.3    Sitkowska, J.4    Prazmo, Z.5    Urbanowicz, B.6
  • 43
    • 0035671279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin exposures during potato processing
    • Ewers LM, Tapp LC: Endotoxin exposures during potato processing. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001, 16, 1079-1087.
    • (2001) Appl Occup Environ Hyg , vol.16 , pp. 1079-1087
    • Ewers, L.M.1    Tapp, L.C.2
  • 44
    • 0034807890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of exposure to organic dust in a hemp processing plant
    • Fishwick D, Allan LJ, Wright A, Curran AD: Assessment of exposure to organic dust in a hemp processing plant. Ann Occup Hyg 2001, 45, 577-583.
    • (2001) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.45 , pp. 577-583
    • Fishwick, D.1    Allan, L.J.2    Wright, A.3    Curran, A.D.4
  • 46
    • 0028237776 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary inflammation induced by repeated inhalations of beta-(1,3)-D-glucan and endotoxin
    • Fogelmark B, Sjöstrand M, Rylander R: Pulmonary inflammation induced by repeated inhalations of beta-(1,3)-D-glucan and endotoxin. Int J Exp Pathol 1994, 75, 85-90.
    • (1994) Int J Exp Pathol , vol.75 , pp. 85-90
    • Fogelmark, B.1    Sjöstrand, M.2    Rylander, R.3
  • 48
    • 0034744741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β(1→3)-glucan in house dust of German homes: Housing characteristics, occupant behavior, and relations with endotoxins, allergens, and molds
    • Gehring U, Douwes J, Doekes G, Koch A, Bischof W, Fahlbusch B, Richter K, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J: β(1→3)-glucan in house dust of German homes: housing characteristics, occupant behavior, and relations with endotoxins, allergens, and molds. Environ Health Perspect 2001, 109, 139-144.
    • (2001) Environ Health Perspect , vol.109 , pp. 139-144
    • Gehring, U.1    Douwes, J.2    Doekes, G.3    Koch, A.4    Bischof, W.5    Fahlbusch, B.6    Richter, K.7    Wichmann, H.E.8
  • 49
    • 0034605502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of environmental endotoxin and prevalence of atopic disease [Letter]
    • Gereda JE, Leung DYM, Liu AH: Levels of environmental endotoxin and prevalence of atopic disease [Letter]. JAMA 2000, 284, 1652-1653.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 1652-1653
    • Gereda, J.E.1    Leung, D.Y.M.2    Liu, A.H.3
  • 50
    • 0034643729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between house-dust endotoxin exposure, type 1 T-cell development, and allergen sensitization in infants at high risk of asthma
    • Gereda JE, Leung DYM, Thatayatikom A, Streib JE, Price MR, Klinnert MD, Liu AH: Relation between house-dust endotoxin exposure, type 1 T-cell development, and allergen sensitization in infants at high risk of asthma. Lancet 2000, 355, 1680-1683.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1680-1683
    • Gereda, J.E.1    Leung, D.Y.M.2    Thatayatikom, A.3    Streib, J.E.4    Price, M.R.5    Klinnert, M.D.6    Liu, A.H.7
  • 54
    • 33645079750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biohazards: Standards, guidelines, and proposals for threshold limit values
    • Górny RL: Biohazards: standards, guidelines, and proposals for threshold limit values. PiMOŚP 2004, 3, 17-39.
    • (2004) PiMOŚP , vol.3 , pp. 17-39
    • Górny, R.L.1
  • 57
    • 0345211493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the classic Limulus test and the quantitative kinetic chromogenic LAL method for evaluation of endotoxin concentration in indoor air
    • Górny RL, Douwes J, Versloot P, Heederik D, Dutkiewicz J: Application of the classic Limulus test and the quantitative kinetic chromogenic LAL method for evaluation of endotoxin concentration in indoor air. Ann Agric Environ Med 1999, 6, 45-51.
    • (1999) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.6 , pp. 45-51
    • Górny, R.L.1    Douwes, J.2    Versloot, P.3    Heederik, D.4    Dutkiewicz, J.5
  • 59
    • 34547553097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physicochemistry of endotoxins in relation to bioactivity
    • Gutsmann T, Schromm AB, Brandenburg K: The physicochemistry of endotoxins in relation to bioactivity. Int J Med Microbiol 2007, 297, 341-352.
    • (2007) Int J Med Microbiol , vol.297 , pp. 341-352
    • Gutsmann, T.1    Schromm, A.B.2    Brandenburg, K.3
  • 60
    • 0021266437 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to cotton dust in an experimental cardroom
    • Haglind P, Rylander R: Exposure to cotton dust in an experimental cardroom. Brit J Ind Med 1984, 41, 340.
    • (1984) Brit J Ind Med , vol.41 , pp. 340
    • Haglind, P.1    Rylander, R.2
  • 62
    • 33644841929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne endotoxin in woodworking (joinery) shops
    • Harper M, Andrew ME: Airborne endotoxin in woodworking (joinery) shops. J Environ Monit 2006, 8, 73-78.
    • (2006) J Environ Monit , vol.8 , pp. 73-78
    • Harper, M.1    Andrew, M.E.2
  • 63
    • 0042887620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of endotoxin and 3-hydroxy fatty acid levels in air and settled dust from commercial aircraft cabins
    • Hines CJ, Waters MA, Larsson L, Petersen MR, Saraf A, Milton DK: Characterization of endotoxin and 3-hydroxy fatty acid levels in air and settled dust from commercial aircraft cabins. Indoor Air 2003, 13, 166-173.
    • (2003) Indoor Air , vol.13 , pp. 166-173
    • Hines, C.J.1    Waters, M.A.2    Larsson, L.3    Petersen, M.R.4    Saraf, A.5    Milton, D.K.6
  • 66
    • 0017855434 scopus 로고
    • Chromogenic substrates for horseshoe crab clotting enzyme. Its application for the assay of bacterial endotoxins
    • Iwanaga S, Morita T, Harada T, Nakamura S, Niwa M, Takada K, Kimura T, Sakakibara S: Chromogenic substrates for horseshoe crab clotting enzyme. Its application for the assay of bacterial endotoxins. Hemostasis 1978, 7, 183-188.
    • (1978) Hemostasis , vol.7 , pp. 183-188
    • Iwanaga, S.1    Morita, T.2    Harada, T.3    Nakamura, S.4    Niwa, M.5    Takada, K.6    Kimura, T.7    Sakakibara, S.8
  • 67
    • 0029977853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grain dust and endotoxin inhalation challenges produce inflammatory responses in normal subjects
    • Jagielo PJ, Thorne PS, Watt JL, Frees KL, Quinn TJ, Schwartz DA: Grain dust and endotoxin inhalation challenges produce inflammatory responses in normal subjects. Chest 1996, 110, 263-270.
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , pp. 263-270
    • Jagielo, P.J.1    Thorne, P.S.2    Watt, J.L.3    Frees, K.L.4    Quinn, T.J.5    Schwartz, D.A.6
  • 68
    • 79956329036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovation in endotoxin detection - moving out of the Stone Age
    • Janke MD: Innovation in endotoxin detection - moving out of the Stone Age. Int Pharm Ind 2009, 3, 86-89.
    • (2009) Int Pharm Ind , vol.3 , pp. 86-89
    • Janke, M.D.1
  • 69
    • 33947647872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical structure and biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide-important component of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria
    • Kaszowska M: Chemical structure and biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide-important component of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. Adv Hyg Exp Med 2004, 58, 333-342.
    • (2004) Adv Hyg Exp Med , vol.58 , pp. 333-342
    • Kaszowska, M.1
  • 71
    • 0022414773 scopus 로고
    • Method for detecting the 3-hydroxymyristic acid component of the endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria in compost samples
    • Kirschner D, Que Hee SS, Clark CS: Method for detecting the 3-hydroxymyristic acid component of the endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria in compost samples. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1985, 46, 741-746.
    • (1985) Am Ind Hyg Assoc J , vol.46 , pp. 741-746
    • Kirschner, D.1    Que, H.S.S.2    Clark, C.S.3
  • 73
    • 11244256687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health complaints from workplace exposure to bioaerosols: A questionnaire study in sewage workers
    • Krajewski JA, Cyprowski M, Szymczak W, Gruchala J: Health complaints from workplace exposure to bioaerosols: a questionnaire study in sewage workers. Ann Agric Environ Med 2004, 11, 199-204.
    • (2004) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.11 , pp. 199-204
    • Krajewski, J.A.1    Cyprowski, M.2    Szymczak, W.3    Gruchala, J.4
  • 74
    • 0033947562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchopulmonary pathology in workers exposed to organic fodder dust
    • Kuchuk AA, Basanets A, Louhelainen K: Bronchopulmonary pathology in workers exposed to organic fodder dust. Ann Agric Environ Med 2000, 7, 17-23.
    • (2000) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.7 , pp. 17-23
    • Kuchuk, A.A.1    Basanets, A.2    Louhelainen, K.3
  • 76
    • 0035663621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of exposure to airborne bacterial endotoxins and peptidoglycans in selected work environments
    • Laitinen S, Kangas J, Husman K, Susitaival P: Evaluation of exposure to airborne bacterial endotoxins and peptidoglycans in selected work environments. Ann Agric Environ Med 2001, 8, 213-219.
    • (2001) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.8 , pp. 213-219
    • Laitinen, S.1    Kangas, J.2    Husman, K.3    Susitaival, P.4
  • 77
    • 0032871924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxins and IgG antibodies as indicators of occupational exposure to the microbial contaminants of metal-working fluids
    • Laitinen S, Linnainmaa M, Laitinen J, Kiviranta H, Reiman M, Liesivuori J: Endotoxins and IgG antibodies as indicators of occupational exposure to the microbial contaminants of metal-working fluids. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1999, 72, 443-450.
    • (1999) Int Arch Occup Environ Health , vol.72 , pp. 443-450
    • Laitinen, S.1    Linnainmaa, M.2    Laitinen, J.3    Kiviranta, H.4    Reiman, M.5    Liesivuori, J.6
  • 78
    • 33745712262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxins and glucans: Environmental troublemakers
    • Lane SR, Sewell RDE: Endotoxins and glucans: environmental troublemakers. Biologist 2006, 53, 129-134.
    • (2006) Biologist , vol.53 , pp. 129-134
    • Lane, S.R.1    Sewell, R.D.E.2
  • 81
    • 0014436078 scopus 로고
    • Clottable protein in Limulus: Its localization and kinetics of its coagulation by endotoxin
    • Levin J, Bang FB: Clottable protein in Limulus: its localization and kinetics of its coagulation by endotoxin. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1968, 19, 186-197.
    • (1968) Thromb Diath Haemorrh , vol.19 , pp. 186-197
    • Levin, J.1    Bang, F.B.2
  • 82
    • 0000631035 scopus 로고
    • The role of endotoxin in the extracellular coagulation of Limulus blood
    • Levin J, Bang FB: The role of endotoxin in the extracellular coagulation of Limulus blood. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1964, 115, 265-274.
    • (1964) Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp , vol.115 , pp. 265-274
    • Levin, J.1    Bang, F.B.2
  • 83
    • 33744498614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational endotoxin- exposure and possible health effects on humans
    • Liebers V, Brüning T, Raulf-Heimsoth M: Occupational endotoxin- exposure and possible health effects on humans. Am J Ind Med 2006, 49, 474-491.
    • (2006) Am J Ind Med , vol.49 , pp. 474-491
    • Liebers, V.1    Brüning, T.2    Raulf-Heimsoth, M.3
  • 84
    • 43349104304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects due to endotoxin inhalation (review)
    • Liebers V, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Brüning T: Health effects due to endotoxin inhalation (review). Arch Toxicol 2008, 82, 203-210.
    • (2008) Arch Toxicol , vol.82 , pp. 203-210
    • Liebers, V.1    Raulf-Heimsoth, M.2    Brüning, T.3
  • 85
    • 85046983150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin exposure in allergy and asthma: Reconciling a paradox
    • Liu AH: Endotoxin exposure in allergy and asthma: Reconciling a paradox. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003, 112, 219-220.
    • (2003) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.112 , pp. 219-220
    • Liu, A.H.1
  • 86
    • 0034323689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulating the early allergic response with endotoxin
    • Liu AH, Leung YM: Modulating the early allergic response with endotoxin. Clin Exp Allergy 2000, 30, 1535-1539.
    • (2000) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.30 , pp. 1535-1539
    • Liu, A.H.1    Leung, Y.M.2
  • 87
    • 34250025671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structural diversity of lipid A from gram-negative bacteria
    • Lodowska J, Wolny D, Weglarz L, Dzierzewicz Z: The structural diversity of lipid A from gram-negative bacteria. Adv Hyg Exp Med 2007, 61, 106-121.
    • (2007) Adv Hyg Exp Med , vol.61 , pp. 106-121
    • Lodowska, J.1    Wolny, D.2    Weglarz, L.3    Dzierzewicz, Z.4
  • 89
    • 79956301030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lonza: PyroGene Recombinant Factor C Endotoxin Detection System. Cat. No. 50-658U, 50-658NV. Lonza, Walkersville
    • Lonza: PyroGene Recombinant Factor C Endotoxin Detection System. Cat. No. 50-658U, 50-658NV. Lonza, Walkersville 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 90
    • 71049165893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recombinant Factor C procedure for the detection of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin
    • Loverock B, Simon B, Burgenson A, Baines A: A recombinant Factor C procedure for the detection of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. Pharmacopeial Forum 2009, 35, 1613-1621.
    • (2009) Pharmacopeial Forum , vol.35 , pp. 1613-1621
    • Loverock, B.1    Simon, B.2    Burgenson, A.3    Baines, A.4
  • 92
    • 0036148708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of lipopolysaccharides in outer membrane vesicle vaccines against meningococcal disease. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the constituent 3-hydroxy-lauric acid
    • Lyngby J, Olsen LH, Eidem T, Lundanes E, Jantzen E: Quantification of lipopolysaccharides in outer membrane vesicle vaccines against meningococcal disease. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the constituent 3-hydroxy-lauric acid. Biologicals 2002, 30, 7-13.
    • (2002) Biologicals , vol.30 , pp. 7-13
    • Lyngby, J.1    Olsen, L.H.2    Eidem, T.3    Lundanes, E.4    Jantzen, E.5
  • 94
    • 65349084950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to dust and endotoxin of employees in cucumber and tomato nurseries
    • Madsen AM, Hansen VM, Nielsen SH, Olsen TT: Exposure to dust and endotoxin of employees in cucumber and tomato nurseries. Ann Occup Hyg 2009, 53, 129-138.
    • (2009) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.53 , pp. 129-138
    • Madsen, A.M.1    Hansen, V.M.2    Nielsen, S.H.3    Olsen, T.T.4
  • 96
    • 33845266257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to airborne microbial components in autumn and spring during work at Danish biofuel plants
    • Madsen AM: Exposure to airborne microbial components in autumn and spring during work at Danish biofuel plants. Ann Occup Hyg 2006, 50, 821-831.
    • (2006) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.50 , pp. 821-831
    • Madsen, A.M.1
  • 99
    • 0026614386 scopus 로고
    • Occupational health problems due to garbage sorting
    • Malmros P, Sigsgaard T, Bach B: Occupational health problems due to garbage sorting. Waste Manage Res 1992, 10, 227-234.
    • (1992) Waste Manage Res , vol.10 , pp. 227-234
    • Malmros, P.1    Sigsgaard, T.2    Bach, B.3
  • 100
    • 0030819007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of gas chromatography- mass spectrometry versus the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test for the determination of airborne endotoxin in confined swine buildings
    • Mårtensson L, Gradowska W, Larsson L: Use of gas chromatography- mass spectrometry versus the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test for the determination of airborne endotoxin in confined swine buildings. Aerobiologia 1997, 13, 99-107.
    • (1997) Aerobiologia , vol.13 , pp. 99-107
    • Mårtensson, L.1    Gradowska, W.2    Larsson, L.3
  • 101
    • 0033016596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maturation of immune responses at the beginning of asthma
    • Martinez FD: Maturation of immune responses at the beginning of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999, 103, 355-361.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 355-361
    • Martinez, F.D.1
  • 102
    • 0032865289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of microbial burden in aetiology of allergy and asthma
    • SII12-15
    • Martinez FD, Holt PG: Role of microbial burden in aetiology of allergy and asthma. Lancet 1999, 354, SII12-15.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354
    • Martinez, F.D.1    Holt, P.G.2
  • 103
    • 11144270570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure assessment and analysis for biological agents
    • Martinez KF, Rao CY, Burton NC: Exposure assessment and analysis for biological agents. Grana 2004, 43, 193-208.
    • (2004) Grana , vol.43 , pp. 193-208
    • Martinez, K.F.1    Rao, C.Y.2    Burton, N.C.3
  • 104
    • 0025977809 scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin shedding by enterobacteria: Free and cell-bound endotoxin differ in Limulus activity
    • Mattsby-Baltzer I, Lindgren K, Lindholm B, Edebo L: Endotoxin shedding by enterobacteria: free and cell-bound endotoxin differ in Limulus activity. Infect Immun 1991, 59, 689-695.
    • (1991) Infect Immun , vol.59 , pp. 689-695
    • Mattsby-Baltzer, I.1    Lindgren, K.2    Lindholm, B.3    Edebo, L.4
  • 105
    • 57449088404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure assessment of airborne contaminants in the indoor environment of Irish swine farms
    • Mc Donnell PE, Coggins MA, Hogan VJ, Fleming GT: Exposure assessment of airborne contaminants in the indoor environment of Irish swine farms. Ann Agric Environ Med 2008, 15, 323-326.
    • (2008) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.15 , pp. 323-326
    • McDonnell, P.E.1    Coggins, M.A.2    Hogan, V.J.3    Fleming, G.T.4
  • 106
    • 0141557899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in asthma and other pulmonary conditions
    • Michel O: Role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in asthma and other pulmonary conditions. J Endotoxin Res 2003, 9, 293-300.
    • (2003) J Endotoxin Res , vol.9 , pp. 293-300
    • Michel, O.1
  • 108
    • 0031005664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on the effects of organic dust-derived agents on respiratory system: Comparison between endotoxins and glucans
    • Milanowski J: Experimental studies on the effects of organic dust-derived agents on respiratory system: comparison between endotoxins and glucans. Inhalation Toxicol 1997, 9, 369-388.
    • (1997) Inhalation Toxicol , vol.9 , pp. 369-388
    • Milanowski, J.1
  • 109
    • 0003056970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin and other bacterial cell-wall components
    • Macher J (Ed), ACGIH, Cincinnati, 23-1-23-14
    • Milton DK: Endotoxin and other bacterial cell-wall components. In: Macher J (Ed): Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control, 23-1-23-14. ACGIH, Cincinnati 1999.
    • (1999) Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control
    • Milton, D.K.1
  • 110
    • 0035653733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for (1→6) branched, (1→3)-β-D-glucan detection in environmental samples
    • Milton DK, Alwis KU, Fisette L, Muilenberg M: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for (1→6) branched, (1→3)-β-D-glucan detection in environmental samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001, 67, 5420-5424.
    • (2001) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.67 , pp. 5420-5424
    • Milton, D.K.1    Alwis, K.U.2    Fisette, L.3    Muilenberg, M.4
  • 111
    • 0022629574 scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatographic determination of the fatty acid composition of endotoxins from different bacteria
    • Morris NM, Brannan MA: Gas chromatographic determination of the fatty acid composition of endotoxins from different bacteria. J Chromatogr Biomed Appl 1986, 374, 27-35.
    • (1986) J Chromatogr Biomed Appl , vol.374 , pp. 27-35
    • Morris, N.M.1    Brannan, M.A.2
  • 112
    • 0025458858 scopus 로고
    • A chemical method for determining endotoxins in cotton dust and lint without extraction
    • Morris NM, Catalano EA: A chemical method for determining endotoxins in cotton dust and lint without extraction. Textile Res J 1990, 60, 421-426.
    • (1990) Textile Res J , vol.60 , pp. 421-426
    • Morris, N.M.1    Catalano, E.A.2
  • 113
    • 0023845230 scopus 로고
    • 3-hydroxymyristic acid as a measure of endotoxin in cotton lint and dust
    • Morris NM, Catalano EA, Berni RJ: 3-hydroxymyristic acid as a measure of endotoxin in cotton lint and dust. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1988, 49, 81-88.
    • (1988) Am Ind Hyg Assoc J , vol.49 , pp. 81-88
    • Morris, N.M.1    Catalano, E.A.2    Berni, R.J.3
  • 114
    • 0021963257 scopus 로고
    • Chromogenic Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate assay for rapid detection of gram-negative bacteriuria
    • Nachumi R, Berzofsky RN: Chromogenic Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate assay for rapid detection of gram-negative bacteriuria. J Clin Microbiol 1985, 21, 759-763.
    • (1985) J Clin Microbiol , vol.21 , pp. 759-763
    • Nachumi, R.1    Berzofsky, R.N.2
  • 115
    • 0017373087 scopus 로고
    • A sensitive substrate for the clotting enzyme in horseshoe crab hemocytes
    • Nakamura S, Morita T, Iwanaga S, Niwa M, Takahashi K: A sensitive substrate for the clotting enzyme in horseshoe crab hemocytes. J Biochem 1977, 81, 1567-1569.
    • (1977) J Biochem , vol.81 , pp. 1567-1569
    • Nakamura, S.1    Morita, T.2    Iwanaga, S.3    Niwa, M.4    Takahashi, K.5
  • 116
    • 0025533108 scopus 로고
    • Endotoxins
    • Morey PR, Feeley JC, Otten JA (Eds), American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia
    • Olenchock SA: Endotoxins. In: Morey PR, Feeley JC, Otten JA (Eds): Biological Contaminants in Indoor Environments, 190-200. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia 1990.
    • (1990) Biological Contaminants in Indoor Environments , pp. 190-200
    • Olenchock, S.A.1
  • 117
    • 0034043914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation and anti-cancer activity of polysaccharide-protein complexes
    • Ooi VE, Liu F: Immunomodulation and anti-cancer activity of polysaccharide-protein complexes. Curr Med Chem 2000, 7, 715-729.
    • (2000) Curr Med Chem , vol.7 , pp. 715-729
    • Ooi, V.E.1    Liu, F.2
  • 118
    • 0023687886 scopus 로고
    • Airborne endotoxin associated with industrial-scale production of protein products in gram-negative bacteria
    • Palchak RB, Cohen R, Ainslie M, Hoerner CL: Airborne endotoxin associated with industrial-scale production of protein products in gram-negative bacteria. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1988, 49, 420-421.
    • (1988) Am Ind Hyg Assoc J , vol.49 , pp. 420-421
    • Palchak, R.B.1    Cohen, R.2    Ainslie, M.3    Hoerner, C.L.4
  • 119
    • 0020399697 scopus 로고
    • Sensitive assay, based on hydroxy fatty acids from lipopolysaccharide lipid A, for Gram-negative bacteria in sediments
    • Parker JH, Smith GA, Fredrickson HL, Vestal JR, White DC: Sensitive assay, based on hydroxy fatty acids from lipopolysaccharide lipid A, for Gram-negative bacteria in sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982, 44, 1170-1177.
    • (1982) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 1170-1177
    • Parker, J.H.1    Smith, G.A.2    Fredrickson, H.L.3    Vestal, J.R.4    White, D.C.5
  • 120
    • 0033660501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise and rise of asthma: A new paradigm for the new millennium
    • Pearce N, Douwes J, Beasley R: The rise and rise of asthma: a new paradigm for the new millennium. J Epidemiol Biostat 2000, 5, 5-16.
    • (2000) J Epidemiol Biostat , vol.5 , pp. 5-16
    • Pearce, N.1    Douwes, J.2    Beasley, R.3
  • 124
    • 39649106608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of bacterial endotoxin in air of animal houses determined with the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Limulus test
    • Pomorska D, Larsson L, Skórska C, Sitkowska J, Dutkiewicz J: Levels of bacterial endotoxin in air of animal houses determined with the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Limulus test. Ann Agric Environ Med 2007, 14, 291-298.
    • (2007) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.14 , pp. 291-298
    • Pomorska, D.1    Larsson, L.2    Skórska, C.3    Sitkowska, J.4    Dutkiewicz, J.5
  • 128
    • 0025513917 scopus 로고
    • Airborne microbes and endotoxins in the work environment of two sanitary landfills in Finland
    • Rahkonen R, Ettala M, Laukkanen M, Salkinoja-Salonen M: Airborne microbes and endotoxins in the work environment of two sanitary landfills in Finland. Aerosol Sci Technol 1990, 13, 505-513.
    • (1990) Aerosol Sci Technol , vol.13 , pp. 505-513
    • Rahkonen, R.1    Ettala, M.2    Laukkanen, M.3    Salkinoja-Salonen, M.4
  • 129
    • 29744440886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two sides of the endotoxin coin
    • Randon K: The two sides of the endotoxin coin. Occup Environ Med 2006, 63, 73-78.
    • (2006) Occup Environ Med , vol.63 , pp. 73-78
    • Randon, K.1
  • 131
    • 0034284004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to microbes, endotoxins and total dust in cigarette and cigar manufacturing: An evaluation of health hazards
    • Reiman M, Uitti J: Exposure to microbes, endotoxins and total dust in cigarette and cigar manufacturing: an evaluation of health hazards. Ann Occup Hyg 2000, 44, 467-473.
    • (2000) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.44 , pp. 467-473
    • Reiman, M.1    Uitti, J.2
  • 132
    • 36049033148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungal fragments in moldy houses: A field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio
    • Reponen T, Seo SC, Grimsley F, Lee T, Crawford C, Grinshpun SA: Fungal fragments in moldy houses: a field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio. Atmos Environ 2007, 41, 8140-8149.
    • (2007) Atmos Environ , vol.41 , pp. 8140-8149
    • Reponen, T.1    Seo, S.C.2    Grimsley, F.3    Lee, T.4    Crawford, C.5    Grinshpun, S.A.6
  • 136
    • 0003635705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roitt I, Brostoff J, Male D (Eds), Słotwiński Verlag Medical Publishers, Bremen-PZWL Medical Publishers, Warsaw
    • Roitt I, Brostoff J, Male D (Eds): Immunology. Słotwiński Verlag Medical Publishers, Bremen-PZWL Medical Publishers, Warsaw 2000.
    • (2000) Immunology
  • 140
    • 33746720157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin and occupational airway disease
    • Rylander R: Endotoxin and occupational airway disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006, 6, 62-66.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 62-66
    • Rylander, R.1
  • 141
    • 0032791064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor air-related effects and airborne (1→3)-β-Dglucan
    • Rylander R: Indoor air-related effects and airborne (1→3)-β-Dglucan. Environ Health Perspect 1999, 107, 501-503.
    • (1999) Environ Health Perspect , vol.107 , pp. 501-503
    • Rylander, R.1
  • 142
    • 77955154053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic dust induced pulmonary disease - the role of mould derived beta-glucan
    • Rylander R: Organic dust induced pulmonary disease - the role of mould derived beta-glucan. Ann Agric Environ Med 2010, 17, 9-13.
    • (2010) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.17 , pp. 9-13
    • Rylander, R.1
  • 143
    • 0028077583 scopus 로고
    • Organic dusts - from knowledge to prevention
    • Rylander R: Organic dusts - from knowledge to prevention. Scand J Work Environ Health 1994, 20, 116-122.
    • (1994) Scand J Work Environ Health , vol.20 , pp. 116-122
    • Rylander, R.1
  • 144
    • 0023629268 scopus 로고
    • The role of endotoxin for reactions after exposure to cotton dust
    • Rylander R: The role of endotoxin for reactions after exposure to cotton dust. Am J Ind Med 1987, 12, 687-697.
    • (1987) Am J Ind Med , vol.12 , pp. 687-697
    • Rylander, R.1
  • 146
    • 0031593422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holt PG: (1→3)-β-D-glucan and endotoxin modulate immune response to inhaled allergen
    • Rylander R, Holt PG: (1→3)-β-D-glucan and endotoxin modulate immune response to inhaled allergen. Mediators Inflamm 1998, 72, 105-110.
    • (1998) Mediators Inflamm , vol.72 , pp. 105-110
    • Rylander, R.1
  • 148
    • 84973758751 scopus 로고
    • Airborne β,1-3-glucan may be related to symptoms in sick buildings
    • Rylander R, Persson K, Goto H, Yuasa K, Tanaka S: Airborne β,1-3-glucan may be related to symptoms in sick buildings. Indoor Environ 1992, 1, 263-267.
    • (1992) Indoor Environ , vol.1 , pp. 263-267
    • Rylander, R.1    Persson, K.2    Goto, H.3    Yuasa, K.4    Tanaka, S.5
  • 149
    • 0033063667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airways inflammation among workers in a paper industry
    • Rylander R, Thorn J, Attefors R: Airways inflammation among workers in a paper industry. Eur Respir J 1999, 13, 1151-1157.
    • (1999) Eur Respir J , vol.13 , pp. 1151-1157
    • Rylander, R.1    Thorn, J.2    Attefors, R.3
  • 151
    • 48949115571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a two-site enzyme immunoassay based on monoclonal antibodies to measure airborne exposure to (1→3)-β-D-glucan
    • Sander I, Fleischer C, Borowitzki G, Brüning T, Raulf-Heimsoth M: Development of a two-site enzyme immunoassay based on monoclonal antibodies to measure airborne exposure to (1→3)-β-D-glucan. J Immunol Methods 2008, 337, 55-62.
    • (2008) J Immunol Methods , vol.337 , pp. 55-62
    • Sander, I.1    Fleischer, C.2    Borowitzki, G.3    Brüning, T.4    Raulf-Heimsoth, M.5
  • 152
    • 0030810450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of ergosterol and 3-hydroxy fatty acids in settled house dust by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry: Comparison with fungal culture and determination of endotoxin by a Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
    • Saraf A, Larsson L, Burge H, Milton D: Quantification of ergosterol and 3-hydroxy fatty acids in settled house dust by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry: comparison with fungal culture and determination of endotoxin by a Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997, 63, 2554-2559.
    • (1997) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.63 , pp. 2554-2559
    • Saraf, A.1    Larsson, L.2    Burge, H.3    Milton, D.4
  • 153
    • 0033108123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of quadrupole GCMS and ion trap GC-MS-MS for determining 3-hydroxy fatty acids in settled house dust: Relation to endotoxin activity
    • Saraf A, Park JH, Milton DK, Larsson L: Use of quadrupole GCMS and ion trap GC-MS-MS for determining 3-hydroxy fatty acids in settled house dust: relation to endotoxin activity. J Environ Monit 1999, 1, 163-168.
    • (1999) J Environ Monit , vol.1 , pp. 163-168
    • Saraf, A.1    Park, J.H.2    Milton, D.K.3    Larsson, L.4
  • 158
    • 56949099003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-fractionated (1→3)-beta-D-glucan concentrations aerosolized from different moldy building materials
    • Seo SC, Reponen T, Levin L, Grinshpun SA: Size-fractionated (1→3)-beta-D-glucan concentrations aerosolized from different moldy building materials. Sci Total Environ 2009, 407, 806-814.
    • (2009) Sci Total Environ , vol.407 , pp. 806-814
    • Seo, S.C.1    Reponen, T.2    Levin, L.3    Grinshpun, S.A.4
  • 162
    • 33645090439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dutkiewicz: Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during rocessing of peppermint and chamomile herbs on farms
    • Skórska C, Sitkowska J, Krysińska-Traczyk E, Cholewa G, Dutkiewicz: Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during rocessing of peppermint and chamomile herbs on farms. Ann Agric nviron Med 2005, 12, 281-288.
    • (2005) Ann Agric Nviron Med , vol.12 , pp. 281-288
    • Skórska, C.1    Sitkowska, J.2    Krysińska-Traczyk, E.3    Cholewa, G.4
  • 163
    • 22244486294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin exposure and symptoms n wastewater treatment workers
    • Smit LA, Spaan S, Heederik D: Endotoxin exposure and symptoms n wastewater treatment workers. Am J Ind Med 2005, 48, 30-39.
    • (2005) Am J Ind Med , vol.48 , pp. 30-39
    • Smit, L.A.1    Spaan, S.2    Heederik, D.3
  • 164
    • 0025253580 scopus 로고
    • Comparison f the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test and gas chromatographymass pectrometry for measuring lipopolysaccharidries (endotoxins) in irborne dust from poultry-processing industries
    • Sonesson A, Larsson L, Schutza A, Hagmar L, Hallberg T: Comparison f the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test and gas chromatographymass pectrometry for measuring lipopolysaccharidries (endotoxins) in irborne dust from poultry-processing industries. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990, 56, 1271-1278.
    • (1990) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.56 , pp. 1271-1278
    • Sonesson, A.1    Larsson, L.2    Schutza, A.3    Hagmar, L.4    Hallberg, T.5
  • 166
    • 57449087997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin exposure in sewage treatment workers: Investigation f exposure variability and comparison of analytical techniques
    • Spaan S, Smit LA, Eduard W, Larsson L, Arts HJ, Wouters IM, eederik DJ: Endotoxin exposure in sewage treatment workers: investigation f exposure variability and comparison of analytical techniques. Ann Agric Environ Med 2008, 5, 251-261.
    • (2008) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.5 , pp. 251-261
    • Spaan, S.1    Smit, L.A.2    Eduard, W.3    Larsson, L.4    Arts, H.J.5    Wouters, I.M.6    Eederik, D.J.7
  • 168
    • 0036267124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne ungi and endotoxin concentrations in different areas within textile lants in Taiwan: A 3-year study
    • Su HJ, Chen HL, Huang CF, Lin CY, Li FC, Milton DK: Airborne ungi and endotoxin concentrations in different areas within textile lants in Taiwan: a 3-year study. Environ Res 2002, 89, 58-65.
    • (2002) Environ Res , vol.89 , pp. 58-65
    • Su, H.J.1    Chen, H.L.2    Huang, C.F.3    Lin, C.Y.4    Li, F.C.5    Milton, D.K.6
  • 169
    • 0035659853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of mass spectrometry for characterizing icrobial communities in bioaerosols
    • Szponar B, Larsson L. Use of mass spectrometry for characterizing icrobial communities in bioaerosols. Ann Agric Environ Med 2001, 8, 111-117.
    • (2001) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.8 , pp. 111-117
    • Szponar, B.1    Larsson, L.2
  • 170
    • 21544466438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to bacterial endotoxin during conservative ental treatment
    • Szymańska J: Exposure to bacterial endotoxin during conservative ental treatment. Ann Agric Environ Med 2005, 12, 137-139.
    • (2005) Ann Agric Environ Med , vol.12 , pp. 137-139
    • Szymańska, J.1
  • 171
    • 0017355388 scopus 로고
    • Studies on Limulus amoebocyte lysate. Isolation f pro-clotting enzyme
    • Tai JY, Liu TY: Studies on Limulus amoebocyte lysate. Isolation f pro-clotting enzyme. J Biol Chem 1977, 252, 2178-2181.
    • (1977) J Biol Chem , vol.252 , pp. 2178-2181
    • Tai, J.Y.1    Liu, T.Y.2
  • 172
    • 0343092000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-affinity LPS binding domain(s)in recombinant factor C of a horseshoe crab neutralizes LPS-induced lethality
    • Tan NS, Ho B, Ding JL: High-affinity LPS binding domain(s)in recombinant factor C of a horseshoe crab neutralizes LPS-induced lethality. ASEB J 2000, 14, 859-870.
    • (2000) ASEB J , vol.14 , pp. 859-870
    • Tan, N.S.1    Ho, B.2    Ding, J.L.3
  • 173
    • 0036675709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement strategies or the determination of airborne bacterial endotoxin in sewage treatment lants
    • Thorn J, Beijer L, Jonnsson T, Rylander R: Measurement strategies or the determination of airborne bacterial endotoxin in sewage treatment lants. Ann Occup Hyg 2002, 46, 549-554.
    • (2002) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.46 , pp. 549-554
    • Thorn, J.1    Beijer, L.2    Jonnsson, T.3    Rylander, R.4
  • 174
    • 0034854973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects after inhalation of (1→3)- β-D-glucan in healthy humans
    • Thorn J, Beijer L, Rylander R: Effects after inhalation of (1→3)- β-D-glucan in healthy humans. Mediators Inflamm 2001, 10, 173-178.
    • (2001) Mediators Inflamm , vol.10 , pp. 173-178
    • Thorn, J.1    Beijer, L.2    Rylander, R.3
  • 175
    • 0031807469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airways inflammation and glucan in a rowhouse area
    • Thorn J, Rylander R: Airways inflammation and glucan in a rowhouse area. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998, 157, 1798-1803.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 1798-1803
    • Thorn, J.1    Rylander, R.2
  • 176
    • 0038708336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of five extraction protocols for quantification of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosol
    • Thorne PS, Bartlett KH, Phipps J, Kulhankova K: Evaluation of five extraction protocols for quantification of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosol. Ann Occup Hyg 2003, 47, 31-36.
    • (2003) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.47 , pp. 31-36
    • Thorne, P.S.1    Bartlett, K.H.2    Phipps, J.3    Kulhankova, K.4
  • 177
  • 179
    • 0038447123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptors, mediators, and mechanisms involved in bacterial sepsis and septic shock
    • Van Amersfoort ES, Van Berkel TJC, Kuiper J: Receptors, mediators, and mechanisms involved in bacterial sepsis and septic shock. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003, 16, 379-414.
    • (2003) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.16 , pp. 379-414
    • van Amersfoort, E.S.1    van Berkel, T.J.C.2    Kuiper, J.3
  • 180
    • 0026753079 scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant effects of liposomes containing lipid A: Enhancement of liposomal antigen presentation and recruitment of macrophages
    • Verma JN, Rao M, Amselem S, Krzych U, Alving CR, Green SJ, Wassef NM: Adjuvant effects of liposomes containing lipid A: enhancement of liposomal antigen presentation and recruitment of macrophages. Infect Immun 1992, 60, 2438-2444.
    • (1992) Infect Immun , vol.60 , pp. 2438-2444
    • Verma, J.N.1    Rao, M.2    Amselem, S.3    Krzych, U.4    Alving, C.R.5    Green, S.J.6    Wassef, N.M.7
  • 182
    • 0028297711 scopus 로고
    • Airborne environmental endotoxin: A cross-validation of sampling and analysis techniques
    • Walters M, Milton D, Larsson L, Ford T: Airborne environmental endotoxin: a cross-validation of sampling and analysis techniques. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994, 60, 996-1005.
    • (1994) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.60 , pp. 996-1005
    • Walters, M.1    Milton, D.2    Larsson, L.3    Ford, T.4
  • 183
    • 33745369494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal exposure with LPS and/or allergen prevents experimental allergic airways disease: Development oftolerance using environmental antigens
    • Wang Y, McCusker C: Neonatal exposure with LPS and/or allergen prevents experimental allergic airways disease: development oftolerance using environmental antigens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006, 118, 143-151.
    • (2006) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.118 , pp. 143-151
    • Wang, Y.1    McCusker, C.2
  • 184
    • 0036721120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental endotoxin measurement methods: Standardization issues
    • White EM: Environmental endotoxin measurement methods: standardization issues. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2002, 17, 606-609.
    • (2002) Appl Occup Environ Hyg , vol.17 , pp. 606-609
    • White, E.M.1
  • 185
    • 0031438660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of (1→3)-β-D-glucan immunobiology
    • Williams DL: Overview of (1→3)-β-D-glucan immunobiology. Mediators Inflamm 1997, 6, 247-250.
    • (1997) Mediators Inflamm , vol.6 , pp. 247-250
    • Williams, D.L.1
  • 188
    • 77951556534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen
    • World Health Organization: Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Dampness and Mould. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen 2009.
    • (2009) Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Dampness and Mould
  • 189
    • 29444452904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of personal occupational exposure levels to inhalable dust, endotoxin, beta(1→3)-glucan and fungal extracellular polysaccharides in the waste management chain
    • Wouters IM, Spaan S, Douwes J, Doekes G, Heederik D: Overview of personal occupational exposure levels to inhalable dust, endotoxin, beta(1→3)-glucan and fungal extracellular polysaccharides in the waste management chain. Ann Occup Hyg 2006, 50, 39-53.
    • (2006) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.50 , pp. 39-53
    • Wouters, I.M.1    Spaan, S.2    Douwes, J.3    Doekes, G.4    Heederik, D.5
  • 190
    • 53149100961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate antifungal immunity of human eosinophils mediated by a beta 2 integrin, CD11b
    • Yoon J, Ponikau JU, Lawrence CB, Kita H: Innate antifungal immunity of human eosinophils mediated by a beta 2 integrin, CD11b. J Immunol 2008, 181, 2907-2915.
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.181 , pp. 2907-2915
    • Yoon, J.1    Ponikau, J.U.2    Lawrence, C.B.3    Kita, H.4
  • 191
    • 0015365688 scopus 로고
    • An invertebrate coagulation system activated by endotoxin: Evidence for enzymatic mediation
    • Young NS, Levin J, Prendergast RA: An invertebrate coagulation system activated by endotoxin: evidence for enzymatic mediation. J Clin Invest 1972, 51, 1790-1797.
    • (1972) J Clin Invest , vol.51 , pp. 1790-1797
    • Young, N.S.1    Levin, J.2    Prendergast, R.A.3
  • 192
    • 0345179720 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination of microbial diversity by fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in differently cultivated soils
    • Zelles L, Rackwitz R, Bai QY, Beck T, Beese F: Discrimination of microbial diversity by fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in differently cultivated soils. Plant Soil 1995, 170, 115-122.
    • (1995) Plant Soil , vol.170 , pp. 115-122
    • Zelles, L.1    Rackwitz, R.2    Bai, Q.Y.3    Beck, T.4    Beese, F.5
  • 193
    • 0027996699 scopus 로고
    • Influence of polysaccharides on neutrophil function: Specific antagonists suggest a model for cooperative saccharideassociated inhibition of immune complex-triggered superoxide production
    • Zhang K, Petty HR: Influence of polysaccharides on neutrophil function: specific antagonists suggest a model for cooperative saccharideassociated inhibition of immune complex-triggered superoxide production. J Cell Biochem 1994, 56, 225-235.
    • (1994) J Cell Biochem , vol.56 , pp. 225-235
    • Zhang, K.1    Petty, H.R.2
  • 194
    • 0031945221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute lung function changes and low endotoxin exposures in the potato processing industry
    • Zock JP, Hollander A, Heederik D, Douwes J: Acute lung function changes and low endotoxin exposures in the potato processing industry. Am J Ind Med 1998, 33, 384-391.
    • (1998) Am J Ind Med , vol.33 , pp. 384-391
    • Zock, J.P.1    Hollander, A.2    Heederik, D.3    Douwes, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.