Estimation of southern resident killer whale exposure to exhaust emissions from whale-watching vessels and potential adverse health effects and toxicity thresholds

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Volumn 62, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 792-805

  Lachmuth, Cara L ^a,b   Barrett Lennard, Lance G ^a,b   Steyn, D Q ^a   Milsom, William K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b VANCOUVER AQUARIUM   (Canada)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Air quality standards; Allometric scaling; Atmospheric stability; Dispersion; Multi agent based modeling

Indexed keywords

ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS; AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS; ALLOMETRIC SCALING; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY; AVERAGE-CASE; BRITISH COLUMBIA; DISPERSION MODELS; EXHAUST EMISSION; KILLER WHALE; MULTI-AGENT BASED MODELING; POLLUTANT EXPOSURES; POLLUTANT LEVELS; WASHINGTON;

AIR QUALITY STANDARDS; ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; EXHAUST GASES; POLLUTION; QUALITY CONTROL; WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION;

AIR QUALITY;

AIR QUALITY; ALLOMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; DISPERSION; EXHAUST EMISSION; GUIDELINE; HEALTH IMPACT; LAW ENFORCEMENT; MODELING; POLLUTION EFFECT; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; REGULATORY FRAMEWORK; TOXICITY; VESSEL; WHALE;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY STANDARD; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; COLOMBIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EXHAUST GAS; HEALTH HAZARD; KILLER WHALE; NONHUMAN; TOXICITY TESTING; UNITED STATES; VESSEL; WHALE WATCHING VESSEL;

AIR MOVEMENTS; AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION; ANIMALS; BRITISH COLUMBIA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; MALE; MODELS, CHEMICAL; VEHICLE EMISSIONS; WASHINGTON; WHALE, KILLER;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; UNITED STATES; WASHINGTON [UNITED STATES];

CETACEA; ORCINUS ORCA;

EID: 79954593203     PISSN: 0025326X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.002     Document Type: Article

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