Comparative seed shadows of bird-, monkey-, and wind-dispersed trees

Ecology

Volumn 86, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 2684-2694

  Clark, C J ^a,b   Poulsen, J R ^b   Bolker, B M ^a   Connor, E F ^c   Parker, V T ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b University of Florida   (United States)

^c SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal dispersal; Cameroon; Dispersal kernel; Inverse power; Maximum likelihood; Seed dispersal; Seed rain; Seed shadow; Tropical trees; Wind dispersal

Indexed keywords

ANEMOCHORY; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FECUNDITY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SEED RAIN; ZOOCHORY;

AFRICA; CAMEROON; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA; WORLD;

ANIMALIA; AVES;

EID: 26044438156     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/04-1325     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Augspurger, C. K. 1983. Seed dispersal of the tropical tree, Platypodium elegans, and the escape of its seedlings from fungal pathogens. Journal of Ecology 72:759-771.
2. Augspurger, C. K., and K. Kitajima. 1992. Experimental studies of seedling recruitment from contrasting seed distributions. Ecology 73:1270-1284.
3. Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 1998. Model selection and inference: a practical information theoretic approach. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
4. Cain, M. L., B. G. Milligan, and A. E. Strand. 2000. Long-distance seed dispersal in plant populations. American Journal of Botany 87:1217-1227.
5. Caswell, H., R. Lensink, and M. G. Neubert. 2003. Long-distance dispersal and invasion speed: applications to conservation. Ecology 84:1968-1978.
6. Clark, C. J., J. R. Poulsen, E. F. Connor, and V. T. Parker. 2004. Fruiting trees as dispersal foci in a semi-deciduous tropical forest. Oecologia 139:66-75.
7. Clark, C. J., J. R. Poulsen, and V. T. Parker. 2001. The role of arboreal seed dispersal groups on the seed rain of a lowland tropical forest. Biotropica 33(4):606-620.
8. Clark, J. S. 1998. Why trees migrate so fast: confronting theory with dispersal biology and the paleo record. American Naturalist 152:204-224.
9. Clark, J. S., E. Macklin, and L. Wood. 1998. Stages and spatial scales of recruitment limitation in Southern Appalachian forests. Ecological Monographs 68:213-235.
10. Clark, J. S., M. Silman, R. Kern, E. Macklin, and J. HilleRisLambers. 1999. Seed dispersal near and far: patterns across temperate and tropical forests. Ecology 80:1475-1494.
11. Clark, K. A., and D. A. Clark. 1984. Spacing dynamics of a tropical rain forest tree: evaluation of the Janzen-Connell model. American Naturalist 124:769-788.
12. Condit, R., S. P. Hubbell, and R. B. Foster. 1992. Recruitment near conspecific adults and the maintenance of tree and shrub diversity in a Neotropical forest. American Naturalist 140:261-286.
13. Connell, J. H. 1971. On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees. Pages 298-312 in P. J. Den Boer and G. R. Gradwell, editors. Dynamics of populations. Pudoc, Wageningen, Netherlands.
14. Harper, J. L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London, UK.
15. Hilborn, R., and M. Mangel. 1997. The ecological detective: confronting models with data. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
16. Holbrook, K., and T. B. Smith. 2000. Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of Ceratogymna hornbills in a West African tropical lowland forest. Oecologia 125:249-257.
17. Hoppes, W. G. 1988. Seedfall pattern of several species of bird-dispersed plants in Illinois woodland. Ecology 69:320-329.
18. Howe, H. F., E. W. Schupp, and L. C. Westley. 1985. Early consequences of seed dispersal for a Neotropical tree (Virola surinamensis). Ecology 66:781-791.
19. Howe, H. F., and J. Smallwood. 1982. Ecology of seed dis persal. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13:201-228.
20. Hurtt, G. C., and S. W. Pacala. 1995. The consequences of recruitment limitation: reconciling chance, history and competitive differences between plants. Journal of Theoretical Biology 176:1-12.
21. Hutchinson, H. M., D. Dalziel, and F. N. Hepper. 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Second edition. Agents for oversea governments and administrations. Millbank, London, UK.
22. Janzen, D. H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. American Naturalist 104:501-528.
23. Janzen, D. H., G. A. Miller, J. Hackforth-Jones, C. M. Pond, K. Hooper, and D. P. Janos. 1976. Two Costa Rican bat-generated seed shadows of Andira inermis (Leguminoseae). Ecology 57:1068-1075.
24. Julliot, C. 1997. Impact of seed dispersal of red howler monkeys Alouatta seniculus on the seedling population in the understory of tropical rain forest. Journal of Ecology 85:431-440.
25. Kinnaird, M. F., T. G. O'Brien, and J. R. Sinclair. 1998. The role of Sulawesi red-knobbed hornbills Aceros cassidix in seed dispersal. Pages 1-336 in P. Poonswad, editor. The Asian hornbills: ecology and conservation. Thai Studies in Biodiversity, Bangkok, Thailand.
26. Kitajima, K., and C. K. Augspurger. 1989. Seed and seedling ecology of a monocarpic tropical tree, Tachigalia versicolor. Ecology 70:1102-1114.
27. Laman, T. G. 1996. Ficus seed shadows in a Bornean rain forest. Oecologia 107:347-355.
28. Letouzey, R. 1970. Manuel de botanique forestière. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT), Nogent sur Marne, France.
29. Levin, S. A., D. Cohen, and A. Hastings. 1984. Dispersal in patchy environments. Theoretical Population Biology 26:165-191.
30. Levine, M. J., and D. J. Murrell. 2003. The community-level consequences of seed dispersal patterns. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:549-574.
31. Muller-Landau, H. C., S. J. Wright, O. Calderon, S. P. Hubbell, and R. B. Foster. 2002. Assessing recruitment limitation: concepts, methods and case studies from a tropical forest. Pages 35-53 in D. J. Levey, W. R. Silva, and M. Galetti, editors. Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. CAB International Press, Cambridge, UK.
32. Nathan, R., and H. C. Muller-Landau. 2000. Spatial patterns of seed dispersal, their determinants and consequences for recruitment. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:278-285.
33. Nathan, R., U. N. Safriel, and I. Noy-Meir. 2001. Field validation and sensitivity analysis of a mechanistic model for tree seed dispersal by wind. Ecology 82:374-388.
34. Okubo, A., and S. A. Levin. 1989. A theoretical framework for data analysis of wind dispersal of seeds and pollen. Ecology 70:329-338.
35. Ouborg, N. J., Y. Piquot, and J. M. Groenendael. 1999. Population genetics, molecular markers and the study of dispersal in plants. Journal of Ecology 87:551-568.
36. Poulsen, J. R., C. J. Clark, E. F. Connor, and T. B. Smith. 2002. Differential resource use by hornbills and primates: implications for seed dispersal. Ecology 83:228-240.
37. Poulsen, J. R., C. J. Clark, and T. B. Smith. 2001. Seed dispersal by a diurnal primate community in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon. Journal of Tropical Ecology 17:787-808.
38. R Development Core Team. 2004. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Version 2.0.1. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 〈http://www.R-project.org〉
39. Ribbens, E., J. A. Silander, Jr., and S. W. Pacala. 1994. Seedling recruitment in forests: calibrating models to predict patterns of tree seedling dispersion. Ecology 75:1794-1806.
40. Russo, S. E., and C. K. Augspurger. 2004. Aggregated seed dispersal by spider monkeys limits recruitment to clumped patterns in Virola calophylla. Ecology Letters 7:1058-1067.
41. Schupp, E. W., and M. Fuentes. 1995. Spatial patterns of seed dispersal and the unification of plant population ecology. Ecoscience 2:267-275.
42. Schupp, E. W., T. Milleron, and S. Russo. 2002. Dispersal limitation and the origin and maintenance of species-rich tropical forests. Pages 19-33 in D. J. Levey, W. R. Silva, and M. Galetti, editors. Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. CAB International Press, Cambridge, UK.
43. van der Pijl, L. 1982. Principles of dispersal in higher plants. Third edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
44. Venable, D. L., and J. S. Brown. 1993. The population-dynamic functions of seed dispersal. Vegetatio 107/108:31-55.
45. Wasserman, L. 2004. All of statistics: a concise course in statistical inference. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
46. Wenny, D. G., and D. J. Levey. 1998. Directed seed dispersal by bellbirds in a tropical cloud forest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 95:6204-6207.
47. Willson, M. F. 1992. The ecology of seed dispersal. Pages 61-85 in M. Fenner, editor. Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CAB International Press, Cambridge, UK.
48. Willson, M. F. 1993. Dispersal mode, seed shadows, and colonization patterns. Vegetatio 107/108:261-280.