Recurrent high-grade glioma: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 509-518

  Walbert, Tobias ^a   Mikkelsen, Tom ^a  

^a HENRY FORD HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

glioblastoma; recurrence; targeted therapy

Indexed keywords

4 IODO 3 NITROBENZAMIDE; 6 O BENZYLGUANINE; AFATINIB; AK 222584; ANGIOCEPT; BEVACIZUMAB; BORTEZOMIB; CARMUSTINE; CEDIRANIB; CETUXIMAB; CILENGITIDE; CINTREDEKIN BESUDOTOX; DASATINIB; ENZASTAURIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ERLOTINIB; EVEROLIMUS; GEFITINIB; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 INHIBITOR; IMATINIB; IMC 1121 B; IMC 3 G 3; LAPATINIB; LOMUSTINE; LONAFARNIB; LY 31761; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITOR; METHYLATED DNA PROTEIN CYSTEINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; MK 0752; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; NITROSOUREA; PANOBINOSTAT; PAZOPANIB; PEGDINETANIB; PF 04948568; PF 299804; PROCARBAZINE; PROTEASOME INHIBITOR; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; R 04929097; RAPAMUNEX; RIDAFOROLIMUS; RILOTUMUMAB; SORAFENIB; SUNITINIB; TANDUTINIB; TANESPIMYCIN; TEMOZOLOMIDE; TEMSIROLIMUS; TIPIFARNIB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VANDETANIB; VASCULOTROPIN; VASCULOTROPIN INHIBITOR; VATALANIB; VELIPARIB; VINCRISTINE; XL 765;

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRACHYTHERAPY; BRAIN INFECTION; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER GENE THERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EDEMA; GLIOMA; GLIOMA CELL; HIGH GRADE GLIOMA; HUMAN; LIQUORRHEA; METHYLATION; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROMOTER REGION; PSEUDOPROGRESSION; QUALITY OF LIFE; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION NECROSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR RECURRENCE; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION;

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL, HUMANIZED; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; GLIOBLASTOMA; GLIOMA; HUMANS; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; PROTEIN KINASES;

EID: 79953743393     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.37     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ et al. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 352(10), 987-996 (2005). (Pubitemid 40349501)
2. Prados MD, Gutin PH, Phillips TL et al. Highly anaplastic astrocytoma: a review of 357 patients treated between 1977 and 1989. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 23(1), 3-8 (1992).
3. Prados MD, Seiferheld W, Sandler HM et al. Phase III randomized study of radiotherapy plus procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine with or without BUdR for treatment of anaplastic astrocytoma: final report of RTOG 9404. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 58(4), 1147-1152 (2004). (Pubitemid 38314798)
4. van den Bent MJ, Carpentier AF, Brandes AA et al. Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine improves progression-free survival but not overall survival in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas: a randomized European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Phase III trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 24(18), 2715-2722 (2006). (Pubitemid 46630567)
5. Lamborn KR, Yung WK, Chang SM et al. Progression-free survival: an important end point in evaluating therapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 10(2), 162-170 (2008).
6. Wong ET, Hess KR, Gleason MJ et al. Outcomes and prognostic factors in recurrent glioma patients enrolled onto Phase II clinical trials. J. Clin. Oncol. 17(8), 2572-2578 (1999). (Pubitemid 29368260)
7. Yung WK, Albright RE, Olson J et al. A Phase II study of temozolomide vs. procarbazine in patients with glioblastoma multiforme at first relapse. Br. J. Cancer 83(5), 588-593 (2000). (Pubitemid 30636298)
8. Levin VA, Ictech S, Hess KR. Impact of Phase II trials with progression-free survival as end-points on survival-based Phase III studies in patients with anaplastic gliomas. BMC Cancer 7, 106 (2007).
9. Walbert T, Gilbert MR, Groves MD et al. Combination of 6-thioguanine, capecitabine, and celecoxib with temozolomide or lomustine for recurrent high-grade glioma. J. Neurooncol. 102(2), 273-280 (2011).
10. Macdonald DR, Cascino TL, Schold SC Jr, Cairncross JG. Response criteria for Phase II studies of supratentorial malignant glioma. J. Clin. Oncol. 8(7), 1277-1280 (1990). (Pubitemid 20195640)
11. Kumar AJ, Leeds NE, Fuller GN et al. Malignant gliomas: MR imaging spectrum of radiation therapy- and chemotherapy-induced necrosis of the brain after treatment. Radiology 217(2), 377-384 (2000).
12. Scott JN, Brasher PM, Sevick RJ, Rewcastle NB, Forsyth PA. How often are nonenhancing supratentorial gliomas malignant? A population study. Neurology 59(6), 947-949 (2002).
13. Brandes AA, Franceschi E, Tosoni A et al. MGMT promoter methylation status can predict the incidence and outcome of pseudoprogression after concomitant radiochemotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. J. Clin. Oncol. 26(13), 2192-2197 (2008).
14. Taal W, Brandsma D, de Bruin HG et al. Incidence of early pseudo-progression in a cohort of malignant glioma patients treated with chemoirradiation with temozolomide. Cancer 113(2), 405-410 (2008).
15. Ruben JD, Dally M, Bailey M, Smith R, McLean CA, Fedele P. Cerebral radiation necrosis: incidence, outcomes, and risk factors with emphasis on radiation parameters and chemotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 65(2), 499-508 (2006).
16. Shrieve DC, Alexander E 3rd, Wen PY et al. Comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery and brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neurosurgery 36(2), 275-282; discussion 282-274 (1995).
17. Chen W. Clinical applications of PET in brain tumors. J. Nucl. Med. 48(9), 1468-1481 (2007). (Pubitemid 47397397)
18. Soares DP, Law M. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain: review of metabolites and clinical applications. Clin. Radiol. 64(1), 12-21 (2009).
19. Young GS. Advanced MRI of adult brain tumors. Neurol. Clin. 25(4), 947-973, viii (2007). (Pubitemid 47600577)
20. Batchelor TT, Sorensen AG, di Tomaso E et al. AZD2171, a pan-VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, normalizes tumor vasculature and alleviates edema in glioblastoma patients. Cancer Cell 11(1), 83-95 (2007). (Pubitemid 46075199)
21. Vredenburgh JJ, Desjardins A, Herndon JE 2nd et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J. Clin. Oncol. 25(30), 4722-4729 (2007). (Pubitemid 350086473)
22. Wen PY, Macdonald DR, Reardon DA et al. Updated response assessment criteria for high-grade gliomas: response assessment in neuro-oncology working group. J. Clin. Oncol. 28(11), 1963-1972 (2010).
23. Lacroix M, Abi-Said D, Fourney DR et al. A multivariate analysis of 416 patients with glioblastoma multiforme: prognosis, extent of resection, and survival. J. Neurosurg. 95(2), 190-198 (2001). (Pubitemid 32799739)
24. Romanelli P, Conti A, Pontoriero A et al. Role of stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neurosurg. Focus 27(6), E8 (2009).
25. Mahajan A, McCutcheon IE, Suki D et al. Case-control study of stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J. Neurosurg. 103(2), 210-217 (2005). (Pubitemid 43193894)
26. Fogh SE, Andrews DW, Glass J et al. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy: an effective therapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas. J. Clin. Oncol. 28(18), 3048-3053 (2010).
27. Gutin PH, Iwamoto FM, Beal K et al. Safety and efficacy of bevacizumab with hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation for recurrent malignant gliomas. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 75(1), 156-163 (2009).
28. Yung WK, Prados MD, Yaya-Tur R et al. Multicenter Phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma at first relapse. Temodal Brain Tumor Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 17(9), 2762-2771 (1999). (Pubitemid 29415233)
29. Hegi ME, Diserens AC, Gorlia T et al. MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 352(10), 997-1003 (2005). (Pubitemid 40349502)
30. Paz MF, Yaya-Tur R, Rojas-Marcos I et al. CpG island hypermethylation of the DNA repair enzyme methyltransferase predicts response to temozolomide in primary gliomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 10(15), 4933-4938 (2004). (Pubitemid 39099766)
31. van den Bent MJ, Dubbink HJ, Sanson M et al. MGMT promoter methylation is prognostic but not predictive for outcome to adjuvant PCV chemotherapy in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors: a report from EORTC Brain Tumor Group Study 26951. J. Clin. Oncol. 27(35), 5881-5886 (2009).
32. Weller M, Stupp R, Reifenberger G et al. MGMT promoter methylation in malignant gliomas: ready for personalized medicine? Nat. Rev. Neurol. 6(1), 39-51 (2010).
33. Brandes AA, Franceschi E, Tosoni A et al. O(6)-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase methylation status can change between first surgery for newly diagnosed glioblastoma and second surgery for recurrence: clinical implications. Neuro Oncol. 12(3), 283-288 (2010).
34. Brandes AA, Tosoni A, Cavallo G et al. Temozolomide 3 weeks on and 1 week off as first-line therapy for recurrent glioblastoma: Phase II study from Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo di Neuro-oncologia (GICNO). Br. J. Cancer 95(9), 1155-1160 (2006). (Pubitemid 44658477)
35. Perry JR, Belanger K, Mason WP et al. Phase II trial of continuous dose-intense temozolomide in recurrent malignant glioma: RESCUE study. J. Clin. Oncol. 28(12), 2051-2057 (2010).
36. Wick A, Felsberg J, Steinbach JP et al. Efficacy and tolerability of temozolomide in an alternating weekly regimen in patients with recurrent glioma. J. Clin. Oncol. 25(22), 3357-3361 (2007). (Pubitemid 47325623)
37. Wick A, Pascher C, Wick W et al. Rechallenge with temozolomide in patients with recurrent gliomas. J. Neurol. 256(5), 734-741 (2009).
38. Brada M, Stenning S, Gabe R et al. Temozolomide versus procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine in recurrent high-grade glioma. J. Clin. Oncol. 28(30), 4601-4608 (2010).
39. Kong DS, Lee JI, Kim JH et al. Phase II trial of low-dose continuous (metronomic) treatment of temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 12(3), 289-296 (2010).
40. Brem H, Piantadosi S, Burger PC et al. Placebo-controlled trial of safety and efficacy of intraoperative controlled delivery by biodegradable polymers of chemotherapy for recurrent gliomas. The Polymer-brain Tumor Treatment Group. Lancet 345(8956), 1008-1012 (1995).
41. Quinn JA, Jiang SX, Carter J et al. Phase II trial of Gliadel plus O6-benzylguanine in adults with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Clin. Cancer Res. 15(3), 1064-1068 (2009).
42. Kunwar S, Chang S, Westphal M et al. Phase III randomized trial of CED of IL13- PE38QQR vs Gliadel wafers for recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 12(8), 871-881 (2010).
43. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J. Clin. 58(2), 71-96 (2008). (Pubitemid 351521864)
44. Rich JN, Reardon DA, Peery T et al. Phase II trial of gefitinib in recurrent glioblastoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 22(1), 133-142 (2004). (Pubitemid 41095125)
45. Franceschi E, Cavallo G, Lonardi S et al. Gefitinib in patients with progressive high-grade gliomas: a multicentre Phase II study by Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo di Neuro-Oncologia (GICNO). Br. J. Cancer 96(7), 1047-1051 (2007). (Pubitemid 46608313)
46. Raymond E, Brandes AA, Dittrich C et al. Phase II study of imatinib in patients with recurrent gliomas of various histologies: a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group Study. J. Clin. Oncol. 26(28), 4659-4665 (2008).
47. Cloughesy TF, Yoshimoto K, Nghiemphu P et al. Antitumor activity of rapamycin in a Phase I trial for patients with recurrent PTEN-deficient glioblastoma. PLoS Med. 5(1), e8 (2008).
48. Galanis E, Jaeckle KA, Maurer MJ et al. Phase II trial of vorinostat in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a north central cancer treatment group study. J. Clin. Oncol. 27(12), 2052-2058 (2009).
49. Sathornsumetee S, Reardon DA. Targeting multiple kinases in glioblastoma multiforme. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 18(3), 277-292 (2009).
50. Gossage L, Eisen T. Targeting multiple kinase pathways: a change in paradigm. Clin. Cancer Res. 16(7), 1973-1978 (2010).
51. Wang MY, Lu KV, Zhu S et al. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition promotes response to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors in PTEN-deficient and PTEN-intact glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res. 66(16), 7864-7869 (2006). (Pubitemid 44299148)
52. Huang PH, Mukasa A, Bonavia R et al. Quantitative analysis of EGFRvIII cellular signaling networks reveals a combinatorial therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104(31), 12867-12872 (2007). (Pubitemid 47255246)
53. Lal B, Goodwin CR, Sang Y et al. EGFRvIII and c-Met pathway inhibitors synergize against PTEN-null/EGFRvIII+ glioblastoma xenografts. Mol. Cancer Ther. 8(7), 1751-1760 (2009).
54. Guo A, Villen J, Kornhauser J et al. Signaling networks assembled by oncogenic EGFR and c-Met. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105(2), 692-697 (2008). (Pubitemid 351171770)
55. Terstappen GC, Schlupen C, Raggiaschi R, Gaviraghi G. Target deconvolution strategies in drug discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 6(11), 891-903 (2007). (Pubitemid 350042397)
56. Dong X, Guan J, English JC et al. Patient-derived first generation xenografts of non-small cell lung cancers: promising tools for predicting drug responses for personalized chemotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 16(5), 1442-1451 (2010).
57. Yildirim MA, Goh KI, Cusick ME, Barabasi AL, Vidal M. Drug-target network. Nat. Biotechnol. 25(10), 1119-1126 (2007). (Pubitemid 47538114)
58. Huang PH, Xu AM, White FM. Oncogenic EGFR Signaling Networks in Glioma. Sci. Signal. 2(87), re6 (2009).
59. Sathornsumetee S, Desjardins A, Vredenburgh JJ et al. Phase II trial of bevacizumab and erlotinib in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Neuro Oncol. 12(12), 1300-1310 (2010).
60. Raizer JJ, Grimm S, Chamberlain MC et al. A Phase 2 trial of single-agent bevacizumab given in an every-3-week schedule for patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. Cancer 116(22), 5297-5305 (2010).
61. Friedman HS, Prados MD, Wen PY et al. Bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 27(28), 4733-4740 (2009).
62. Batchelor TT, Duda DG, di Tomaso E et al. Phase II study of cediranib, an oral pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 28(17), 2817-2823 (2010).
63. Malkin MG, Rosen L, Lopez AM, Mulay M, Cloughesy T, Hannah AL. Phase 2 study of SU101, a PDGF-R signal transduction inhibitor, in recurrent malignant glioma. Presented at: American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting, CA, USA, 16-19 May 1998.
64. Mikkelsen T, Brodie C, Finniss S et al. Radiation sensitization of glioblastoma by cilengitide has unanticipated schedule-dependency. Int. J. Cancer 124(11), 2719-2727 (2009).
65. Nabors LB, Mikkelsen T, Rosenfeld SS et al. Phase I and correlative biology study of cilengitide in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. J. Clin. Oncol. 25(13), 1651-1657 (2007). (Pubitemid 46797943)
66. Stupp R, Hegi ME, Neyns B et al. Phase I/IIa study of cilengitide and temozolomide with concomitant radiotherapy followed by cilengitide and temozolomide maintenance therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 28(16), 2712-2718 (2010).
67. Wen PY, Kesari S. Malignant gliomas in adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 359(5), 492-507 (2008).
68. Cloughesy TF, Mischel PS. New strategies in the molecular targeting of glioblastoma: how do you hit a moving target? Clin. Cancer Res. 17(1), 6-11 (2011).
69. Desjardins A, Reardon DA, Herndon JE 2nd et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan in recurrent WHO grade 3 malignant gliomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 14(21), 7068-7073 (2008).
70. Kreisl TN, Kim L, Moore K et al. Phase II trial of single-agent bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab plus irinotecan at tumor progression in recurrent glioblastoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 27(5), 740-745 (2009).
71. Reardon DA, Desjardins A, Vredenburgh JJ et al. Metronomic chemotherapy with daily, oral etoposide plus bevacizumab for recurrent malignant glioma: a Phase II study. Br. J. Cancer 101(12), 1986-1994 (2009).