Advanced MRI of Adult Brain Tumors

Neurologic Clinics

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 947-973

  Young, Geoffrey S ^a,b  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN TUMOR; CANCER GRADING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; FOLLOW UP; GLIOMA; HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ADULT; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NEOPLASM STAGING;

EID: 35348987493     PISSN: 07338619     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2007.07.010     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. Ginsberg L.E., Fuller G.N., Hashmi M., et al. The significance of lack of MR contrast enhancement of supratentorial brain tumors in adults: histopathological evaluation of a series. Surg Neurol 49 4 (1998) 436-440
2. Provenzale J., Mukundan S., and Barboriak D.P. Diffusion-weighted and perfusion MR imaging for brain tumor characterization and assessment of treatment response. Radiology 239 3 (2006) 632-649
3. Mardor Y., Pfeffer R., Spiegelmann R., et al. Early detection of response to radiation therapy in patients with brain malignancies using conventional and high b-value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Oncol 21 (2003) 1094-1100
4. Reddy J.S., Mishra A.M., Behari S., et al. The role of diffusion-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic mass lesions: a report of 147 lesions. Surg Neurol 66 3 (2006) 246-250
5. Mishra A.M., Gupta R.K., Jaggi R.S., et al. Role of diffusion-weighted imaging and in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the differential diagnosis of ring-enhancing intracranial cystic mass lesions. J Comput Assist Tomogr 28 4 (2004) 540-547
6. Erdogan C., Hakyemez B., Yildirim N., et al. Brain abscess and cystic brain tumor: discrimination with dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 29 5 (2005) 663-667
7. Tsui E.Y., Leung W.H., Chan J.H., et al. Tumefactive demyelinating lesions by combined perfusion-weighted and diffusion weighted imaging. Comput Med Imaging Graph 26 5 (2002) 343-346
8. Guo A.C., Cummings T.J., Dash R.C., et al. Lymphomas and high-grade astrocytomas: comparison of water diffusibility and histologic characteristics. Radiology 224 (2002) 177-183
9. Calli C., Kitis O., Yunten N., et al. Perfusion and diffusion MR imaging in enhancing malignant cerebral tumors. Eur J Radiol 58 3 (2006) 394-403
10. Okamoto K., Ito J., Ishikawa K., et al. Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging in differential diagnosis of brain tumors and tumor-like conditions. Eur Radiol 10 (2000) 1342-1350
11. Toh C.H., Chen Y.L., Hsieh T.C., et al. Glioblastoma multiforme with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging characteristics mimicking primary lymphoma. Case report. J Neurosurg 105 (2006) 132-135
12. Krabbe K., Gideon P., Wagn P., et al. MR diffusion imaging of human intracranial tumours. Neuroradiology 39 7 (1997) 483-489
13. Kotsenas A.L., Roth T.C., Manness W.K., et al. Abnormal diffusion-weighted MRI in medulloblastoma: does it reflect small cell histology?. Pediatr Radiol 29 7 (1999) 524-526
14. Chenevert T.L., Stegman L.D., Taylor J.M., et al. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging: an early surrogate marker of therapeutic efficacy in brain tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 92 24 (2000) 2029-2036
15. Chenevert T.L., McKeever P.E., and Ross B.D. Monitoring early response of experimental brain tumors to therapy using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Cancer Res 3 9 (1997) 1457-1466
16. Filippi C.G., Edgar M.A., Ulug A.M., et al. Appearance of meningiomas on diffusion-weighted images: correlating diffusion constants with histopathologic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 1 (2001) 65-72
17. Hayashida Y., Hirai T., Morishita S., et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of metastatic brain tumors: comparison with histologic type and tumor cellularity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 7 (2006) 1419-1425
18. Sugahara T., Korogi Y., Kochi M., et al. Usefulness of diffusion-weighted MRI with echo-planar technique in the evaluation of cellularity in gliomas. J Magn Reson Imaging 9 (1999) 53-60
19. Catalaa I., Henry R., Dillon W.P., et al. Perfusion, diffusion and spectroscopy values in newly diagnosed cerebral gliomas. NMR Biomed 19 4 (2006) 463-475
20. Yang D., Korogi Y., Sugahara T., et al. Cerebral gliomas: prospective comparison of multivoxel 2D chemical-shift imaging proton MR spectroscopy, echoplanar perfusion and diffusion-weighted MRI. Neuroradiology 44 (2002) 656-666
21. Bulakbasi N., Kocaoglu M., Ors F., et al. Combination of single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy and apparent diffusion coefficient calculation in the evaluation of common brain tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 (2003) 225-233
22. Castillo M., Smith J.K., Kwock L., et al. Apparent diffusion coefficients in the evaluation of high-grade cerebral gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 (2001) 60-64
23. Mardor Y., Roth Y., Ochershvilli A., et al. Pretreatment prediction of brain tumors' response to radiation therapy using high b-value diffusion-weighted MRI. Neoplasia 6 2 (2004) 136-142
24. Khan R.B., Gutin P.H., Rai S.N., et al. Use of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in predicting early postoperative outcome of new neurological deficits after brain tumor resection. Neurosurgery 59 1 (2006) 60-66
25. Schaefer P.W., Grant P.E., and Gonzalez R.G. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 217 (2000) 331-345
26. Hein P.A., Eskey C.J., Dunn J.F., et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in the follow-up of treated high-grade gliomas: tumor recurrence versus radiation injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25 (2004) 201-209
27. Chan Y.L., Yeung D.K., Leung S.F., et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in radiation-induced cerebral necrosis. Apparent diffusion coefficient in lesion components. J Comput Assist Tomogr 27 5 (2003) 674-680
28. Tsui E.Y., Chan J.H., Ramsey R.G., et al. Late temporal lobe necrosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: evaluation with combined multi-section diffusion weighted and perfusion weighted MR imaging. Eur J Radiol 39 3 (2001) 133-138
29. Bastin M.E., Carpenter T.K., Armitage P.A., et al. Effects of dexamethasone on cerebral perfusion and water diffusion in patients with high-grade glioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 2 (2006) 402-408
30. Moffat B.A., Chenevert T.L., Lawrence T.S., et al. Functional diffusion map: a noninvasive MRI biomarker for early stratification of clinical brain tumor response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 15 (2005) 5524-5529
31. Hamstra D.A., Chenevert T.L., Moffat B.A., et al. Evaluation of the functional diffusion map as an early biomarker of time-to-progression and overall survival in high-grade glioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 46 (2005) 16759-16764
32. Inoue T., Ogasawara K., Beppu T., et al. Diffusion tensor imaging for preoperative evaluation of tumor grade in gliomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 107 3 (2005) 174-180
33. Field A.S., Wu Y.C., and Alexander A.L. Principal diffusion direction in peritumoral fiber tracts: color map patterns and directional statistics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1064 (2005) 193-201
34. Goebell E., Fiehler J., Ding X.Q., et al. Disarrangement of fiber tracts and decline of neuronal density correlate in glioma patients-a combined diffusion tensor imaging and 1H-MR spectroscopy study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 7 (2006) 1426-1431
35. Yu C.S., Li K.C., Xuan Y., et al. Diffusion tensor tractography in patients with cerebral tumors: a helpful technique for neurosurgical planning and postoperative assessment. Eur J Radiol 56 2 (2005) 197-204
36. Nimsky C., Grummich P., Sorensen A.G., et al. Visualization of the pyramidal tract in glioma surgery by integrating diffusion tensor imaging in functional neuronavigation. Zentralbl Neurochir 66 3 (2005) 133-141
37. Lazar M., Alexander A.L., Thottakara P.J., et al. White matter reorganization after surgical resection of brain tumors and vascular malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 6 (2006) 1258-1271
38. Schonberg T., Pianka P., Hendler T., et al. Characterization of displaced white matter by brain tumors using combined DTI and fMRI. Neuroimage 30 4 (2006) 1100-1111
39. Provenzale J.M., McGraw P., Mhatre P., et al. Peritumoral brain regions in gliomas and meningiomas: investigation with isotropic diffusion-weighted MR imaging and diffusion-tensor MR imaging. Radiology 232 2 (2004) 451-460
40. Price S.J., Burnet N.G., Donovan T., et al. Diffusion tensor imaging of brain tumours at 3T: a potential tool for assessing white matter tract invasion?. Clin Radiol 58 (2003) 455-462
41. Lu S., Ahn D., Johnson G., et al. Peritumoral diffusion tensor imaging of high-grade gliomas and metastatic brain tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 (2003) 937-941
42. Lu S., Ahn D., Johnson G., et al. Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of intracranial neoplasia and associated peritumoral edema: introduction of the tumor infiltration index. Radiology 232 1 (2004) 221-228
43. Chiang I.C., Kuo Y.T., Lu C.Y., et al. Distinction between high-grade gliomas and solitary metastases using peritumoral 3-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion, and perfusion imagings. Neuroradiology 46 (2004) 619-627
44. Kono K., Inoue Y., Nakayama K., et al. The role of diffusion-weighted imaging in patients with brain tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 (2001) 1081-1088
45. Stadnik T.W., Chaskis C., Michotte A., et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of intracerebral masses: comparison with conventional MR imaging and histologic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 (2001) 969-976
46. Sundgren P.C., Fan X., Weybright P., et al. Differentiation of recurrent brain tumor versus radiation injury using diffusion tensor imaging in patients with new contrast-enhancing lesions. Magn Reson Imaging 24 9 (2006) 1131-1142
47. Stieltjes B., Schluter M., Didinger B., et al. Diffusion tensor imaging in primary brain tumors: reproducible quantitative analysis of corpus callosum infiltration and contralateral involvement using a probabilistic mixture model. Neuroimage 31 2 (2006) 531-542
48. Zhou XJ, Engelhard HH, Leeds NE, et al. Studies of glioma infiltration using a fiber coherence index. Magn Reson Med, in press.
49. van Westen D., Latt J., Englund E., et al. Tumor extension in high-grade gliomas assessed with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging: values and lesion-to-brain ratios of apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy. Acta Radiol 47 3 (2006) 311-319
50. Marshall I., Wardlaw J., Cannon J., et al. Reproducibility of metabolite peak areas in 1H MRS of brain. Magn Reson Imaging 14 3 (1996) 281-292
51. Calvar J.A. Accurate (1)H tumor spectra quantification from acquisitions without water suppression. Magn Reson Imaging 24 9 (2006) 1271-1279
52. Birken D.L., and Oldendorf W.H. N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid: a literature review of a compound prominent in 1H-NMR spectroscopic studies of brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 13 1 (1989) 23-31
53. Moffett J.R., Ross B., Arun P., et al. N-acetyl aspartate in the CNS: from neurodiagnostics to neurobiology. Prog Neurobiol 81 2 (2007) 89-131
54. Wyss M., and Kaddurah-Daouk R. Creatine and creatinine metabolism. Physiol Rev 80 3 (2000) 1107-1213
55. Christiansen P., Toft P., Larsson H.B., et al. The concentration of N-acetyl aspartate, creatine + phosphocreatine, and choline in different parts of the brain in adulthood and senium. Magn Reson Imaging 11 6 (1993) 799-806
56. Brief E.E., Whittall K.P., Li D.K., et al. Proton T1 relaxation times of cerebral metabolites differ within and between regions of normal human brain. NMR Biomed 16 8 (2003) 503-509
57. Degaonkar M.N., Pomper M.G., and Barker P.B. Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging: regional variations in the corpus callosum and cortical gray matter. J Magn Reson Imaging 22 2 (2005) 175-179
58. Kent C. Regulatory enzymes of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis: a personal perspective. [review]. Biochim Biophys Acta 1733 1 (2005) 53-66
59. Babb S.M., Ke Y., Lange N., et al. Oral choline increases choline metabolites in human brain. Psychiatry Res 130 1 (2004) 1-9
60. Cho Y.D., Choi G.H., Lee S.P., et al. (1)H-MRS metabolic patterns for distinguishing between meningiomas and other brain tumors. Magn Reson Imaging 21 6 (2003) 663-672
61. Gajewicz W., Papierz W., Szymczak W., et al. The use of proton MRS in the differential diagnosis of brain tumors and tumor like processes. Med Sci Monit 9 9 (2003) MT97-MT105
62. Preul M.C., Caramanos Z., Collins D.L., et al. Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of human brain tumors by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nat Med 2 (1996) 323-325
63. Del Sole A., Falini A., Ravasi L., et al. Anatomical and biochemical investigation of primary brain tumours. [review]. Eur J Nucl Med 28 12 (2001) 1851-1872
64. Delorme S., and Weber M.A. Applications of MRS in the evaluation of focal malignant brain lesions. Cancer Imaging 22 6 (2006) 95-99
65. Lai P.H., Ho J.T., Chen W.L., et al. Brain abscess and necrotic brain tumor: discrimination with proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23 8 (2002) 1369-1377
66. Devos A., Lukas L., Suykens J.A., et al. Classification of brain tumours using short echo time 1H MR spectra. J Magn Reson 170 (2004) 164-175
67. Li X., Vigneron D.B., Cha S., et al. Relationship of MR-derived lactate, mobile lipids, and relative blood volume for gliomas in vivo. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26 4 (2005) 760-769
68. Law M., Yang S., Wang H., et al. Glioma grading: sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of perfusion MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopic imaging compared with conventional MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 10 (2003) 1989-1998
69. Fayed N., Morales H., Modrego P.J., et al. Contrast/noise ratio on conventional MRI and choline/creatine ratio on proton MRI spectroscopy accurately discriminate low-grade from high-grade cerebral gliomas. Acad Radiol 13 6 (2006) 728-737
70. Chen J., Huang S.L., Li T., et al. In vivo research in astrocytoma cell proliferation with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy: correlation with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Neuroradiology 48 5 (2006) 312-318
71. Jenkinson M.D., Smith T.S., Joyce K., et al. MRS of oligodendroglial tumors: correlation with histopathology and genetic subtypes. Neurology 64 12 (2005) 2085-2089
72. White M.L., Zhang Y., Kirby P., et al. Can tumor contrast enhancement be used as a criterion for differentiating tumor grades of oligodendrogliomas?. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26 (2005) 784-790
73. Lev M.H., Ozsunar Y., Henson J.W., et al. Glial tumor grading and outcome prediction using dynamic spin-echo MR susceptibility mapping compared with conventional contrast-enhanced MR: confounding effect of elevated rCBV of oligodendrogliomoas. [sic]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25 (2004) 214-221
74. Xu M., See S.J., Ng W.H., et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and perfusion-weighted imaging in presurgical grading of oligodendroglial tumors. Neurosurgery 56 (2005) 919-924
75. Chernov M., Hayashi M., Izawa M., et al. Differentiation of the radiation-induced necrosis and tumor recurrence after gamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastases: importance of multi-voxel proton MRS. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 48 4 (2005) 228-234
76. Gajewicz W., Grzelak P., Gorska-Chrzastek M., et al. [The usefulness of fused MRI and SPECT images for the voxel positioning in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and planning the biopsy of brain tumors: presentation of the method]. [abstract]. Neurol Neurochir Pol 40 4 (2006) 284-290 [in Polish]
77. Hall W.A., Martin A., Liu H., et al. Improving diagnostic yield in brain biopsy: coupling spectroscopic targeting with real-time needle placement. J Magn Reson Imaging 13 1 (2001) 12-15
78. Payne G.S., and Leach M.O. Applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in radiotherapy treatment planning. Br J Radiol 79 Special Issue 1 (2006) S16-S26
79. Graves E.E., Nelson S.J., Vigneron D.B., et al. A preliminary study of the prognostic value of 1H-spectroscopy in gamma knife radiosurgery of recurrent malignant gliomas. Neurosurgery (Baltimore) 46 (2000) 319-328
80. Graves E.E., Pirzkall A., Nelson S.J., et al. Registration of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to computed tomography for radiotherapy treatment planning. Med Phys 28 (2001) 2489-2496
81. Cohen B.A., Knopp E.A., Rusinek H., et al. Assessing global invasion of newly diagnosed glial tumors with whole-brain proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26 9 (2005) 2170-2177
82. Matulewicz L., Sokol M., Wydmanski J., et al. Could lipid CH2/CH3 analysis by in vivo 1H MRS help in differentiation of tumor recurrence and post-radiation effects?. Folia Neuropathol 44 2 (2006) 116-124
83. Chan Y.L., Yeung D.K., Leung S.F., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of late delayed radiation-induced injury of the brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 10 2 (1999) 130-137
84. Graves E.E., Nelson S.J., Vigneron D.B., et al. Serial proton MR spectroscopic imaging of recurrent malignant gliomas after gamma knife radiosurgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2 (2001) 613-624
85. Plotkin M., Eisenacher J., Bruhn H., et al. 123I-IMT SPECT and 1H MR-spectroscopy at 3.0 T in the differential diagnosis of recurrent or residual gliomas: a comparative study. J Neurooncol 70 1 (2004) 49-58
86. Hollingworth W., Medina L.S., Lenkinski R.E., et al. A systematic literature review of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the characterization of brain tumors. [review]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 7 (2006) 1404-1411
87. Kaur B., Tan C., Brat D.J., et al. Genetic and hypoxic regulation of angiogenesis in gliomas. [review]. J Neurooncol 70 2 (2004) 229-243
88. Manoonkitiwongsa P.S., Schultz R.L., Whitter E.F., et al. Contraindications of VEGF-based therapeutic angiogenesis: effects on macrophage density and histology of normal and ischemic brains. Vascul Pharmacol 44 5 (2006) 316-325
89. Liebner S., Fischmann A., Rascher G., et al. Claudin-1 and claudin-5 expression and tight junction morphology are altered in blood vessels of human glioblastoma multiforme. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 100 3 (2000) 323-331
90. Davies D.C. Blood-brain barrier breakdown in septic encephalopathy and brain tumours. [review]. J Anat 200 6 (2002) 639-646
91. Nakagawa T., Tanaka R., Takeuchi S., et al. Haemodynamic evaluation of cerebral gliomas using XeCT. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 140 3 (1998) 223-233
92. Muizelaar J.P., Fatouros P.P., and Schroder M.L. A new method for quantitative regional cerebral blood volume measurements using computed tomography. Stroke 28 10 (1997) 1998-2005
93. Yang S., Law M., and Zagzag D. Dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging measurements of endothelial permeability: differentiation between atypical and typical meningiomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 (2003) 1554-1559
94. Hartmann M., Heiland S., Harting I., et al. Distinguishing of primary cerebral lymphoma from high-grade gliomas with perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosci Lett 338 (2003) 119-122
95. Rollin N., Guyotat J., Streichenberger N., et al. Clinical relevance of diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in assessing intra-axial brain tumors. Neuroradiology 48 3 (2006) 150-159
96. Essig M., Waschkies M., Wenz F., et al. Assessment of brain metastases with dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging: initial results. Radiology 228 1 (2003) 193-199
97. Kremer S., Grand S., Berger F., et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: differentiating melanoma and renal carcinoma metastases from high-grade astrocytomas and other metastases. Neuroradiology 45 1 (2003) 44-49
98. Kremer S., Grand S., Remy C., et al. Contribution of dynamic contrast MR imaging to the differentiation between dural metastasis and meningioma. Neuroradiology 46 8 (2004) 642-648
99. Hakyemez B., Erdogan C., Ercan I., et al. High-grade and low-grade gliomas: differentiation by using perfusion MR imaging. Clin Radiol 60 4 (2005) 493-502
100. Knopp E.A., Cha S., Johnson G., et al. Glial neoplasms: dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 211 (1999) 791-798
101. Sugahara T., Korogi Y., Kochi M., et al. Correlation of MR imaging-determined cerebral blood volume maps with histologic and angiographic determination of vascularity of gliomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 171 (1998) 1479-1486
102. Maia A.C., Malheiros S.M., da Rocha A.J., et al. MR cerebral blood volume maps correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor expression and tumor grade in nonenhancing gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26 4 (2005) 777-783
103. Shin J.H., Lee H.K., Kwun B.D., et al. Using relative cerebral blood flow and volume to evaluate the histopathologic grade of cerebral gliomas: preliminary results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179 3 (2002) 783-789
104. Aronen H.J., Gazit I.E., Louis D.N., et al. Cerebral blood volume maps of gliomas: comparison with tumor grade and histologic findings. Radiology 191 1 (1994) 41-51
105. Chaskis C., Stadnik T., Michotte A., et al. Prognostic value of perfusion-weighted imaging in brain glioma: a prospective study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 148 3 (2006) 277-285 [comment: 285]
106. Lupo J.M., Cha S., Chang S.M., et al. Dynamic susceptibility-weighted perfusion imaging of high-grade gliomas: characterization of spatial heterogeneity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26 6 (2005) 1446-1454
107. Maia A.C., Malheiros S.M., da Rocha A.J., et al. Stereotactic biopsy guidance in adults with supratentorial nonenhancing gliomas: role of perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 101 6 (2004) 970-976
108. Tsui E.Y., Chan J.H., Leung T.W., et al. Radionecrosis of the temporal lobe: dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI. Neuroradiology 42 2 (2000) 149-152
109. Siegal T., Rubinstein R., Tzuk-Shina T., et al. Utility of relative cerebral blood volume mapping derived from perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in the routine follow up of brain tumors. J Neurosurg 86 1 (1997) 22-27
110. Sugahara T., Korogi Y., Tomiguchi S., et al. Posttherapeutic intraaxial brain tumor: the value of perfusion-sensitive contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiating tumor recurrence from nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21 5 (2000) 901-909
111. Ostergaard L., Hochberg F.H., Rabinov J.D., et al. Early changes measured by magnetic resonance imaging in cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and blood-brain barrier permeability following dexamethasone treatment in patients with brain tumors. J Neurosurg 90 2 (1999) 300-305
112. Wilkinson I.D., Jellineck D.A., Levy D., et al. Dexamethasone and enhancing solitary cerebral mass lesions: alterations in perfusion and blood-tumor barrier kinetics shown by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgery 58 4 (2006) 640-646
113. Roberts H.C., Roberts T.P., Ley S., et al. Quantitative estimation of microvascular permeability in human brain tumors: correlation of dynamic Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging with histopathologic grading. Acad Radiol 9 Suppl 1 (2002) S151-S155
114. Hazle J.D., Jackson E.F., Schomer D.F., et al. Dynamic imaging of intracranial lesions using fast spin-echo imaging: differentiation of brain tumors and treatment effects. J Magn Reson Imaging 7 6 (1997) 1084-1093
115. Uematsu H., Maeda M., Sadato N., et al. Vascular permeability: quantitative measurement with double-echo dynamic MR imaging-theory and clinical application. Radiology 214 (2000) 912-917
116. Roberts H.C., Roberts T.P.L., Brasch R.C., et al. Quantitative measurement of microvascular permeability in human brain tumors achieved using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging: correlation with histologic grade. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21 (2000) 891-899
117. Provenzale J.M., Wang G.R., Brenner T., et al. Comparison of permeability in high-grade and low-grade brain tumors using dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 178 (2002) 711-716
118. Law M., Yang S., Babb J.S., et al. Comparison of cerebral blood volume and vascular permeability from dynamic susceptibility contrast enhanced perfusion MR imaging with glioma grade. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25 (2003) 746-755
119. Law M., Young R., Babb J., et al. Comparing perfusion metrics obtained from a single compartment versus pharmacokinetic modeling methods using dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging with glioma grade. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 9 (2006) 1975-1982
120. Jackson A., Kassner A., Annesley-Williams D., et al. Abnormalities in the recirculation phase of contrast agent bolus passage in cerebral gliomas: comparison with relative blood volume and tumor grade. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23 1 (2002) 7-14
121. Provenzale J.M., York G., Moya M.G., et al. Correlation of relative permeability and relative cerebral blood volume in high-grade cerebral neoplasms. AJR Am J Roentgenol 187 4 (2006) 1036-1042
122. Preusser M., Haberler C., and Hainfellner J.A. Malignant glioma: neuropathology and neurobiology. [review]. Wien Med Wochenschr 156 11-12 (2006) 332-337
123. Law M., Oh S., Babb J.S., et al. Low-grade gliomas: dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging-prediction of patient clinical response. Radiology 238 2 (2006) 658-667