메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 21-47

Diagnosing and monitoring seizures in the ICU: The role of continuous EEG for detection and management of seizures in critically ill patients

Author keywords

Continuous EEG monitoring; Critical care; Intensive care unit; Neurotelemetry; Nonconvulsive seizures; Status epilepticus

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE;

EID: 79953717421     PISSN: 15590585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-532-3_2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (4)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 2442711407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients
    • Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, Emerson RG, Hirsch LJ (2004) Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology 62(10):1743-8
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , Issue.10 , pp. 1743-1748
    • Claassen, J.1    Mayer, S.A.2    Kowalski, R.G.3    Emerson, R.G.4    Hirsch, L.J.5
  • 2
    • 0032801735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in acute brain injury
    • Jordan K (1999) Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in acute brain injury. J Clin Neurophysiol 16(4):332-40
    • (1999) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 332-340
    • Jordan, K.1
  • 3
    • 3142742474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital videoelectroencephalographic monitoring in the neurological-neurosurgical intensive care unit: Clinical features and outcome
    • Pandian JD, Cascino GD, So EL, Manno E, Fulgham JR (2004) Digital videoelectroencephalographic monitoring in the neurological-neurosurgical intensive care unit: clinical features and outcome. Arch Neurol 61(7):1090-4
    • (2004) Arch Neurol , vol.61 , Issue.7 , pp. 1090-1094
    • Pandian, J.D.1    Cascino, G.D.2    So, E.L.3    Manno, E.4    Fulgham, J.R.5
  • 4
    • 0034711729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose patients
    • Towne AR, Waterhouse EJ, Boggs JG et al (2000) Prevalence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose patients. Neurology 54(2):340-5
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 340-345
    • Towne, A.R.1    Waterhouse, E.J.2    Boggs, J.G.3
  • 5
    • 0028240033 scopus 로고
    • EEG detection of nontonicclonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousness
    • Privitera M, Hoffman M, Moore JL, Jester D (1994) EEG detection of nontonicclonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousness. Epilepsy Res 18(2):155-66
    • (1994) Epilepsy Res , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-166
    • Privitera, M.1    Hoffman, M.2    Moore, J.L.3    Jester, D.4
  • 6
    • 0030015932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of nonconvulsive seizures in the intensive care unit using continuous EEG monitoring: An investigation of variables associated with mortality
    • Young GB, Jordan KG, Doig GS (1996) An assessment of nonconvulsive seizures in the intensive care unit using continuous EEG monitoring: an investigation of variables associated with mortality. Neurology 47(1):83-9
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-89
    • Young, G.B.1    Jordan, K.G.2    Doig, G.S.3
  • 7
    • 25844529579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Epilepsy Research Foundation Workshop Reports
    • Walker M, Cross H, Smith S et al (2005) Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Epilepsy Research Foundation Workshop Reports. Epileptic Disord 7(3):253-96
    • (2005) Epileptic Disord , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-296
    • Walker, M.1    Cross, H.2    Smith, S.3
  • 8
    • 0026584513 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and EEG features of status epilepticus in comatose patients
    • Lowenstein DH, Aminoff MJ (1992) Clinical and EEG features of status epilepticus in comatose patients. Neurology 42(1):100-4
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 100-104
    • Lowenstein, D.H.1    Aminoff, M.J.2
  • 9
    • 0036554976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral Manifestations of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
    • Kaplan PW (2002) Behavioral Manifestations of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 3(2):122-39
    • (2002) Epilepsy Behav , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-139
    • Kaplan, P.W.1
  • 10
    • 0037310334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-convulsive status epilepticus: Usefulness of clinical features in selecting patients for urgent EEG
    • Husain AM, Horn GJ, Jacobson MP (2003) Non-convulsive status epilepticus: usefulness of clinical features in selecting patients for urgent EEG. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74(2):189-91
    • (2003) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-191
    • Husain, A.M.1    Horn, G.J.2    Jacobson, M.P.3
  • 11
    • 34447106909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonconvulsive seizures: Developing a rational approach to the diagnosis and management in the critically ill population
    • Jirsch J, Hirsch LJ (2007) Nonconvulsive seizures: developing a rational approach to the diagnosis and management in the critically ill population. Clin Neurophysiol 118(8):1660-70
    • (2007) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.118 , Issue.8 , pp. 1660-1670
    • Jirsch, J.1    Hirsch, L.J.2
  • 12
    • 33744764256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of subdermal wire electrodes with collodion-applied disk electrodes in long-term EEG recordings in ICU
    • Young GB, Ives JR, Chapman MG, Mirsattari SM (2006) A comparison of subdermal wire electrodes with collodion-applied disk electrodes in long-term EEG recordings in ICU. Clin Neurophysiol 117(6):1376-9
    • (2006) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.117 , Issue.6 , pp. 1376-1379
    • Young, G.B.1    Ives, J.R.2    Chapman, M.G.3    Mirsattari, S.M.4
  • 13
    • 3843142809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI compatible EEG electrode system for routine use in the epilepsy monitoring unit and intensive care unit
    • Mirsattari SM, Lee DH, Jones D, Bihari F, Ives JR (2004) MRI compatible EEG electrode system for routine use in the epilepsy monitoring unit and intensive care unit. Clin Neurophysiol 115(9):2175-80
    • (2004) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.115 , Issue.9 , pp. 2175-2180
    • Mirsattari, S.M.1    Lee, D.H.2    Jones, D.3    Bihari, F.4    Ives, J.R.5
  • 14
    • 0032974944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: Pitfalls and caveats
    • Young GB, Campbell VC (1999) EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: pitfalls and caveats. J Clin Neurophysiol 16(1):40
    • (1999) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 40
    • Young, G.B.1    Campbell, V.C.2
  • 15
    • 10344222963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: An overview
    • Hirsch LJ (2004) Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: an overview. J Clin Neurophysiol 21(5):332-40
    • (2004) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 332-340
    • Hirsch, L.J.1
  • 16
    • 0024511961 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges: Relationship with status epilepticus
    • Snodgrass SM, Tsuburaya K, Ajmone-Marsan C (1989) Clinical significance of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges: relationship with status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol 6(2):159-72
    • (1989) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-172
    • Snodgrass, S.M.1    Tsuburaya, K.2    Ajmone-Marsan, C.3
  • 17
    • 0842289919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs): A common EEG phenomenon in the critically ill
    • Hirsch LJ, Claassen J, Mayer SA, Emerson RG (2004) Stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs): a common EEG phenomenon in the critically ill. Epilepsia 45(2):109-23
    • (2004) Epilepsia , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-123
    • Hirsch, L.J.1    Claassen, J.2    Mayer, S.A.3    Emerson, R.G.4
  • 18
    • 44849098116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal motor seizures induced by alerting stimuli in critically ill patients
    • Hirsch LJ, Pang T, Claassen J et al (2008) Focal motor seizures induced by alerting stimuli in critically ill patients. Epilepsia 49(6):968-73
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 968-973
    • Hirsch, L.J.1    Pang, T.2    Claassen, J.3
  • 19
    • 0031473288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early detection of vasospasm after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage using continuous EEG ICU monitoring
    • Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Juhász C et al (1997) Early detection of vasospasm after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage using continuous EEG ICU monitoring. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 103(6):607-15
    • (1997) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.103 , Issue.6 , pp. 607-615
    • Vespa, P.M.1    Nuwer, M.R.2    Juhász, C.3
  • 20
    • 16844368280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: Technical and staffing considerations
    • Kull LL, Emerson RG (2005) Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: technical and staffing considerations. J Clin Neurophysiol 22(2):107
    • (2005) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 107
    • Kull, L.L.1    Emerson, R.G.2
  • 21
    • 35148856609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography for neonatal seizure detection
    • Shellhaas RA, Soaita AI, Clancy RR (2007) Sensitivity of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography for neonatal seizure detection. Pediatrics 120(4):770-7
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.120 , Issue.4 , pp. 770-777
    • Shellhaas, R.A.1    Soaita, A.I.2    Clancy, R.R.3
  • 22
    • 34248562185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of hairline EEG as a screening tool for nonconvulsive status epilepticus
    • Kolls BJ, Husain AM (2007) Assessment of hairline EEG as a screening tool for nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia 48(5):959-65
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 959-965
    • Kolls, B.J.1    Husain, A.M.2
  • 23
    • 10344247133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data analysis for continuous EEG monitoring in the ICU: Seeing the forest and the trees
    • Scheuer ML, Wilson SB (2004) Data analysis for continuous EEG monitoring in the ICU: seeing the forest and the trees. J Clin Neurophysiol 21(5):353-78
    • (2004) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 353-378
    • Scheuer, M.L.1    Wilson, S.B.2
  • 24
    • 8844264623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative continuous EEG for detecting delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Kreiter KT et al (2004) Quantitative continuous EEG for detecting delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Neurophysiol 115(12):2699-710
    • (2004) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.115 , Issue.12 , pp. 2699-2710
    • Claassen, J.1    Hirsch, L.J.2    Kreiter, K.T.3
  • 25
    • 0036247410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between simultaneously recorded amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (cerebral function monitor) and standard electroencephalogram in neonates
    • Toet MC, van der Meij W, de Vries LS, Uiterwaal CS, van Huffelen KC (2002) Comparison between simultaneously recorded amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (cerebral function monitor) and standard electroencephalogram in neonates. Pediatrics 109(5):772-9
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , Issue.5 , pp. 772-779
    • Toet, M.C.1    van der Meij, W.2    de Vries, L.S.3    Uiterwaal, C.S.4    van Huffelen, K.C.5
  • 26
    • 0023819437 scopus 로고
    • High-dose barbiturate control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury
    • Eisenberg HM, Frankowski RF, Contant CF, Marshall LF, Walker MD (1988) High-dose barbiturate control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 69(1):15-23
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-23
    • Eisenberg, H.M.1    Frankowski, R.F.2    Contant, C.F.3    Marshall, L.F.4    Walker, M.D.5
  • 27
    • 0032818782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing sedation during intensive care unit mechanical ventilation with the Bispectral Index and the Sedation-Agitation Scale
    • Simmons LE, Riker RR, Prato BS, Fraser GL (1999) Assessing sedation during intensive care unit mechanical ventilation with the Bispectral Index and the Sedation-Agitation Scale. Crit Care Med 27(8):1499-504
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1499-1504
    • Simmons, L.E.1    Riker, R.R.2    Prato, B.S.3    Fraser, G.L.4
  • 28
    • 10744225339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Patient State Index as an indicator of the level of hypnosis under general anaesthesia
    • Prichep LS, Gugino LD, John ER et al (2004) The Patient State Index as an indicator of the level of hypnosis under general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 92(3):393-9
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.92 , Issue.3 , pp. 393-399
    • Prichep, L.S.1    Gugino, L.D.2    John, E.R.3
  • 30
    • 25644433473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can electroencephalographic analysis be used to determine sedation levels in critically ill patients?
    • Roustan JP, Valette S, Aubas P, Rondouin G, Capdevila X (2005) Can electroencephalographic analysis be used to determine sedation levels in critically ill patients? In: IARS: 1141-1151
    • (2005) In: IARS , pp. 1141-1151
    • Roustan, J.P.1    Valette, S.2    Aubas, P.3    Rondouin, G.4    Capdevila, X.5
  • 31
    • 33846241740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in the management of seizures and status epilepticus in critically ill patients
    • Abou Khaled KJ, Hirsch LJ (2006) Advances in the management of seizures and status epilepticus in critically ill patients. Crit Care Clin 22(4):637-59
    • (2006) Crit Care Clin , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 637-659
    • Abou Khaled, K.J.1    Hirsch, L.J.2
  • 32
  • 33
    • 33845543147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and predictors of nonconvulsive seizures during continuous electroencephalographic monitoring in critically ill children
    • Jette N, Claassen J, Emerson RG, Hirsch LJ (2006) Frequency and predictors of nonconvulsive seizures during continuous electroencephalographic monitoring in critically ill children. Arch Neurol 63(12):1750-5
    • (2006) Arch Neurol , vol.63 , Issue.12 , pp. 1750-1755
    • Jette, N.1    Claassen, J.2    Emerson, R.G.3    Hirsch, L.J.4
  • 34
    • 16844362682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous EEG monitoring for the detection of seizures in traumatic brain injury, infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage: "to detect and protect"
    • Vespa P (2005) Continuous EEG monitoring for the detection of seizures in traumatic brain injury, infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage: "to detect and protect". J Clin Neurophysiol 22(2):99-106
    • (2005) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-106
    • Vespa, P.1
  • 35
    • 0032135267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus
    • DeLorenzo RJ, Waterhouse EJ, Towne AR et al (1998) Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia 39(8):833-40
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39 , Issue.8 , pp. 833-840
    • Delorenzo, R.J.1    Waterhouse, E.J.2    Towne, A.R.3
  • 36
    • 66449124008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous Electroencephalography in the Medical Intensive Care Unit
    • Oddo M, Carrera E, Claassen J, Mayer SA, Hirsch LJ. (2009) Continuous Electroencephalography in the Medical Intensive Care Unit. Crit Care Medicine 37(6): 2051-2056
    • (2009) Crit Care Medicine , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 2051-2056
    • Oddo, M.1    Carrera, E.2    Claassen, J.3    Mayer, S.A.4    Hirsch, L.J.5
  • 37
    • 0033768303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EEG in Coma
    • Young GB (2000) The EEG in Coma. J Clin Neurophysiol 17(5):473
    • (2000) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 473
    • Young, G.B.1
  • 38
    • 10344228248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EEG in metabolic encephalopathy and coma
    • Kaplan PW (2004) The EEG in metabolic encephalopathy and coma. J Clin Neurophysiol 21(5):307-18
    • (2004) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 307-318
    • Kaplan, P.W.1
  • 39
    • 16844371573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which EEG patterns warrant treatment in the critically ill? Reviewing the evidence for treatment of periodic epileptiform discharges and related patterns
    • Chong DJ, Hirsch LJ (2005) Which EEG patterns warrant treatment in the critically ill? Reviewing the evidence for treatment of periodic epileptiform discharges and related patterns. J Clin Neurophysiol 22(2):79-91
    • (2005) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-91
    • Chong, D.J.1    Hirsch, L.J.2
  • 40
    • 0025968729 scopus 로고
    • Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges with transitional rhythmic discharges: Association with seizures
    • Reiher J, Rivest J, Grand'Maison F, Leduc CP (1991) Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges with transitional rhythmic discharges: association with seizures. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 78(1):12-7
    • (1991) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-17
    • Reiher, J.1    Rivest, J.2    Grand'Maison, F.3    Leduc, C.P.4
  • 41
    • 0033012854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized periodic epileptiform discharges: Etiologies, relationship to status epilepticus, and prognosis
    • Husain AM, Mebust KA, Radtke RA (1999) Generalized periodic epileptiform discharges: etiologies, relationship to status epilepticus, and prognosis. J Clin Neurophysiol 16(1):51-8
    • (1999) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-58
    • Husain, A.M.1    Mebust, K.A.2    Radtke, R.A.3
  • 43
    • 0028075002 scopus 로고
    • Markedly increased mesiotemporal lobe metabolism in a case with PLEDs: Further evidence that PLEDs are a manifestation of partial status epilepticus
    • Handforth A, Cheng JT, Mandelkern MA, Treiman DM (1994) Markedly increased mesiotemporal lobe metabolism in a case with PLEDs: further evidence that PLEDs are a manifestation of partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia 35(4):876-81
    • (1994) Epilepsia , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 876-881
    • Handforth, A.1    Cheng, J.T.2    Mandelkern, M.A.3    Treiman, D.M.4
  • 44
    • 0034920229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPECT in periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs): A form of partial status epilepticus?
    • Assal F, Papazyan JP, Slosman DO, Jallon P, Goerres GW (2001) SPECT in periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs): a form of partial status epilepticus? Seizure 10(4):260-5
    • (2001) Seizure , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 260-265
    • Assal, F.1    Papazyan, J.P.2    Slosman, D.O.3    Jallon, P.4    Goerres, G.W.5
  • 45
    • 0346817420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPECT in a patient with postictal PLEDs: Is hyperperfusion evidence of electrical seizure?
    • Bozkurt MF, Saygi S, Erbas B (2002) SPECT in a patient with postictal PLEDs: is hyperperfusion evidence of electrical seizure? Clin Electroencephalogr 33(4):171-3
    • (2002) Clin Electroencephalogr , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 171-173
    • Bozkurt, M.F.1    Saygi, S.2    Erbas, B.3
  • 46
    • 0022454847 scopus 로고
    • Confusional states with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs): A peculiar epileptic syndrome in the elderly
    • Terzano MG, Parrino L, Mazzucchi A, Moretti G (1986) Confusional states with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs): a peculiar epileptic syndrome in the elderly. Epilepsia 27(4):446-57
    • (1986) Epilepsia , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 446-457
    • Terzano, M.G.1    Parrino, L.2    Mazzucchi, A.3    Moretti, G.4
  • 47
    • 0022637681 scopus 로고
    • Chronic periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges
    • Westmoreland BF, Klass DW, Sharbrough FW (1986) Chronic periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Arch Neurol 43(5):494-6
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 494-496
    • Westmoreland, B.F.1    Klass, D.W.2    Sharbrough, F.W.3
  • 48
    • 0036285510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it status?
    • Brenner RP (2002) Is it status? Epilepsia 43(Suppl 3):103-13
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPL 3 , pp. 103-113
    • Brenner, R.P.1
  • 49
    • 0035197534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of benzodiazepines on triphasic waves: Implications for nonconvulsive status epilepticus
    • Fountain NB, Waldman WA (2001) Effects of benzodiazepines on triphasic waves: implications for nonconvulsive status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol 18(4):345-52
    • (2001) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-352
    • Fountain, N.B.1    Waldman, W.A.2
  • 50
    • 55249110276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and treatment of refractory status epilepticus in the intensive care unit
    • Drislane FW, Lopez MR, Blum AS, Schomer DL (2008) Detection and treatment of refractory status epilepticus in the intensive care unit. J Clin Neurophysiol 25(4):181-6
    • (2008) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 181-186
    • Drislane, F.W.1    Lopez, M.R.2    Blum, A.S.3    Schomer, D.L.4
  • 51
    • 34748925344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrographic seizures and periodic discharges after intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Claassen J, Jette N, Chum F et al (2007) Electrographic seizures and periodic discharges after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 69(13):1356-65
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , Issue.13 , pp. 1356-1365
    • Claassen, J.1    Jette, N.2    Chum, F.3
  • 52
    • 33646921262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of continuous EEG monitoring in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Frontera JA et al (2006) Prognostic significance of continuous EEG monitoring in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 4(2):103-12
    • (2006) Neurocrit Care , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-112
    • Claassen, J.1    Hirsch, L.J.2    Frontera, J.A.3
  • 53
    • 0031394845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of EEG monitoring after status epilepticus: A prospective adult study
    • Jaitly R, Sgro JA, Towne AR, Ko D, DeLorenzo RJ (1997) Prognostic value of EEG monitoring after status epilepticus: a prospective adult study. J Clin Neurophysiol 14(4):326-34
    • (1997) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 326-334
    • Jaitly, R.1    Sgro, J.A.2    Towne, A.R.3    Ko, D.4    Delorenzo, R.J.5
  • 54
    • 39549100795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathological effect of homeostatic synaptic scaling on network dynamics in diseases of the cortex
    • Frohlich F, Bazhenov M, Sejnowski TJ (2008) Pathological effect of homeostatic synaptic scaling on network dynamics in diseases of the cortex. J Neurosci 28(7):1709
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1709
    • Frohlich, F.1    Bazhenov, M.2    Sejnowski, T.J.3
  • 55
    • 0031910475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do nonconvulsive seizures damage the brain?-No
    • Aminoff MJ (1998) Do nonconvulsive seizures damage the brain?-No. Arch Neurol 55(1):119-20
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-120
    • Aminoff, M.J.1
  • 56
    • 0031887410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do Nonconvulsive seizures damage the brain?-Yes
    • Young GB, Jordan KG (1998) Do Nonconvulsive seizures damage the brain?-Yes. Arch Neurol 55(1):117-9
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-119
    • Young, G.B.1    Jordan, K.G.2
  • 57
    • 0033381819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring
    • Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Nenov V et al (1999) Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring. J Neurosurg 91(5):750-60
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.91 , Issue.5 , pp. 750-760
    • Vespa, P.M.1    Nuwer, M.R.2    Nenov, V.3
  • 58
    • 0345327757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in nonconvulsive status epilepticus
    • Shneker BF, Fountain NB (2003) Assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology 61(8):1066-73
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , Issue.8 , pp. 1066-1073
    • Shneker, B.F.1    Fountain, N.B.2
  • 60
    • 0031791138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the critically ill elderly
    • Litt B, Wityk RJ, Hertz SH et al (1998) Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the critically ill elderly. Epilepsia 39(11):1194-202
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39 , Issue.11 , pp. 1194-1202
    • Litt, B.1    Wityk, R.J.2    Hertz, S.H.3
  • 61
    • 0015829648 scopus 로고
    • Systemic factors and epileptic brain damage Prolonged seizures in paralyzed, artificially ventilated baboons
    • Meldrum BS, Vigouroux RA, Brierley JB (1973) Systemic factors and epileptic brain damage Prolonged seizures in paralyzed, artificially ventilated baboons. Arch Neurol 29(2):82-7
    • (1973) Arch Neurol , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 82-87
    • Meldrum, B.S.1    Vigouroux, R.A.2    Brierley, J.B.3
  • 62
    • 0037069250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizure-induced neuronal injury: Animal data
    • Holmes GL (2002) Seizure-induced neuronal injury: animal data. Neurology 59(9 Suppl 5):S3-6
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , Issue.9 SUPPL 5
    • Holmes, G.L.1
  • 63
    • 11144353793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term behavioral and morphological consequences of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in rats
    • Krsek P, Mikulecka A, Druga R et al (2004) Long-term behavioral and morphological consequences of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in rats. Epilepsy Behav 5(2):180-91
    • (2004) Epilepsy Behav , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 180-191
    • Krsek, P.1    Mikulecka, A.2    Druga, R.3
  • 64
    • 0024521215 scopus 로고
    • Self-sustaining limbic status epilepticus induced by 'continuous' hippocampal stimulation: Electrographic and behavioral characteristics
    • Lothman EW, Bertram EH, Bekenstein JW, Perlin JB (1989) Self-sustaining limbic status epilepticus induced by 'continuous' hippocampal stimulation: electrographic and behavioral characteristics. Epilepsy Res 3(2):107-19
    • (1989) Epilepsy Res , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-119
    • Lothman, E.W.1    Bertram, E.H.2    Bekenstein, J.W.3    Perlin, J.B.4
  • 65
    • 0028286992 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal loss induced in limbic pathways by kindling: Evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures
    • Cavazos JE, Das I, Sutula TP (1994) Neuronal loss induced in limbic pathways by kindling: evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures. J Neurosci 14(5 Pt 2):3106-21
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , Issue.5 PART 2 , pp. 3106-3121
    • Cavazos, J.E.1    Das, I.2    Sutula, T.P.3
  • 66
    • 0036458341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated brief seizures induce progressive hippocampal neuron loss and memory deficits
    • Kotloski R, Lynch M, Lauersdorf S, Sutula T (2002) Repeated brief seizures induce progressive hippocampal neuron loss and memory deficits. Prog Brain Res 135:95-110
    • (2002) Prog Brain Res , vol.135 , pp. 95-110
    • Kotloski, R.1    Lynch, M.2    Lauersdorf, S.3    Sutula, T.4
  • 68
    • 34347400017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired single cell firing and long-term potentiation parallels memory impairment following recurrent seizures
    • Zhou JL, Shatskikh TN, Liu X, Holmes GL (2007) Impaired single cell firing and long-term potentiation parallels memory impairment following recurrent seizures. Eur J NeuroSci 25(12):3667-77
    • (2007) Eur J NeuroSci , vol.25 , Issue.12 , pp. 3667-3677
    • Zhou, J.L.1    Shatskikh, T.N.2    Liu, X.3    Holmes, G.L.4
  • 69
    • 0034052613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged febrile seizures in the immature rat model enhance hippocampal excitability long term
    • Dube C, Chen K, Eghbal-Ahmadi M, Brunson K, Soltesz I, Baram TZ (2000) Prolonged febrile seizures in the immature rat model enhance hippocampal excitability long term. Ann Neurol 47(3):336-44
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 336-344
    • Dube, C.1    Chen, K.2    Eghbal-Ahmadi, M.3    Brunson, K.4    Soltesz, I.5    Baram, T.Z.6
  • 70
    • 0026503657 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal pyramidal cell loss in human status epilepticus
    • DeGiorgio CM, Tomiyasu U, Gott PS, Treiman DM (1992) Hippocampal pyramidal cell loss in human status epilepticus. Epilepsia 33(1):23-7
    • (1992) Epilepsia , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-27
    • Degiorgio, C.M.1    Tomiyasu, U.2    Gott, P.S.3    Treiman, D.M.4
  • 72
    • 0029942866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuron-specific enolase, a marker of acute neuronal injury, is increased in complex partial status epilepticus
    • DeGiorgio CM, Gott PS, Rabinowicz AL, Heck CN, Smith TD, Correale JD (1996) Neuron-specific enolase, a marker of acute neuronal injury, is increased in complex partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia 37(7):606-9
    • (1996) Epilepsia , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 606-609
    • Degiorgio, C.M.1    Gott, P.S.2    Rabinowicz, A.L.3    Heck, C.N.4    Smith, T.D.5    Correale, J.D.6
  • 73
    • 53449085281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: A video-EEG study
    • Palmio J, Keranen T, Alapirtti T et al (2008) Elevated serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: A video-EEG study. Epilepsy Res 81(2-3):155-60
    • (2008) Epilepsy Res , vol.81 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 155-160
    • Palmio, J.1    Keranen, T.2    Alapirtti, T.3
  • 75
    • 0031786115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in extracellular glutamate caused by reduced cerebral perfusion pressure and seizures after human traumatic brain injury: A microdialysis study
    • Vespa P, Prins M, Ronne-Engstrom E et al (1998) Increase in extracellular glutamate caused by reduced cerebral perfusion pressure and seizures after human traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study. J Neurosurg 89(6):971-82
    • (1998) J Neurosurg , vol.89 , Issue.6 , pp. 971-982
    • Vespa, P.1    Prins, M.2    Ronne-Engstrom, E.3
  • 76
    • 36448969810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonconvulsive electrographic seizures after traumatic brain injury result in a delayed, prolonged increase in intracranial pressure and metabolic crisis
    • Vespa PM, Miller C, McArthur D, et al. Nonconvulsive electrographic seizures after traumatic brain injury result in a delayed, prolonged increase in intracranial pressure and metabolic crisis. Critical care medicine 2007
    • (2007) Critical Care Medicine
    • Vespa, P.M.1    Miller, C.2    McArthur, D.3
  • 77
    • 0035989312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed increase in extracellular glycerol with post-traumatic electrographic epileptic activity: Support for the theory that seizures induce secondary injury
    • Vespa P, Martin NA, Nenov V et al (2002) Delayed increase in extracellular glycerol with post-traumatic electrographic epileptic activity: support for the theory that seizures induce secondary injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl 81:355-7
    • (2002) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.81 , pp. 355-357
    • Vespa, P.1    Martin, N.A.2    Nenov, V.3
  • 78
    • 0038559593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: A factor in progressive midline shift and outcome
    • Vespa PM, O'Phelan K, Shah M et al (2003) Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: a factor in progressive midline shift and outcome. Neurology 60(9):1441-6
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.9 , pp. 1441-1446
    • Vespa, P.M.1    O'Phelan, K.2    Shah, M.3
  • 79
    • 0037332270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of nonconvulsive seizures, periodic epileptiform discharges, and intermittent rhythmic delta activity in rat focal ischemia
    • Hartings JA, Williams AJ, Tortella FC (2003) Occurrence of nonconvulsive seizures, periodic epileptiform discharges, and intermittent rhythmic delta activity in rat focal ischemia. Exp Neurol 179(2):139-49
    • (2003) Exp Neurol , vol.179 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-149
    • Hartings, J.A.1    Williams, A.J.2    Tortella, F.C.3
  • 80
    • 4644253431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic drug treatment of nonconvulsive seizures induced by experimental focal brain ischemia
    • Williams AJ, Tortella FC, Lu XM, Moreton JE, Hartings JA (2004) Antiepileptic drug treatment of nonconvulsive seizures induced by experimental focal brain ischemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 311(1):220-7
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.311 , Issue.1 , pp. 220-227
    • Williams, A.J.1    Tortella, F.C.2    Lu, X.M.3    Moreton, J.E.4    Hartings, J.A.5
  • 81
    • 0027446470 scopus 로고
    • Xenon/CT cerebral blood flow studies during continuous depth electrode monitoring in epilepsy patients
    • Johnson DW, Hogg JP, Dasheiff R, Yonas H, Pentheny S, Jumao-as A (1993) Xenon/CT cerebral blood flow studies during continuous depth electrode monitoring in epilepsy patients. AJNR 14(1):245-52
    • (1993) AJNR , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 245-252
    • Johnson, D.W.1    Hogg, J.P.2    Dasheiff, R.3    Yonas, H.4    Pentheny, S.5    Jumao-As, A.6
  • 83
    • 0018339958 scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic acute rise of ICP related to subclinical epileptic seizures
    • Marienne JP, Robert G, Bagnat E (1979) Post-traumatic acute rise of ICP related to subclinical epileptic seizures. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 28(1):89-92
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-92
    • Marienne, J.P.1    Robert, G.2    Bagnat, E.3
  • 84
    • 33244462144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical spreading depression and peri-infarct depolarization in acutely injured human cerebral cortex
    • Fabricius M, Fuhr S, Bhatia R et al (2006) Cortical spreading depression and peri-infarct depolarization in acutely injured human cerebral cortex. Brain 129(Pt 3):778-90
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 778-790
    • Fabricius, M.1    Fuhr, S.2    Bhatia, R.3
  • 85
    • 47749134495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of seizures with cortical spreading depression and peri-infarct depolarisations in the acutely injured human brain
    • Fabricius M, Fuhr S, Willumsen L et al (2008) Association of seizures with cortical spreading depression and peri-infarct depolarisations in the acutely injured human brain. Clin Neurophysiol 119(9):1973-84
    • (2008) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.119 , Issue.9 , pp. 1973-1984
    • Fabricius, M.1    Fuhr, S.2    Willumsen, L.3
  • 86
    • 0016159268 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow measurements and electroencephalograms during carotid endarterectomy
    • Sundt TM Jr, Sharbrough FW, Anderson RE, Michenfelder JD (1974) Cerebral blood flow measurements and electroencephalograms during carotid endarterectomy. J Neurosurg 41(3):310-20
    • (1974) J Neurosurg , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 310-320
    • Sundt Jr., T.M.1    Sharbrough, F.W.2    Anderson, R.E.3    Michenfelder, J.D.4
  • 87
    • 0019820832 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of cerebral blood flow and electroencephalographic changes during carotid endarterectomy: With results of surgery and hemodynamics of cerebral ischemia
    • Sundt TM Jr, Sharbrough FW, Piepgras DG, Kearns TP, Messick JM Jr, O'Fallon WM (1981) Correlation of cerebral blood flow and electroencephalographic changes during carotid endarterectomy: with results of surgery and hemodynamics of cerebral ischemia. Mayo Clin Proc 56(9):533-43
    • (1981) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.56 , Issue.9 , pp. 533-543
    • Sundt Jr., T.M.1    Sharbrough, F.W.2    Piepgras, D.G.3    Kearns, T.P.4    Messick Jr., J.M.5    O'Fallon, W.M.6
  • 88
    • 0015793460 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of continuous electroencephalograms with cerebral blood flow measurements during carotid endarterectomy
    • Sharbrough FW, Messick JM Jr, Sundt TM Jr (1973) Correlation of continuous electroencephalograms with cerebral blood flow measurements during carotid endarterectomy. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation 4(4):674-83
    • (1973) Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 674-683
    • Sharbrough, F.W.1    Messick Jr., J.M.2    Sundt Jr., T.M.3
  • 89
    • 0025836983 scopus 로고
    • The importance of cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy
    • discussion 30-31
    • Zampella E, Morawetz RB, McDowell HA et al (1991) The importance of cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy. Neurosurgery 29(5):727-30 discussion 30-31
    • (1991) Neurosurgery , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 727-730
    • Zampella, E.1    Morawetz, R.B.2    McDowell, H.A.3
  • 90
    • 0030793967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous intraoperative monitoring of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities and electroencephalography during carotid endarterectomy. A comparison of the two methods to detect cerebral ischemia
    • Arnold M, Sturzenegger M, Schaffler L, Seiler RW (1997) Continuous intraoperative monitoring of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities and electroencephalography during carotid endarterectomy. A comparison of the two methods to detect cerebral ischemia. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation 28(7):1345-50
    • (1997) Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1345-1350
    • Arnold, M.1    Sturzenegger, M.2    Schaffler, L.3    Seiler, R.W.4
  • 92
    • 10344244507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency EEG and continuous EEG monitoring in acute ischemic stroke
    • Jordan KG (2004) Emergency EEG and continuous EEG monitoring in acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurophysiol 21(5):341-52
    • (2004) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 341-352
    • Jordan, K.G.1
  • 93
    • 0036126003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with pentobarbital, propofol, or midazolam: A systematic review
    • Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Emerson RG, Mayer SA (2002) Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with pentobarbital, propofol, or midazolam: a systematic review. Epilepsia 43(2):146-53
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 146-153
    • Claassen, J.1    Hirsch, L.J.2    Emerson, R.G.3    Mayer, S.A.4
  • 94
    • 0033010942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous EEG monitoring in the neuroscience intensive care unit and emergency department
    • Jordan KG (1999) Continuous EEG monitoring in the neuroscience intensive care unit and emergency department. J Clin Neurophysiol 16(1):14
    • (1999) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 14
    • Jordan, K.G.1
  • 95
    • 0032962246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic detection of seizures and spikes
    • Gotman J (1999) Automatic detection of seizures and spikes. J Clin Neurophysiol 16(2):130
    • (1999) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 130
    • Gotman, J.1
  • 97
    • 33750922234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compressed EEG pattern analysis for critically ill neurological-neurosurgical patients
    • Shah AK, Agarwal R, Carhuapoma JR, Loeb JA (2006) Compressed EEG pattern analysis for critically ill neurological-neurosurgical patients. Neurocrit Care 5(2): 124-33
    • (2006) Neurocrit Care , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 124-133
    • Shah, A.K.1    Agarwal, R.2    Carhuapoma, J.R.3    Loeb, J.A.4
  • 98
    • 0029017626 scopus 로고
    • The reliability of quantitative electroencephalography as an indicator of cerebral ischemia
    • Adams DC, Heyer EJ, Emerson RG et al (1995) The reliability of quantitative electroencephalography as an indicator of cerebral ischemia. Anesth Analg 81(1):80-3
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-83
    • Adams, D.C.1    Heyer, E.J.2    Emerson, R.G.3
  • 99
    • 34548840519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodality monitoring in neurocritical care
    • Wartenberg KE, Schmidt JM, Mayer SA (2007) Multimodality monitoring in neurocritical care. Crit Care Clin 23(3):507-38
    • (2007) Crit Care Clin , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 507-538
    • Wartenberg, K.E.1    Schmidt, J.M.2    Mayer, S.A.3
  • 100
    • 0345802826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed secondary phase of peri-infarct depolarizations after focal cerebral ischemia: Relation to infarct growth and neuroprotection
    • Hartings JA, Rolli ML, Lu XC, Tortella FC (2003) Delayed secondary phase of peri-infarct depolarizations after focal cerebral ischemia: relation to infarct growth and neuroprotection. J Neurosci 23(37):11602-10
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , Issue.37 , pp. 11602-11610
    • Hartings, J.A.1    Rolli, M.L.2    Lu, X.C.3    Tortella, F.C.4
  • 101
    • 46149107194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spreading depolarizations occur in human ischemic stroke with high incidence
    • Dohmen C, Sakowitz OW, Fabricius M et al (2008) Spreading depolarizations occur in human ischemic stroke with high incidence. Ann Neurol 63:720-728
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 720-728
    • Dohmen, C.1    Sakowitz, O.W.2    Fabricius, M.3
  • 102
    • 33845334199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed ischaemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid haemorrhage are associated with clusters of spreading depolarizations
    • Dreier JP, Woitzik J, Fabricius M et al (2006) Delayed ischaemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid haemorrhage are associated with clusters of spreading depolarizations. Brain 129(12):3224
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , Issue.12 , pp. 3224
    • Dreier, J.P.1    Woitzik, J.2    Fabricius, M.3
  • 103
    • 55649087283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early experience with a cortical depth electrode for ICU neurophysiological monitoring in patients with acute brain injury
    • Waziri AE, Arif H, Oddo M et al (2007) Early experience with a cortical depth electrode for ICU neurophysiological monitoring in patients with acute brain injury. Epilepsia 48(s6):125
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , Issue.s6 , pp. 125
    • Waziri, A.E.1    Arif, H.2    Oddo, M.3
  • 104
    • 0029117274 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiologic monitoring in the neuroscience intensive care unit
    • Jordan KG (1995) Neurophysiologic monitoring in the neuroscience intensive care unit. Neurol Clin 13(3):579-626
    • (1995) Neurol Clin , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 579-626
    • Jordan, K.G.1
  • 105
    • 0033016919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous EEG Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit: Early Findings and Clinical Efficacy
    • Vespa PM, Nenov V, Nuwer MR (1999) Continuous EEG Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit: Early Findings and Clinical Efficacy. J Clin Neurophysiol 16(1):1
    • (1999) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 1
    • Vespa, P.M.1    Nenov, V.2    Nuwer, M.R.3
  • 106
    • 38649084752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic electrographic seizures in critically ill patients
    • Friedman DE, Schevon C, Emerson RG, Hirsch LJ (2008) Cyclic electrographic seizures in critically ill patients. Epilepsia 49(2):281-7
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 281-287
    • Friedman, D.E.1    Schevon, C.2    Emerson, R.G.3    Hirsch, L.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.