Structural control of organic solar cells based on nonplanar metallophthalocyanine/C60 heterojunctions using organic buffer layers

Organic Electronics

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 966-973

  Sakurai, Takeaki ^a   Ohashi, Tatsuya ^a   Kitazume, Hikaru ^a   Kubota, Masato ^b   Suemasu, Takashi ^a   Akimoto, Katsuhiro ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

^b INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS STRUCTURE SCIENCE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Anisotropic intermolecular interaction; Crystal growth; Organic buffer layer; Organic solar cell

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY; BUFFER LAYERS; CRYSTAL GROWTH; HETEROJUNCTIONS; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; QUALITY CONTROL; SOLAR CELLS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS;

INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; LEAD PHTHALOCYANINE; METALLOPHTHALOCYANINES; OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES; ORGANIC BUFFER LAYERS; STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL CONTROL; SYSTEMATIC VARIATION;

ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 79953696807     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2011.03.016     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. B.P. Rand, J. Genoe, P. Heremans, and J. Poortmans Solar cells utilizing small molecular weight organic semiconductors Prog. Photovoltaics 15 2007 659 676 (Pubitemid 350264921)
2. M. Riede, T. Mueller, W. Tress, R. Schueppel, and K. Leo Small-molecule solar cells-status and perspectives Nanotechnology 19 2008 424001
3. J. Xue, S. Uchida, B.P. Rand, and S.R. Forrest Asymmetric tandem organic photovoltaic cells with hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunctions Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 2004 5757 5759 (Pubitemid 40162585)
4. T. Sakurai, R. Naito, S. Toyoshima, T. Ohashi, and K. Akimoto Orientation-controlled phthalocyanine-based photovoltaic cell formed on pentacene buffer layer Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett. 1 2009 23 27
5. T. Sakurai, R. Fukasawa, K. Saito, and K. Akimoto Control of molecular orientation of organic p-i-n structures by using molecular templating effect at heterointerfaces Org. Electron. 8 2007 702 708 (Pubitemid 47600715)
6. B. Yu, L. Huang, H. Wang, and D. Yan Efficient organic solar cells using a high-quality crystalline thin film as a donor layer Adv. Mater. 22 2010 1017 1020
7. 60 heterojunctions Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 2009 1913 1921
8. S. Yim, S. Heutz, and T.S. Jones Influence of intermolecular interactions on the structure of phthalocyanine layers in molecular thin film heterostructures Phys. Rev. B 67 2003 165308
9. T. Sakurai, S. Kawai, J. Shibata, R. Fukasawa, and K. Akimoto Influence of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride intermediate layer on molecular orientation of phthalocyanine Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 2005 1982 1986 (Pubitemid 40892608)
10. S. Liu, W.M. Wang, A.L. Briseno, S.C.B. Mannsfeld, and Z. Bao Controlled deposition of crystalline organic semiconductors for field-effect transistor applications Adv. Mater. 21 2009 1217 1232
11. S. Heutz, R. Cloots, and T.S. Jones Structural templating effects in molecular heterostructures grown by organic molecular-beam deposition Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 2000 3938 3940
12. J. Yang, and D. Yan Weak epitaxy growth of organic semiconductor thin films Chem. Soc. Rev. 38 2009 2634 2645
13. H. Wang, D. Song, J. Yang, B. Yu, Y. Geng, and D. Yan High mobility vanadyl-phthalocyanine polycrystalline films for organic field-effect transistors Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 2007 253510
14. C.D. Sheraw, T.N. Jackson, D.L. Eaton, and J.E. Anthony Functionalized pentacene active layer organic thin-film transistors Adv. Mater. 25 2003 2009 2011
15. A.S. Killampalli, and J.R. Engstrom Nucleation of pentacene thin films on silicon dioxide modified with hexamethyldisilazane Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 2006 143125
16. H. Yang, T.J. Shin, M.-M. Ling, K. Cho, C.Y. Ryu, and Z. Bao Conducting AFM and 2D GIXD studies on pentacene thin films J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 2005 11542 11543 (Pubitemid 41208709)
17. N. Li, B.E. Lassiter, R.R. Lunt, G. Wei, and S.R. Forrest Open circuit voltage enhancement due to reduced dark current in small molecule photovoltaic cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 2009 023307
18. 2Pc/PTCDA Org. Electron. 7 2006 521 527 (Pubitemid 44751664)
19. R. Naito, S. Toyoshima, T. Ohashi, T. Sakurai, and K. Akimoto Molecular orientation control of phthalocyanine thin film by inserting pentacene buffer layer Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47 2008 1416 1418
20. J. Dai, X. Jiang, H. Wang, and D. Yan Organic photovoltaic cells with near infrared absorption spectrum Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 2007 253503
21. F. Dinelli, M. Murgia, P. Levy, M. Cavallini, F. Biscarini, and D.M. de Leeuw Spatially correlated charge transport in organic thin film transistors Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 2004 116802
22. J. Kjelstrup-Hansen, H. Henrichsen, P. Bøgild, and H.-G. Rubahn Electrical properties of a single p-hexaphenylene nanofiber Thin Solid Films 515 2006 827 830 (Pubitemid 44402599)
23. 2Pc) thin films Appl. Surf. Sci. 252 2006 7553 7561 (Pubitemid 44233928)
24. R.O. Loutfy, and Y.C. Cheng Investigation of energy levels due to transition metal impurities in metal-free phthalocyanine J. Chem. Phys. 73 1980 2902 2910
25. A.J. Ikushima, T. Kanno, S. Yoshida, and A. Maeda Valence and conduction band edges of metal-phthalocyanines and carrier behavior Thin Solid Films 273 1996 35 38 (Pubitemid 126348033)
26. H. Fujimoto, U. Nagashima, H. Inokuchi, K. Seki, Y. Cao, H. Nakahara, J. Nakayama, M. Hoshino, and K. Fukuda Ultraviolet photoemission study of oligothiophenes: π-band evolution and geometries J. Chem. Phys. 92 1990 4077 4092
27. N. Koch, L.M. Yu, V. Parenté, R. Lazzaroni, R.L. Johnson, G. Leising, J.J. Pireaux, and J.L. Brédas Evidence for physisorption of aluminum on the surface of electroluminescent sexiphenyl Adv. Mater. 10 1998 1038 1043 (Pubitemid 128536034)
28. 61 butyric acid methyl ester thin films using synchrotron X-ray diffraction Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49 2010 01AC01
29. K. Ukei Lead phthalocyanine Acta Cryst. B 29 1973 2290 2292
30. Y. Iyechika, K. Yakushi, I. Ikemoto, and H. Kuroda Structure of lead phthalocyanine (triclinic form) Acta Cryst. B 38 1982 766 770
31. L. Ottaviano, L. Lozzi, A.R. Phani, A. Ciattoni, S. Santucci, and S. Di Nardo Thermally induced phase transition in crystalline lead phthalocyanine films investigated by XRD and atomic force microscopy Appl. Surf. Sci. 136 1998 81 86 (Pubitemid 128394925)
32. A. Miyamoto, K. Nichogi, A. Taomoto, T. Nambu, and M. Murakami Structural control of evaporated lead-phthalocyanine films Thin Solid Films 256 1995 64 67
33. Y.L. Pan, Y.J. Wu, L.B. Chen, Y.Y. Zhao, Y.H. Shen, F.M. Li, S.Y. Shen, and D.H. Huang Structure and spectroscopic characterization of polycrystalline vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) films fabricated by vacuum deposition Appl. Phys. A 66 1998 569 573 (Pubitemid 128662902)
34. S. Hashimoto, T. Ogawa, S. Isoda, and T. Kobayashi Electron diffraction analysis of polymorph structures in ultra thin film of vanadyl-phthalocyanine on KBr (0 0 1) J. Electron Microsc. 48 1999 731 738 (Pubitemid 30124316)
35. C.H. Griffiths, M.S. Walker, and P. Goldstein Polymorphism in vanadyl phthalocyanine Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 33 1976 149 170
36. H. Ohta, T. Kambayashi, M. Hirano, H. Hoshi, K. Ishikawa, H. Takezoe, and H. Hosono Application of a transparent conductive substrate with an atomically flat and stepped surface to lateral growth of an organic molecule: vanadyl phthalocyanine Adv. Mater. 15 2003 1258 1262
37. K.N. Baker, A.V. Fratini, T. Resch, H.C. Knachel, W.W. Adams, E.P. Socci, and B.L. Farmer Crystal structures, phase transitions and energy calculations of poly(p-phenylene) oligomers Polymer 34 1993 1571 1587
38. Y. Yoshida, H. Takiguchi, T. Hanada, N. Tanigaki, E.M. Han, and K. Yase In situ X-ray characterization of oligophenylene thin films prepared by organic molecular beam deposition Appl. Surf. Sci. 130-132 1998 651 657
39. G. Horowitz, B. Bachet, A. Yassar, P. Lang, F. Demanze, J.-L. Fave, and F. Garnier Growth and characterization of sexithiophene single crystals Chem. Mater. 7 1995 1337 1341
40. J.-F. Moulin, F. Dinelli, M. Massi, C. Albonetti, R. Kshirsagar, and F. Biscarini In situ X-ray synchrotron study of organic semiconductor ultra-thin films growth Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 246 2006 122 126
41. C. Aruta, P. D'Angelo, M. Barra, G. Ausanio, and A. Cassinese Improved structural ordering in sexithiophene thick films grown on single crystal oxide substrates Appl. Phys. A 97 2009 387 394
42. J. Ivanco, J. Krenn, M.G. Ramsey, F.P. Netzer, T. Haber, R. Resel, A. Haase, B. Stadlober, and G. Jakobic Sexithiophene films on clean and oxidized Si(1 1 1) surfaces: growth and electronic structure J. Appl. Phys. 96 2004 2716 2724
43. M. Oehzelt, G. Koller, J. Ivanco, S. Berkebile, T. Haber, R. Resel, F.P. Netzer, and M.G. Ramsey Organic heteroepitaxy: p-sexiphenyl on uniaxially oriented alpha-sexithiophene Adv. Mater. 18 2006 2466 2470 (Pubitemid 44495417)
44. K. Ukei, K. Takamoto, and E. Kanda Lead phthalocyanine: a one-dimensional conductor Phys. Lett. 45 1973 345 346
45. H. Yasunaga, K. Kojima, H. Yohda, and K. Takeya Effect of oxygen on electrical properties of lead phthalocyanine J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 37 1974 1024 1030
46. A.K. Ray, S.M. Tracey, and A.K. Hassan Conduction in partially monoclinic films of lead phthalocyanine IEE Proc. Sci. Meas. Technol. 146 1999 205 209