Resilience to loss and potential trauma

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

Volumn 7, Issue , 2011, Pages 511-535

  Bonanno, George A ^a   Westphal, Maren ^b   Mancini, Anthony D ^c  

^a Howard Hughes Medical Institute   (United States)

^b Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain   (United States)

^c PACE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

complicated grief; prevention; PTSD; risk homeostasis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; EATING DISORDER; EMOTION; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL DISEASE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; RISK FACTOR; RISK MANAGEMENT; SOCIOECONOMICS; SUICIDE;

EATING DISORDERS; EMOTIONS; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PERSONALITY; RESILIENCE, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SUICIDE;

EID: 79953652542     PISSN: 15485943     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526     Document Type: Article

References (138)

1. Adams J. 1995. Risk. London: UCL Press
2. Adams RE, Boscarino JA. 2005. Differences in mental health outcomes among whites, African Americans, and Hispanics following a community disaster. Psychiatry 68:250-65 (Pubitemid 41603590)
3. Almedom AM, Glandon D. 2007. Resilience is not the absence of PTSD any more than health is the absence of disease. J. Loss Trauma 12:127-43
4. Andrews B, Brewin CR, Philpott R, Stewart L. 2007. Delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review of the evidence. Am. J. Psychiatry 164:1319-26 (Pubitemid 47461130)
5. Aseltine RH Jr, DeMartino R. 2004. An outcome evaluation of the SOS Suicide Prevention Program. Am. J. Public Health 94:446-51 (Pubitemid 38269501)
6. Boelen PA, de Keijser J, Van Den Hout MA, Van Den Bout J. 2007. Treatment of complicated grief: a comparison between cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive counseling. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 75:277-84 (Pubitemid 47444732)
7. Bonanno GA. 2004. Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? Am. Psychol. 59:20-28 (Pubitemid 38161473)
8. Bonanno GA. 2005. Resilience in the face of loss and potential trauma. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 14:135-38 (Pubitemid 41311932)
9. Bonanno GA. 2009. The Other Side of Sadness: What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After Loss. New York: Basic Books
10. Bonanno GA, Brewin CR, Kaniasty K, LaGreca AM. 2010. Weighing the costs of disaster: consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities. Psychol. Sci. Public Interest. In press
11. Bonanno GA, Field NP. 2001. Examining the delayed grief hypothesis across 5 years of bereavement. Am. Behav. Sci. 44:798-816
12. Bonanno GA, Field NP, Kovacevic A, Kaltman S. 2002a. Self-enhancement as a buffer against extreme adversity: civil war in Bosnia and traumatic loss in the United States. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 28:184-196 (Pubitemid 41301379)
13. Bonanno GA, Galea S, Bucciarelli A, Vlahov D. 2006. Psychological resilience after disaster: New York City in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attack. Psychol. Sci. 17:181-86 (Pubitemid 43344723)
14. Bonanno GA, Galea S, Bucciarelli A, Vlahov D. 2007a. What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 75:671-82 (Pubitemid 350052026)
15. Bonanno GA, Ho SMY, Chan JCK, Kwong RSY, Cheung CKY, et al. 2008. Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: a latent class approach. Health Psychol. 27:659-67
16. Bonanno GA, Kaltman S. 1999. Toward an integrative perspective on bereavement. Psychol. Bull. 125:760-76
17. Bonanno GA, Kaltman S. 2001. The varieties of grief experience. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 21:705-34 (Pubitemid 32564936)
18. Bonanno GA, KeltnerD. 1997. Facial expression of emotion in the course of conjugal bereavement. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 106:126-37 (Pubitemid 27063198)
19. Bonanno GA, Keltner D, Holen A, Horowitz MJ. 1995. When avoiding unpleasant emotions might not be such a bad thing: verbal-autonomic response dissociation and midlife conjugal bereavement. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 69:975-89
20. Bonanno GA, Mancini AD. 2008. The human capacity to thrive in the face of potential trauma. Pediatrics 121:369-75 (Pubitemid 351198464)
21. Bonanno GA, Moskowitz JT, Papa A, Folkman S. 2005c. Resilience to loss in bereaved spouses, bereavedparents and bereaved gay men. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 88(5):827-43 (Pubitemid 40735505)
22. Bonanno GA, Mancini AD. 2010. Beyond resilience and PTSD: mapping the heterogeneity of responses to potential trauma. Psychol. Trauma. In press
23. Bonanno GA, Neria Y, Mancini A, Coifman KG, Litz B, Insel B. 2007b. Is there more to complicated grief than depression and posttraumatic stress disorder? A test of incremental validity. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 116:342-51 (Pubitemid 46800347)
24. Bonanno GA, Papa A, Lalande K, Zhang N, Noll JG. 2005a. Grief processing and deliberate grief avoidance: a prospective comparison of bereaved spouses and parents in the United States and the People's Republic of China. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 73:86-98 (Pubitemid 40223896)
25. Bonanno GA, Rennicke C, Dekel S. 2005b. Self-enhancement among high-exposure survivors of the September 11th terrorist attack: resilience or social maladjustment? J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 88:984-98 (Pubitemid 41017462)
26. Bonanno GA, Wortman CB, Lehman DR, Tweed RG, Haring M, et al. 2002b. Resilience to loss and chronic grief: a prospective study from preloss to 18-months postloss. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 83:1150-64
27. Bonanno GA, Wortman CB, Nesse RM. 2004. Prospective patterns of resilience and maladjustment during widowhood. Psychol. Aging 19:260-71 (Pubitemid 38720871)
28. Breslau N, Peterson EL, Schultz LR. 2008. A second look at prior trauma and the posttraumatic stress disorder effects of subsequent trauma: a prospective epidemiological study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 65:431-37 (Pubitemid 351519892)
29. Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD. 2000. Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 68:748-66
30. Broman-Fulks JJ, RuggieroKJ, Green BA,Kilpatrick DG, Danielson CK, et al. 2006. Taxometric investigation of PTSD: data from two nationally representative samples. Behav. Ther. 37:364-80 (Pubitemid 44634392)
31. Bryant RA, Harvey AG. 2002. Delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder: a prospective evaluation. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 36:205-9 (Pubitemid 34746447)
32. Bryant RA, Guthrie RM. 2007. Maladaptive self-appraisals before trauma exposure predict posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 75:812-15 (Pubitemid 350052036)
33. Buckley TC, Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ. 1996. A prospective examination of delayed onset PTSD secondary to motor vehicle accidents. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 105:617-25 (Pubitemid 26378699)
34. Carter J, Stewart D, Dunn V, Fairburn C. 1998. Primary prevention of eating disorders: Might it do more harm than good? Int. J. Eat. Disord. 22:167-72
35. Collins PA, Gibbs AC. 2003. Stress in police officers: a study of the origins, prevalence and severity of stressrelated symptoms within a county police force. Occup. Med. 53:256-64 (Pubitemid 36790029)
36. Connor KM, Davidson JRT. 2003. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress. Anxiety 18:76-82 (Pubitemid 37175584)
37. Connor KM, Davidson JRT, Lee LC. 2003. Spirituality, resilience, and anger in survivors of violent trauma: a community survey. J. Trauma. Stress 16:487-94 (Pubitemid 37280229)
38. Curran PJ, Hussong AM. 2003. The use of latent trajectory models in psychopathology research. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 112:526-44 (Pubitemid 37509602)
39. Currier JM,NeimeyerRA, Berman JS. 2008. The effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for bereaved persons: a comprehensive quantitative review. Psychol. Bull. 134:648-61
40. deRoon-Cassini TA, Mancini AD, Rusch MD, Bonanno GA. 2010. Psychopathology and resilience following traumatic injury: a latent growth mixture model analysis. Rehabil. Psychol. 55:1-11
41. Deshields T, Tibbs T, Fan MY, Taylor M. 2006. Differences in patterns of depression after treatment for breast cancer. Psycho-oncology 15:398-406 (Pubitemid 43826853)
42. Dickstein BD, SuvakM, Litz BT, Adler AB. 2010. Heterogeneity in the course of posttraumatic stress disorder: Trajectories of symptomatology. J. Trauma. Stress 23:331-39
43. Dohrenwend BP, Turner JB, Turse NA, Adams BG, Koenen KC, Marshall RD. 2006. The psychological risks of Vietnam for U.S. veterans: a revisit with new data and methods. Science 313:979-82 (Pubitemid 44267391)
44. Duncan TE, Duncan SC, Strycker LA. 2004. An Introduction to Latent Variable Growth Curve Modeling. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
45. Evans L. 1986. Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accident data. Risk Anal. 6:81-94 (Pubitemid 16119008)
46. Feder A,Nestler EJ,Charney DS. 2009. Psychobiology andmolecular genetics of resilience. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10:446-57
47. Feldman BJ, Masyn KE, Conger RD. 2009. New approaches to studying problem behaviors: a comparison of methods for studying longitudinal, categorical adolescent drinking data. Dev. Psychol. 45:652-76
48. Fredrickson BL. 2001. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Am. Psychol. 56:218-26 (Pubitemid 33609217)
49. Fredrickson BL, Tugade MM, Waugh CE, Larkin GR. 2003. What good are positive emotions in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 84:365-76 (Pubitemid 38397286)
50. Galatzer-Levy I, Bonanno GA, Mancini AD. 2010. From marianthal to latent growth mixture modeling: a return to the exploration of individual differences in response to unemployment. J. Neurosci. Psychol. Econ. In press
51. Ginzburg K. 2004. PTSD and world assumptions following myocardial infarction: a longitudinal study. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 74:286-92 (Pubitemid 38993797)
52. Gosling SD, Rentfrow PJ, Swan WB. 2003. A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. J. Res. Personal. 37:504-28 (Pubitemid 37445626)
53. GouldM, Greenberg T, Velting D, Shaffer D. 2003. Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: a review of the past 10 years. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 42:386-405 (Pubitemid 39625074)
54. Groesz LM, Stice E. 2007. An experimental test of the effects of dieting on bulimic symptoms: the impact of eating episode frequency. Behav. Res. Ther. 45:49-62 (Pubitemid 44647996)
55. Guo B, Harstall C. 2002. Efficacy of Suicide Prevention programs for children and youth. Edmonton, AB, Canada: Alberta Heritage Found. Med. Res.
56. Gupta S,Bonanno GA. 2010. Trait self-enhancement as a buffer against potentially traumatic events: a prospective study. Psychol. Trauma 2:83-92
57. Hedlund J. 2000. Risky business: safety regulations, risk compensation, and individual behavior. Injury Prev. 6:82-89
58. Hobfoll SE. 1989. Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. Am. Psychol. 44:513-24
59. Hobfoll SE. 2002. Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 6:307-24
60. Hoge CW, Castro CA, Messer SC, McGurk D, Cotting DI, et al. 2004. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N. Engl. J. Med. 351:13-22 (Pubitemid 38857243)
61. Holland JM, Neimeyer RA, Boelen PA, Prigerson HG. 2009. The underlying structure of grief: a taxometric investigation of prolonged and normal grief reactions. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 31:190-201
62. Holmes A, Hodgins G, Adey S, Menzel S, Danne P, et al. 2007. Trial of interpersonal counselling after major physical trauma. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 41:926-33 (Pubitemid 47555116)
63. Hood C, JonesDKC. 1996. Accident and Design: Contemporary Debates in Risk Management. London: Routledge
64. Horowitz MJ, Siegel B, Holen A, Bonanno GA, Milbrath C, Stinson C. 1997. Diagnostic criteria for complicated grief disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 154:904-10 (Pubitemid 27274531)
65. Janoff-Bulman R. 1992. Shattered Assumptions: Toward a New Psychology of Trauma. New York: Free Press
66. Kaltman S, Bonanno GA. 2003. Trauma and bereavement: examining the impact of sudden and violent deaths. J. Anxiety Disord. 17:131-47 (Pubitemid 36279492)
67. Kaniasty K, Norris GH. 2009. Distinctions that matter: received social support, perceived social support, and social embeddedness after disasters. In Mental Health and Disasters, ed. Y Neria, S Galea, FN Norris, pp. 175-200. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
68. KeltnerD, Bonanno GA. 1997. A study of laughter and dissociation: distinct correlates of laughter and smiling during bereavement. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 73:687-702 (Pubitemid 127688974)
69. Kirkcaldy B,CooperC, Ruffalo P. 1995. Work stress and health in a sample of US police. Psychol. Rep. 76:700-2
70. La Greca AM, Silverman WK, Vernberg EM, Prinstein MJ. 1996. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress in children after Hurricane Andrew: a prospective study. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 64:712-23 (Pubitemid 26274533)
71. Lam WW, Bonanno GA, Mancini AD, Ho S, Chan M, et al. 2010. Trajectories of psychological distress among Chinese women diagnosed with breast cancer. Psychooncology 19:1044-51
72. Lamprecht F, Sack M. 2002. Posttraumatic stress disorder revisited. Psychosom. Med. 64:222-37 (Pubitemid 34260460)
73. Litz BT, Gray MJ, Bryant RA, Adler AB. 2002. Early intervention for trauma: current status and future directions. Clin. Psychol. Sci. Practice 9:112-34 (Pubitemid 41288890)
74. Lucas RE. 2005. Time does not heal all wounds: a longitudinal study of reaction and adaptation to divorce. Psychol. Sci. 16:945-50 (Pubitemid 43060256)
75. Lucas RE, Clark AE, Georgellis Y, Diener E. 2003. Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: reactions to changes in marital status. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 84:527-39 (Pubitemid 38397269)
76. Mancini AD, Bonanno GA. 2006. Resilience in the face of potential trauma: clinical practices and illustrations. J. Clin. Psychol. 62:971-85 (Pubitemid 44196341)
77. Mancini AD, Bonanno GA, Clark A. 2010a. Trajectories of subjective well-being following bereavement and divorce. J. Indiv. Differ. In press
78. Mancini AD, Prati G, Black S. 2010b. Self-worth mediates the effects of violent loss on PTSD symptoms. J. Trauma. Stress. In press
79. Mancini AD, Prati G, Bonanno GA. 2010c. Do shattered worldviews lead to complicated grief? Prospective and longitudinal analyses. Manuscript submitted
80. Mann JJ, Apter A, Bertolote J, Beautrais A, Currier D, et al. 2005. Suicide prevention strategies-a systematic review. JAMA 294:2064-74 (Pubitemid 41539940)
81. Masten AS. 2001. Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. Am. Psychol. 56:227-38 (Pubitemid 33609218)
82. McNally RJ. 2003. Progress and controversy in the study of posttraumatic stress disorder. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 54:229-52 (Pubitemid 37417493)
83. McNally RJ, Bryant RA, Ehlers A. 2003. Does early psychological intervention promote recovery from posttraumatic stress? Psychol. Sci. Public Interest 4:45-79
84. Middleton W, Burnett P, Raphael B, Martinek N. 1996. The bereavement response: a cluster analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry 169:167-71
85. MischelW. 1969. Continuity and change in personality. Am. Psychol. 24:1012-18
86. Montross LP, Depp C, Daly J, Reichstaadt J, Shahrorh G, et al. 2006. Correlates of self-rated successful aging among community-dwelling older adults. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 14:43-51 (Pubitemid 43122173)
87. Moran CC. 1999. Recruits' predictions of positive reactions in disaster and emergency work. Disaster Prev. Manag. 8:177-84
88. Morrongiello BA,Major K. 2002. Influence of safety gear on parental perceptions of injury risk and tolerance or children's risk taking. Injury Prev. 8:27-31
89. Murrell SA,Norris FH. 1983. Resources, life events, and changes in psychological states: a prospective framework. Am. J. Community Psychol. 11:473-91
90. Muth́en B. 2004. Latent variable analysis: growth mixture modeling and related techniques for longitudinal data. In Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences, ed. D Kaplan, pp. 345-68. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
91. Natl. Inst. Mental Health. 2009. Evidence-Based Prevention is Goal of Largest Ever Study of Suicide in the Military.
92. Noguchi K, Albarraćin D, Durantini MR, Glasman LR. 2007. Who participates in which health promotion programs? A meta-analysis of motivations underlying enrollment and retention in HIV-prevention interventions. Psychol. Bull. 133:955-75
93. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Morrow J. 1991. A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 61:115-21
94. Norris FH. 1992. Epidemiology of trauma: frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 60:409-18
95. Norris FH, Friedman MJ, Watson PJ, Byrne CM, Kaniasty K. 2002. 60,000 disaster victims speak: part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001. Psychiatry 65:207-39 (Pubitemid 35191281)
96. Novotney A. 2009. Strong in mind and body. Monit. Psychol. 40:40
97. Ong AD, Bergeman CS, Chow SM. 2010a. Positive emotions as a basic building block of resilience in adulthood. In Handbook of Adult Resilience: Concepts, Methods, and Applications, ed. JW Reich, AJ Zautra, J Hall, pp. 81-93. New York: Guilford
98. Ong AD, Fulluer-Rowell TE, Bonanno GA. 2010b. Prospective predictors of positive emotions following spousal loss. Psychol. Aging 25:631-40
99. Overholser JC, Hemstreet AH, Spirito A, Vyse S. 1989. Suicide awareness programs in the schools: effects of gender and personal experience. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 28:925-30 (Pubitemid 20031028)
100. Papa A, Bonanno GA. 2008. Smiling in the face of adversity: interpersonal and intrapersonal functions of smiling. Emotion 8:1-12 (Pubitemid 351274173)
101. Park CL. 2010. Making sense of the meaning literature: an integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychol. Bull. 136:257-301
102. Park CL, Edmondson D, Fenster JR, Blank TO. 2008. Meaning making and psychological adjustment following cancer: the mediating roles of growth, life meaning, and restored just-world beliefs. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 76:863-75
103. Patel V, Araya R, Chatterjee S, Chisholm D, Cohen A, et al. 2007. Treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 370:991-1005 (Pubitemid 47384829)
104. Paton D, Smith L, Violanti J. 2000. Disaster response: risk, vulnerability and resilience. Disaster Prev. Manag. 9:173-80
105. Patton G, Johnson-Sabine E, Wood K, Mann A. 1990. Abnormal eating attitudes in London schoolgirls-a prospective epidemiological study: outcome at twelve month follow-up. Psychol. Med. 20:383-94 (Pubitemid 20169849)
106. Paulhus DL. 1998. Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: a mixed blessing? J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 74:1197-208 (Pubitemid 128656638)
107. Peñalba V, McGuire H, Leite JR. 2008. Psychosocial interventions for prevention of psychological disorders in law enforcement officers. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3:CD005601
108. Peterson S, Hoffer G, Millner E. 1995. Are drivers of air-bag-equipped cars more aggressive? A test of the offsetting behavior hypothesis. J. Law Econ. 38:251-64
109. Ploeg J, Ciliska D, Dobbins M, Hayward S, Thomas H, Underwood J. 1996. A systematic overview of adolescent suicide prevention programs. Can. J. Public Health 87:319-24 (Pubitemid 26395035)
110. Pratt BM, Woolfenden SR. 2002. Interventions for preventing eating disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2:CD002891
111. Presnell K, Stice E. 2003. An experimental test of the effect of weight-loss dieting on bulimic pathology: tipping the scales in a different direction. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 112:166-70 (Pubitemid 36249855)
112. Prochaska JO, Redding CA, Harlow LL, Rossi JS, Velicer WF. 1994. The transtheoretical model of change and HIV prevention: a review. Health Educ. Q. 21:471-86
113. Quale AJ, Schanke AK. 2010. Resilience in the face of coping with severe physical injury: a study of trajectories of adjustment in a rehabilitation setting. Rehabil. Psychol. 55:12-22
114. Roberts NP, Kitchiner NJ, Kenardy J, Bisson JI. 2009. Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3:CD006869
115. Ruscio AM, Ruscio J, Keane TM. 2002. The latent structure of posttraumatic stress disorder: a taxometric analysis of reactions to extreme stress. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 111:290-301 (Pubitemid 34441207)
116. Schok ML, Kleber RJ, Lensvelt-Mulders GJLM. 2010. A model of resilience and meaning after military deployment: personal resources in making sense of war and peacekeeping experiences. Aging Mental Health 14:328-38
117. SeligmanMEP, PetersonC. 2003. Positive clinical psychology. InAPsychology ofHuman Strengths: Fundamental Questions and Future Directions for a Positive Psychology, ed. LG Aspinwall, UM Staudinger, pp. 305-17. Washington, DC: Am. Psychol. Assoc.
118. Shaffer D, Craft L. 1999. Methods of adolescent suicide prevention. J. Clin. Psychiatry 60:70-74
119. Shaffer D, Garland AN, Vieland V, Underwood M, Busner C. 1991. The impact of curriculum-based suicide prevention programs for teenagers. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 30:588-96
120. Shaffer D, Vieland V, Garland A, Rojas M, Underwood M, Busner C. 1990. Adolescent suicide attempters: response to suicide-prevention programs. JAMA 264:3151-55
121. Shear K, Frank E, Houck PR, Reynolds CF. 2005. Treatment of complicated grief: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 293:2601-8 (Pubitemid 40741198)
122. Spirito A, Esposito-Smythers C. 2006. Attempted and completed suicide in adolescence. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2:237-66 (Pubitemid 43799805)
123. Stevens M, Bond L, Pryce C, Roberts HM, Platt S. 2008. Prevention of suicide and suicidal behaviour in adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3:CD007322
124. Stewart D, Carter J, Drinkwater J, Hainsworth J, Fairburn C. 2001. Modification of eating attitudes and behavior in adolescent girls: a controlled study. Int. J. Eat. Disord. 29:107-18 (Pubitemid 32163985)
125. Stice E, ShawH. 2004. Eating disorder prevention programs: ameta-analytic review. Psychol. Bull. 130:206-27 (Pubitemid 38317809)
126. Stice E, Shaw H, Burton E, Wade E. 2006. Dissonance and healthy weight eating disorder prevention programs: a randomized efficacy trial. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 74:263-75 (Pubitemid 43807359)
127. Stice E, ShawH,Marti CN. 2007.Ameta-analytic review of eating disorder prevention programs: encouraging findings. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 3:207-31 (Pubitemid 46651127)
128. Stroebe W, Zech E, Stroebe MS, Abakoumkin G. 2005. Does social support help in bereavement? J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. 24:1030-50 (Pubitemid 41810980)
129. Taylor C, Bryson S, Luce K, Cunning D, Doyle A, et al. 2006. Prevention of eating disorders in at-risk college-age women. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 63:881-88 (Pubitemid 44188481)
130. Taylor SE, Brown JD. 1988. Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychol. Bull. 103:193-210
131. Ullman J, NewcombM. 1999. I felt the earthmove: a prospective study of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. In Historical and Geographical Influences on Psychopathology, ed. PCohen,CSlomkowski, L Robins, pp. 217-46. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
132. Viscusi WK, Cavallo G. 1996. Safety behavior and consumer responses to cigarette lighter safety mechanisms. Managerial Decis. Econ. 17:441-57
133. Weems CF, Taylor LK, Cannon MF, Marino RC, Romano DM, et al. 2010. Post traumatic stress, context, and the lingering effects of the Hurricane Katrina disaster among ethnic minority youth. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 38:49-56
134. Werner EE. 1995. Resilience in development. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 4:81-85
135. Wilde GJS. 1982. The theory of risk homeostasis: implications for safety and health. Risk Anal. 2:209-25 (Pubitemid 13025432)
136. Wortman CB, Silver RC. 1989. The myths of coping with loss. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 57:349-57 (Pubitemid 20076600)
137. Zechmeister I, Kilian R, McDaid D, MHEEN Group. 2008. Is it worth investing in mental health promotion and prevention of mental illness? A systematic review of the evidence from economic evaluations. BMC Public Health 8:20.
138. Zisook S, Chentsova-Dutton Y, Shuchter SR. 1998. PTSD following bereavement. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry 10:157-63 (Pubitemid 29078268)