메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue , 2011, Pages 39-69

Social determinants and the decline of cardiovascular diseases: Understanding the links

Author keywords

cerebrovascular disease; coronary heart disease; life course epidemiology; social determinants of health; socioeconomic factors

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

EID: 79952840734     PISSN: 01637525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101234     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (121)

References (177)
  • 2
    • 0035818328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease among Aboriginal people in Canada: The Study of Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation in Aboriginal Peoples (SHARE-AP)
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06255-9
    • Anand SS, Yusuf S, Jacobs R, Davis AD, Yi Q, et al. 2001. Risk factors, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease among Aboriginal people in Canada: the Study of Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation in Aboriginal Peoples (SHARE-AP). Lancet 358:1147-53. (Pubitemid 32971848)
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , Issue.9288 , pp. 1147-1153
    • Anand, S.S.1    Yusuf, S.2    Jacobs, R.3    Davis, A.D.4    Yi, Q.5    Gerstein, H.6    Montague, P.A.7    Lonn, E.8
  • 3
    • 79952851129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the massive declines in coronary heart disease mortality rates in Iceland, 1981-2006
    • Reykjav́k, Icel
    • Aspelund T,Gudnason V, Magnusdottir B, AndersenK, Thorsson B, et al. 2009. Explaining the massive declines in coronary heart disease mortality rates in Iceland, 1981-2006. In XXII Nordic-Baltic Congr. Cardiol., pp. 61-61. Reykjav́?k, Icel.
    • (2009) XXII Nordic-Baltic Congr Cardiol. , pp. 61-61
    • Aspelund, T.1    Gudnason, V.2    Magnusdottir, B.3    Andersen, K.4    Thorsson, B.5
  • 6
    • 79952821259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new data set of educational attainment in the world 1950-2010
    • Barro R, Lee J-W. 2010. A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950-2010. NBER Work. Pap. 15902. http://www.barrolee.com/.
    • (2010) NBER Work. Pap. , pp. 15902
    • Barro, R.1    Lee, J.-W.2
  • 7
    • 0033791311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors: Change among men in England 1984-1993
    • Bartley M, Fitzpatrick R, Firth D, Marmot M. 2000. Social distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors: change among men in England 1984-1993. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 54:806-14.
    • (2000) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.54 , pp. 806-14
    • Bartley, M.1    Fitzpatrick, R.2    Firth, D.3    Marmot, M.4
  • 8
    • 61449325207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of cigarette costs on BMI and obesity
    • Baum CL. 2009. The effects of cigarette costs on BMI and obesity. Health Econ. 18:3-19.
    • (2009) Health Econ. , vol.18 , pp. 3-19
    • Baum, C.L.1
  • 9
    • 79952858515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions to change: Major risk factors and the potential for prevention
    • Beaglehole R, Dobson A. 2005. Contributions to change: major risk factors and the potential for prevention. See Ref. 107, pp. 642-53.
    • (2005) See Ref. , vol.107 , pp. 642-53
    • Beaglehole, R.1    Dobson, A.2
  • 10
    • 0036990124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for new risk factors for coronary heart disease: Occupational therapy for epidemiologists?
    • DOI 10.1093/ije/31.6.1117
    • Beaglehole R, Magnus P. 2002. The search for new risk factors for coronary heart disease: occupational therapy for epidemiologists? Int. J. Epidemiol. 31:1117-22. (Pubitemid 36204466)
    • (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 1117-1122
    • Beaglehole, R.1    Magnus, P.2
  • 11
    • 33645216738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the recent decrease in coronary heart disease mortality rates in Ireland, 1985-2000
    • Bennett K, Kabir Z, Unal B, Shelley E, Critchley J, et al. 2006. Explaining the recent decrease in coronary heart disease mortality rates in Ireland, 1985-2000. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 60:322-27.
    • (2006) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.60 , pp. 322-27
    • Bennett, K.1    Kabir, Z.2    Unal, B.3    Shelley, E.4    Critchley, J.5
  • 12
    • 0028991651 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors in Australia: trends in socioeconomic inequalities
    • Bennett S. 1995. Cardiovascular risk factors in Australia: trends in socioeconomic inequalities. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 49:363-72. (Pubitemid 26432341)
    • (1995) Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-372
    • Bennett, S.1
  • 13
    • 65949084482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the decreasing coronary heart disease mortality in Sweden between 1986 and 2002
    • Bj ̈ orck L, Rosengren A, Bennett K, Lappas G, Capewell S. 2009. Modelling the decreasing coronary heart disease mortality in Sweden between 1986 and 2002. Eur. Heart J. 30:1046-56.
    • (2009) Eur. Heart J. , vol.30 , pp. 1046-56
    • Bj̈orck, L.1    Rosengren, A.2    Bennett, K.3    Lappas, G.4    Capewell, S.5
  • 14
    • 0033248078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does social mobility affect the size of the socioeconomic mortality differential? Evidence from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study
    • BlaneD,Harding S, Rosato M. 1999. Does social mobility affect the size of the socioeconomic mortality differential? Evidence from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A 162:59-70.
    • (1999) J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A , vol.162 , pp. 59-70
    • Blane, D.1    Harding, S.2    Rosato, M.3
  • 15
    • 0029905893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood
    • Blane D, Hart CL, Davey Smith G, Gillis CR, Hole DJ, Hawthorne VM. 1996. Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood. Br. Med. J. 313:1434-38. (Pubitemid 26408030)
    • (1996) British Medical Journal , vol.313 , Issue.7070 , pp. 1434-1438
    • Blane, D.1    Hart, C.L.2    Davey Smith, G.3    Gillis, C.R.4    Hole, D.J.5    Hawthorne, V.M.6
  • 16
    • 0033076083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some social and physical correlates of intergenerational social mobility: Evidence from the West of Scotland collaborative study
    • Blane D, Davey Smith G, Hart C. 1999. Some social and physical correlates of intergenerational social mobility: evidence from the West of Scotland collaborative study. Sociology 33:169-83.
    • (1999) Sociology , vol.33 , pp. 169-83
    • Blane, D.1    Davey Smith, G.2    Hart, C.3
  • 17
    • 0033559788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Place effects for areas defined by administrative boundaries
    • Boyle MH, Willms JD. 1999. Place effects for areas defined by administrative boundaries. Am. J. Epidemiol. 149:577-85. (Pubitemid 29130026)
    • (1999) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.149 , Issue.6 , pp. 577-585
    • Boyle, M.H.1    Willms, J.D.2
  • 18
    • 84881927470 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and the national economy A review, and the experience of England and Wales, 1936-76
    • Brenner MH. 1979. Mortality and the national economy. A review, and the experience of England and Wales, 1936-76. Lancet 2:568-73.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 568-73
    • Brenner, M.H.1
  • 19
    • 0023066576 scopus 로고
    • Economic change, alcohol consumption and heart disease mortality in nine industrialized countries
    • BrennerMH. 1987. Economic change, alcohol consumption and heart disease mortality in nine industrialized countries. Soc. Sci. Med. 25:119-32.
    • (1987) Soc. Sci. Med. , vol.25 , pp. 119-32
    • Brenner, M.H.1
  • 21
    • 0034718443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explanation for the decline in coronary heart disease mortality rates in Auckland New Zealand, between 1982 and 1993
    • Capewell S, Beaglehole R, Seddon M, McMurray J. 2000. Explanation for the decline in coronary heart disease mortality rates in Auckland, New Zealand, between 1982 and 1993. Circulation 102:1511-16.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 1511-16
    • Capewell, S.1    Beaglehole, R.2    Seddon, M.3    McMurray, J.4
  • 22
    • 0032923347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of modern cardiovascular treatment and risk factor changes to the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Scotland between 1975 and 1994
    • Capewell S, Morrison CE, McMurray JJ. 1999. Contribution of modern cardiovascular treatment and risk factor changes to the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Scotland between 1975 and. Heart 81:380-86. (Pubitemid 29167127)
    • (1999) Heart , vol.81 , Issue.4 , pp. 380-386
    • Capewell, S.1    Morrison, C.E.2    McMurray, J.J.3
  • 23
    • 0343205116 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological studies of culture change I. Health status and recency of industrialization
    • Cassel J, Tyroler HA. 1961. Epidemiological studies of culture change. I. Health status and recency of industrialization. Arch. Environ. Health 3:25-33.
    • (1961) Arch. Environ. Health , vol.3 , pp. 25-33
    • Cassel, J.1    Tyroler, H.A.2
  • 24
    • 67650720726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic life environments and coronary heart disease: A literature review, theoretical contributions, methodological updates, and a research agenda
    • Chaix B. 2009. Geographic life environments and coronary heart disease: a literature review, theoretical contributions, methodological updates, and a research agenda. Annu. Rev. Public Health 30:81-105.
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Public Health , vol.30 , pp. 81-105
    • Chaix, B.1
  • 25
    • 17644433358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors by socioeconomic status among Canadian adults
    • Choinìere R, Lafontaine P, Edwards AC. 2000. Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors by socioeconomic status among Canadian adults. CMAJ 162:S13-24. (Pubitemid 30313210)
    • (2000) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.162 , Issue.9 SUPPL.
    • Choiniere, R.1    Lafontaine, P.2    Edwards, A.C.3
  • 26
    • 58349088752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring achievement: Changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Australia
    • Clarke PM, Hayes AJ. 2009. Measuring achievement: changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Australia. Soc. Sci. Med. 68:552-61.
    • (2009) Soc. Sci. Med. , vol.68 , pp. 552-61
    • Clarke, P.M.1    Hayes, A.J.2
  • 27
    • 0018216618 scopus 로고
    • The decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, U.S.A., 1968-1975
    • Cooper R, Stamler J, Dyer A, Garside D. 1978. The decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, U.S.A., 1968-1975. J. Chronic Dis. 31:709-20. (Pubitemid 9140313)
    • (1978) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.31 , Issue.12 , pp. 709-720
    • Cooper, R.1    Stamler, L.2    Dyer, A.3    Garside, D.4
  • 28
    • 0036239964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial crisis, health outcomes and ageing: Mexico in the 1980s and 1990s
    • Cutler DM, Knaul F, Lozano R, Mendez O, Zurita B. 2002. Financial crisis, health outcomes and ageing: Mexico in the 1980s and 1990s. J. Public Econ. 84:279-303.
    • (2002) J. Public Econ. , vol.84 , pp. 279-303
    • Cutler, D.M.1    Knaul, F.2    Lozano, R.3    Mendez, O.4    Zurita, B.5
  • 30
    • 77049098514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding differences in health behaviors by education
    • Cutler DM, Lleras-Muney A. 2010. Understanding differences in health behaviors by education. J. Health Econ. 29:1-28.
    • (2010) J. Health Econ. , vol.29 , pp. 1-28
    • Cutler, D.M.1    Lleras-Muney, A.2
  • 31
    • 77956575849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does attendance at preschool affect adult health? A systematic review
    • D'Onise K, McDermott RA, Lynch JW. 2010. Does attendance at preschool affect adult health? A systematic review. Public Health 124:500-11.
    • (2010) Public Health , vol.124 , pp. 500-11
    • D'Onise, K.1    McDermott, R.A.2    Lynch, J.W.3
  • 33
    • 0030597413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding it all - Health, meta-theories, and mortality trends
    • Davey Smith G, Egger M. 1996. Commentary: Understanding it all-health, meta-theories, and mortality trends. Br. Med. J. 313:1584-85. (Pubitemid 27010653)
    • (1996) British Medical Journal , vol.313 , Issue.7072 , pp. 1584-1585
    • Smith, G.D.1    Egger, M.2
  • 35
    • 4644275169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Social capital, social epidemiology and disease aetiology
    • DOI 10.1093/ije/dyh261
    • Davey Smith G, Lynch J. 2004. Commentary: Social capital, social epidemiology and disease aetiology. Int. J. Epidemiol. 33:691-700. (Pubitemid 39263839)
    • (2004) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 691-700
    • Smith, G.D.1    Lynch, J.2
  • 36
    • 4444370258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic differentials
    • 2nd edition, ed. D Kuh, Y Ben-Shlomo Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Davey Smith G, Lynch J. 2004. Socioeconomic differentials. In A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, 2nd edition, ed. D Kuh, Y Ben-Shlomo, pp. 77-115. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
    • (2004) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology , pp. 77-115
    • Davey Smith, G.1    Lynch, J.2
  • 37
    • 0030007870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial: I. White men
    • Davey Smith G, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, Stamler R, Stamler J. 1996. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: I. White men. Am. J. Public Health 86:486-96. (Pubitemid 26125027)
    • (1996) American Journal of Public Health , vol.86 , Issue.4 , pp. 486-496
    • Smith, G.D.1    Neaton, J.D.2    Wentworth, D.3    Stamler, R.4    Stamler, J.5
  • 38
    • 0032495664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality differences between black and white men in the USA: The contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)80010-0
    • Davey Smith G, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, Stamler R, Stamler J. 1998. Mortality differences between black and white men in the USA: contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT. Lancet 351:934-39. (Pubitemid 28138466)
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , Issue.9107 , pp. 934-939
    • Davey Smith, G.1    Neaton, J.D.2    Wentworth, D.3    Stamler, R.4    Stamler, J.5
  • 39
    • 0029883499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial: II. Black men
    • Davey Smith G, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, Stamler R, Stamler J. 1996. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: II. Black men. Am. J. Public Health 86:497-504. (Pubitemid 26125028)
    • (1996) American Journal of Public Health , vol.86 , Issue.4 , pp. 497-504
    • Smith, G.D.1    Wentworth, D.2    Neaton, J.D.3    Stamler, R.4    Stamler, J.5
  • 41
    • 70349884337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socio-economic status, cortisol and allostatic load: A review of the literature
    • Dowd JB, Simanek AM, Aiello AE. 2009. Socio-economic status, cortisol and allostatic load: a review of the literature. Int. J. Epidemiol. 38:1297-309.
    • (2009) Int. J. Epidemiol. , vol.38 , pp. 1297-309
    • Dowd, J.B.1    Simanek, A.M.2    Aiello, A.E.3
  • 42
    • 0024428432 scopus 로고
    • Inter-mediating risk factors in the relation between socioeconomic status and 25-year mortality (the Zutphen Study)
    • Duijkers TJ, Kromhout D, Spruit IP, Doornbos G. 1989. Inter-mediating risk factors in the relation between socioeconomic status and 25-year mortality (the Zutphen Study). Int. J. Epidemiol. 18:658-62. (Pubitemid 19268611)
    • (1989) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 658-662
    • Duijkers, T.J.1    Kromhout, D.2    Spruit, I.P.3    Doornbos, G.4
  • 43
    • 0035009942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exporting failure? Coronary heart disease and stroke in developing countries
    • Ebrahim S, Davey Smith G. 2001. Exporting failure? Coronary heart disease and stroke in developing countries. Int. J. Epidemiol. 30:201-5. (Pubitemid 32447811)
    • (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-205
    • Ebrahim, S.1    Smith, G.D.2
  • 44
    • 2342633265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class differences in coronary heart disease in middle-aged British men: Implications for prevention
    • DOI 10.1093/ije/dyh006
    • Emberson JR, Whincup PH, Morris RW, Walker M. 2004. Social class differences in coronary heart disease in middle-aged British men: implications for prevention. Int. J. Epidemiol. 33:289-96. (Pubitemid 38578824)
    • (2004) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 289-296
    • Emberson, J.R.1    Whincup, P.H.2    Morris, R.W.3    Walker, M.4
  • 45
    • 17444407170 scopus 로고
    • Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea
    • Enos MW, Holmes LCR, Beyer CJ. 1953. Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea. JAMA 31:1117-22.
    • (1953) JAMA , vol.31 , pp. 1117-22
    • Enos, M.W.1    Lcr, H.2    Beyer, C.J.3
  • 47
    • 24644495599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are mortality differences and trends by education any better or worse in New Zealand? A comparison study with Norway, Denmark and Finland, 1980-1990s
    • DOI 10.1007/s10654-005-7923-y
    • Fawcett J, Blakely T, Kunst A. 2005. Are mortality differences and trends by education any better or worse in New Zealand? A comparison study with Norway, Denmark and Finland, 1980s-1990s. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 20:683-91. (Pubitemid 41266865)
    • (2005) European Journal of Epidemiology , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 683-691
    • Fawcett, J.1    Blakely, T.2    Kunst, A.3
  • 49
    • 67049132400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding socioeconomic status to Framingham scoring to reduce disparities in coronary risk assessment
    • Fiscella K, Tancredi D, Franks P. 2009. Adding socioeconomic status to Framingham scoring to reduce disparities in coronary risk assessment. Am. Heart J. 157:988-94.
    • (2009) Am. Heart J. , vol.157 , pp. 988-94
    • Fiscella, K.1    Tancredi, D.2    Franks, P.3
  • 50
    • 50149118611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using directed acyclic graphs to guide analyses of neighbourhood health effects: An introduction
    • Fleischer NL, Diez Roux AV. 2008. Using directed acyclic graphs to guide analyses of neighbourhood health effects: an introduction. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 62:842-46.
    • (2008) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.62 , pp. 842-46
    • Fleischer, N.L.1    Diez Roux, A.V.2
  • 51
    • 0021734642 scopus 로고
    • Unemployment and mortality in post-war Scotland
    • DOI 10.1016/0167-6296(84)90013-4
    • Forbes JF, McGregor A. 1984. Unemployment and mortality in post-war Scotland. J. Health Econ. 3:239-57. (Pubitemid 15163397)
    • (1984) Journal of Health Economics , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-257
    • Forbes, J.F.1    McGregor, A.2
  • 53
    • 36148943127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Young Adults in the U.S. From 1980 Through 2002. Concealed Leveling of Mortality Rates
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.05.056, PII S0735109707028471
    • Ford ES, Capewell S. 2007. Coronary heart disease mortality among young adults in the U.S. from 1980 through 2002: concealed leveling of mortality rates. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 50:2128-32. (Pubitemid 350117339)
    • (2007) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.50 , Issue.22 , pp. 2128-2132
    • Ford, E.S.1    Capewell, S.2
  • 55
    • 77956942602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased educational attainment and its effect on child mortality in 175 countries between 1970 and 2009: A systematic analysis
    • Gakidou E, Cowling K, Lozano R, Murray CJL. 2010. Increased educational attainment and its effect on child mortality in 175 countries between 1970 and 2009: a systematic analysis. Lancet 376:959-74.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 959-74
    • Gakidou, E.1    Cowling, K.2    Lozano, R.3    Cjl, M.4
  • 56
    • 32044441235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of the influence of childhood socioeconomic circumstances on risk for cardiovascular disease in adulthood
    • DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.06.053, PII S1047279705002504
    • Galobardes B, Davey Smith G, Lynch JW. 2006. Systematic review of the influence of childhood socioeconomic circumstances on risk for cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Ann. Epidemiol. 16:91-104. (Pubitemid 43197600)
    • (2006) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-104
    • Galobardes, B.1    Smith, G.D.2    Lynch, J.W.3
  • 57
    • 33750531710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deaths rise in good economic times: Evidence from the OECD
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ehb.2006.04.001, PII S1570677X06000074
    • Gerdtham U-G, Ruhm CJ. 2006. Deaths rise in good economic times: evidence from the OECD. Econ. Hum. Biol. 4:298-316. (Pubitemid 44660880)
    • (2006) Economics and Human Biology , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 298-316
    • Gerdtham, U.-G.1    Ruhm, C.J.2
  • 58
    • 34548234283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the 'Stroke Belt' worn from childhood? Risk of first stroke and state of residence in childhood and adulthood
    • DOI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.482059, PII 0000767020070900000007
    • Glymour MM, Avendano M, Berkman LF. 2007. Is the 'stroke belt' worn from childhood? Risk of first stroke and state of residence in childhood and adulthood. Stroke 38:2415-21. (Pubitemid 47329616)
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 2415-2421
    • Glymour, M.M.1    Avendano, M.2    Berkman, L.F.3
  • 59
    • 0035070881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth cohort evidence of population influences on blood pressure in the United States, 1887-1994
    • DOI 10.1016/S1047-2797(00)00224-6, PII S1047279700002246
    • Goff DC, Howard G, Russell GB, Labarthe DR. 2001. Birth cohort evidence of population influences on blood pressure in the United States, 1887-1994. Ann. Epidemiol. 11:271-79. (Pubitemid 32288856)
    • (2001) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-279
    • Goff Jr., D.C.1    Howard, G.2    Russell, G.B.3    Labarthe, D.R.4
  • 60
    • 0039042215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between socioeconomic status and ischaemic heart disease in cohort and case-control studies: 1960-1993
    • DOI 10.1093/ije/27.3.350
    • Gonźalez MA, Artalejo FR, del Rey Calero J. 1998. Relationship between socioeconomic status and ischaemic heart disease in cohort and case-control studies: 1960-1993. Int. J. Epidemiol. 27:350-58. (Pubitemid 28336958)
    • (1998) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 350-358
    • Alonso Gonzalez, M.1    Rodriguez Artalejo, F.2    Del Rey Calero, J.3
  • 64
    • 0037406408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between number of siblings and adult mortality and stroke risk: 25 Year follow up of men in the collaborative study
    • DOI 10.1136/jech.57.5.385
    • Hart CL, Davey Smith G. 2003. Relation between number of siblings and adult mortality and stroke risk: 25 year follow up of men in the Collaborative study. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 57:385-91. (Pubitemid 36520837)
    • (2003) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 385-391
    • Hart, C.L.1    Davey Smith, G.2
  • 65
    • 0037143054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of upward social mobility on population mortality: Analysis with routine data
    • Heller RF, McElduff P, Edwards R. 2002. Impact of upward social mobility on population mortality: analysis with routine data. Br. Med. J. 325:134-36. (Pubitemid 34800123)
    • (2002) British Medical Journal , vol.325 , Issue.7356 , pp. 134-136
    • Heller, R.F.1    McElduff, P.2    Edwards, R.3
  • 67
    • 0019524058 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity at work and at leisure in relation to coronary risk factors and social class. A 4-year mortality follow-up. The Oslo Study
    • Holme I, Helgeland A, Hjermann I, Leren P, Lund-Larsen PG. 1981. Physical activity at work and at leisure in relation to coronary risk factors and social class. A 4-year mortality follow-up. The Oslo study. Acta Med. Scand. 209:277-83. (Pubitemid 11105686)
    • (1981) Acta Medica Scandinavica , vol.209 , Issue.4 , pp. 277-283
    • Holme, I.1    Helgeland, A.2    Hjermann, I.3
  • 68
    • 0019449641 scopus 로고
    • A survey of 246 suggested coronary risk factors
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9150(81)90122-2
    • Hopkins PN, Williams RR. 1981. A survey of 246 suggested coronary risk factors. Atherosclerosis 40:1-52. (Pubitemid 11040301)
    • (1981) Atherosclerosis , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-52
    • Hopkins, P.N.1    Williams, R.R.2
  • 69
    • 0016218212 scopus 로고
    • Status inconsistency, mobility and coronary heart disease
    • Horan PM, Gray BH. 1974. Status inconsistency, mobility and coronary heart disease. J. Health Soc. Behav. 15:300-10.
    • (1974) J. Health Soc. Behav. , vol.15 , pp. 300-10
    • Horan, P.M.1    Gray, B.H.2
  • 72
    • 0033507206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do we have a stroke belt in the Southeastern United States? A review of unlikely and uninvestigated potential causes
    • Howard G. 1999. Why do we have a stroke belt in the southeastern United States? A review of unlikely and uninvestigated potential causes. Am. J. Med. Sci. 317:160-67. (Pubitemid 30389700)
    • (1999) American Journal of the Medical Sciences , vol.317 , Issue.3 , pp. 160-167
    • Howard, G.1
  • 73
    • 0034193503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, socioeconomic status, and cause-specific mortality
    • DOI 10.1016/S1047-2797(00)00038-7, PII S1047279700000387
    • Howard G, Anderson RT, Russell G, Howard VJ, Burke GL. 2000. Race, socioeconomic status, and cause-specific mortality. Ann. Epidemiol. 10:214-23. (Pubitemid 30330955)
    • (2000) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 214-223
    • Howard, G.1    Anderson, R.T.2    Russell, G.3    Howard, V.J.4    Burke, G.L.5
  • 74
    • 34047096374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absolute and attributable risks of cardiovascular disease incidence in relation to optimal and borderline risk factors: Comparison of African American with white subjects - Atherosclerosis risk in communities study
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.167.6.573
    • Hozawa A, Folsom AR, Sharrett AR, Chambless LE. 2007. Absolute and attributable risks of cardiovascular disease incidence in relation to optimal and borderline risk factors: comparison of African American with white subjects-Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch. Intern. Med. 167:573-79. (Pubitemid 46513226)
    • (2007) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.167 , Issue.6 , pp. 573-579
    • Hozawa, A.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Sharrett, A.R.3    Chambless, L.E.4
  • 77
    • 33751511467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic status and trends in disparities in 4 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease among US adults, 1971-2002
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.166.21.2348
    • Kanjilal S, Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Zhang P,NelsonDE, et al. 2006. Socioeconomic status and trends in disparities in 4 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease among US adults, 1971-2002. Arch. Intern. Med. 166:2348-55. (Pubitemid 44833360)
    • (2006) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.166 , Issue.21 , pp. 2348-2355
    • Kanjilal, S.1    Gregg, E.W.2    Cheng, Y.J.3    Zhang, P.4    Nelson, D.E.5    Mensah, G.6    Beckles, G.L.A.7
  • 78
    • 0027376801 scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature
    • Kaplan GA, Keil JE. 1993. Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease-a review of the literature. Circulation 88:1973-98. (Pubitemid 23296950)
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 1973-1998
    • Kaplan, G.A.1    Keil, J.E.2
  • 79
    • 29244434522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of economic crisis on cause-specific mortality in South Korea
    • DOI 10.1093/ije/dyi224
    • Khang YH, Lynch JW, Kaplan GA. 2005. Impact of economic crisis on cause-specific mortality in South Korea. Int. J. Epidemiol. 34:1291-301. (Pubitemid 41819536)
    • (2005) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 1291-1301
    • Khang, Y.-H.1    Lynch, J.W.2    Kaplan, G.A.3
  • 80
    • 84947380923 scopus 로고
    • Components of a difference between two rates
    • Kitagawa EM. 1955. Components of a difference between two rates. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 50:1168-94.
    • (1955) J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , vol.50 , pp. 1168-94
    • Kitagawa, E.M.1
  • 81
    • 81955165711 scopus 로고
    • Education differentials in mortality by cause of death: United States
    • Kitagawa EM, Hauser PM. 1968. Education differentials in mortality by cause of death: United States,. Demography 5:318-53.
    • (1968) Demography , vol.5 , pp. 318-53
    • Kitagawa, E.M.1    Hauser, P.M.2
  • 82
    • 55149099428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Best-practice interventions to reduce socioeconomic inequalities of coronary heart disease mortality in UK: A prospective occupational cohort study
    • Kivim̈aki M, Shipley MJ, Ferrie JE, Singh-Manoux A, Batty GD, et al. 2008. Best-practice interventions to reduce socioeconomic inequalities of coronary heart disease mortality in UK: a prospective occupational cohort study. Lancet 372:1648-54.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1648-54
    • Kivim̈aki, M.1    Shipley, M.J.2    Ferrie, J.E.3    Singh-Manoux, A.4    Batty, G.D.5
  • 83
    • 0026358574 scopus 로고
    • Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height
    • Kuh DL, Power C, Rodgers B. 1991. Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height. Int. J. Epidemiol. 20:1001-9.
    • (1991) Int. J. Epidemiol. , vol.20 , pp. 1001-9
    • Kuh, D.L.1    Power, C.2    Rodgers, B.3
  • 84
    • 2342474097 scopus 로고
    • The ranks of death: Secular trends in income andmortality
    • Kunitz S, Engerman S. 1992. The ranks of death: secular trends in income andmortality. Health Transit. Rev. 2(Suppl.):29-46.
    • (1992) Health Transit. Rev. , vol.2 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 29-46
    • Kunitz, S.1    Engerman, S.2
  • 86
    • 0037038861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trends in mortality by stroke subtype over the twentieth century: Resolution of the stroke-coronary heart disease paradox?
    • Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Leon D, Sterne J, Ebrahim S. 2002. Secular trends in mortality by stroke subtype over the twentieth century: resolution of the stroke-coronary heart disease paradox? Lancet 360:1818-23.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1818-23
    • Lawlor, D.A.1    Davey Smith, G.2    Leon, D.3    Sterne, J.4    Ebrahim, S.5
  • 87
    • 0035828438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex matters: Secular and geographical trends in sex differences in coronary heart disease mortality
    • Lawlor DA, Ebrahim S, Davey Smith G. 2001. Sex matters: secular and geographical trends in sex differences in coronary heart disease mortality. Br. Med. J. 323:541-45 Erratum. 2002. Br. Med. J. 325(7364):580. (Pubitemid 32835573)
    • (2001) British Medical Journal , vol.323 , Issue.7312 , pp. 541-545
    • Lawlor, D.A.1    Ebrahim, S.2    Smith, G.D.3
  • 88
    • 0037069054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood and insulin resistance: Cross sectional survey using data from British women's heart and health study
    • Lawlor DA, Ebrahim S, Davey Smith G. 2002. Socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood and insulin resistance: cross sectional survey using data from British women's heart and health study. Br. Med. J. 325:805-9.
    • (2002) Br. Med. J. , vol.325 , pp. 805-9
    • Lawlor, D.A.1    Ebrahim, S.2    Davey Smith, G.3
  • 89
    • 68549102020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Canada: Temporal, socio-demographic and geographic factors
    • Lee DS, Chiu M, Manuel DG, Tu K, Wang X, et al. 2009. Trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Canada: temporal, socio-demographic and geographic factors. CMAJ 181:E55-66.
    • (2009) CMAJ , vol.181
    • Lee, D.S.1    Chiu, M.2    Manuel, D.G.3    Tu, K.4    Wang, X.5
  • 90
    • 33845465561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequality and mortality: Long-run evidence from a panel of countries
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.07.003, PII S0167629606000750
    • Leigh A, Jencks C. 2007. Inequality and mortality: long-run evidence from a panel of countries. J. Health Econ. 26:1-24. (Pubitemid 44908725)
    • (2007) Journal of Health Economics , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-24
    • Leigh, A.1    Jencks, C.2
  • 92
    • 69949166912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol and Russian mortality: A continuing crisis
    • Leon DA, ShkolnikovVM, McKeeM. 2009. Alcohol and Russian mortality: a continuing crisis. Addiction 104:1630-36.
    • (2009) Addiction , vol.104 , pp. 1630-36
    • Leon, D.A.1    Shkolnikov, V.M.2    McKee, M.3
  • 93
    • 68149119167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why has mortality from coronary heart disease in young adults levelled off?
    • Leyland AH, Lynch JW. 2009. Why has mortality from coronary heart disease in young adults levelled off? Br. Med. J. 339:b2515.
    • (2009) Br Med. J. , vol.339
    • Leyland, A.H.1    Lynch, J.W.2
  • 94
    • 29644443952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intervening on the social determinants of cardiovascular disease and diabetes
    • DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.013, PII S0749379705002643
    • Liburd LC, Jack L Jr, Williams S, Tucker P. 2005. Intervening on the social determinants of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Am. J. Prev. Med. 29:18-24. (Pubitemid 43021812)
    • (2005) American Journal of Preventive Medicine , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 18-24
    • Liburd, L.C.1    Jack Jr., L.2    Williams, S.3    Tucker, P.4
  • 95
    • 33646799069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68770-9, PII S0140673606687709
    • Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJL. 2006. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 367:1747-57. (Pubitemid 43767064)
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , Issue.9524 , pp. 1747-1757
    • Lopez, A.D.1    Mathers, C.D.2    Ezzati, M.3    Jamison, D.T.4    Murray, C.J.5
  • 97
    • 17444383417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144505
    • Lynch J, Davey Smith G. 2005. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Annu. Rev. Public Health 26:1-35. (Pubitemid 40547374)
    • (2005) Annual Review of Public Health , vol.26 , pp. 1-35
    • Lynch, J.1    Smith, G.D.2
  • 98
    • 33646231239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the social gradient in coronary heart disease: Comparing relative and absolute risk approaches
    • Lynch J,Davey SmithG,Harper S, Bainbridge K. 2006. Explaining the social gradient in coronary heart disease: comparing relative and absolute risk approaches. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 60:436-41.
    • (2006) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.60 , pp. 436-41
    • Lynch, J.1    Davey Smith, G.2    Harper, S.3    Bainbridge, K.4
  • 99
    • 3342946774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is income inequality a determinant of population health? Part 2. U.S. National and Regional Trends in income inequality and age- and cause-specific mortality
    • DOI 10.1111/j.0887-378X.2004.00312.x
    • Lynch J, Davey Smith G,Harper S,HillemeierM. 2004. Is income inequality a determinant of population health? Part 2. U.S. national and regional trends in income inequality and age- and cause-specific mortality. Milbank Q. 82:355-400. (Pubitemid 38992738)
    • (2004) Milbank Quarterly , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 355-400
    • Lynch, J.1    Smith, G.D.2    Harper, S.3    Hillemeier, M.4
  • 100
  • 101
    • 0029659391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do cardiovascular risk factors explain the relation between socioeconomic status, risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and acute myocardial infarction?
    • Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT. 1996. Do cardiovascular risk factors explain the relation between socioeconomic status, risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and acute myocardial infarction? Am. J. Epidemiol. 144:934-42.
    • (1996) Am J. Epidemiol. , vol.144 , pp. 934-42
    • Lynch, J.W.1    Kaplan, G.A.2    Cohen, R.D.3    Tuomilehto, J.4    Salonen, J.T.5
  • 104
    • 0041767219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial factors and public health: A suitable case for treatment?
    • DOI 10.1136/jech.57.8.565
    • Macleod J, Davey Smith G. 2003. Psychosocial factors and public health: a suitable case for treatment? J. Epidemiol. Community Health 57:565-70. (Pubitemid 36930280)
    • (2003) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , vol.57 , Issue.8 , pp. 565-570
    • Macleod, J.1    Davey Smith, G.2
  • 105
    • 0037172303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease empirical: Demonstration of bias in a prospective observational study of Scottish men
    • Macleod J, Davey Smith G, Heslop P, Metcalfe C, Carroll D, Hart C. 2002. Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease: empirical demonstration of bias in a prospective observational study of Scottish men. Br. Med. J. 324:1247-51. (Pubitemid 34553561)
    • (2002) British Medical Journal , vol.324 , Issue.7348 , pp. 1247-1251
    • Macleod, J.1    Smith, G.D.2    Heslop, P.3    Metcalfe, C.4    Carroll, D.5    Hart, C.6
  • 106
    • 0022361120 scopus 로고
    • Fibrinogen: A possible link between social class and coronary heart disease
    • Markowe HL, Marmot MG, Shipley MJ, Bulpitt CJ, Meade TW, et al. 1985. Fibrinogen: a possible link between social class and coronary heart disease. Br. Med. J. 291:1312-14. (Pubitemid 16205379)
    • (1985) British Medical Journal , vol.291 , Issue.6505 , pp. 1312-1314
    • Markowe, H.L.J.1    Marmot, M.G.2    Shipley, M.J.3
  • 108
    • 33644978711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status syndrome: A challenge to medicine
    • Marmot MG. 2006. Status syndrome: a challenge to medicine. JAMA 295:1304-7.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1304-7
    • Marmot, M.G.1
  • 111
    • 0021326325 scopus 로고
    • Inequalities in death: Specific explanations of a general pattern?
    • Marmot MG, Shipley MJ, Rose G. 1984. Inequalities in death-specific explanations of a general pattern? Lancet 1:1003-6. (Pubitemid 14148903)
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8384 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Marmot, M.G.1    Shipley, M.J.2    Rose, G.3
  • 112
    • 33845338724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of globalmortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030
    • Mathers CD, Loncar D. 2006. Projections of globalmortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 3:e442.
    • (2006) PLoS Med. , vol.3
    • Mathers, C.D.1    Loncar, D.2
  • 113
    • 77249170296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are psychosocial factors mediators of socioeconomic status and health connections?Aprogress report and blueprint for the future
    • Matthews KA, Gallo LC, Taylor SE. 2010. Are psychosocial factors mediators of socioeconomic status and health connections?Aprogress report and blueprint for the future. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1186:146-73.
    • (2010) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1186 , pp. 146-73
    • Matthews, K.A.1    Gallo, L.C.2    Taylor, S.E.3
  • 115
    • 0035858008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in blood pressure among students attending Glasgow University between 1948 and 1968: Analyses of cross sectional surveys
    • McCarron P, OkashaM,McEwen J, Davey Smith G. 2001. Changes in blood pressure among students attending Glasgow University between 1948 and 1968: analyses of cross sectional surveys. Br. Med. J. 322:885-89. (Pubitemid 32324307)
    • (2001) British Medical Journal , vol.322 , Issue.7291 , pp. 885-889
    • McCarron, P.1    Okasha, M.2    McEwen, J.3    Smith, G.D.4
  • 116
    • 77249114755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: Links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease
    • McEwenBS,Gianaros PJ. 2010. Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1186:190-222.
    • (2010) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1186 , pp. 190-222
    • McEwen, B.S.1    Gianaros, P.J.2
  • 117
    • 41749085490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gap gets bigger: Changes in mortality and life expectancy, by education, 1981-2000
    • DOI 10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.350
    • Meara ER, Richards S, Cutler DM. 2008. The gap gets bigger: changes inmortality and life expectancy, by education, 1981-2000. Health Aff. 27:350-60. (Pubitemid 351490324)
    • (2008) Health Affairs , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 350-360
    • Meara, E.R.1    Richards, S.2    Cutler, D.M.3
  • 118
    • 0022623866 scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic disparities in risk factors for cardiovascular disease
    • Millar WJ, Wigle DT. 1986. Socioeconomic disparities in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. CMAJ 134:127-32. (Pubitemid 16167075)
    • (1986) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.134 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-132
    • Millar, W.J.1    Wigle, D.T.2
  • 121
    • 0010696878 scopus 로고
    • Health and social change: Recent history of rheumatic heart disease
    • 77-79 85-87
    • Morris JN, Titmuss RM. 1944. Health and social change: recent history of rheumatic heart disease. Med. Off. 2:69-71, 77-79, 85-87.
    • (1944) Med. Off. , vol.2 , pp. 69-71
    • Morris, J.N.1    Titmuss, R.M.2
  • 122
    • 0346059476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recessions lower (some) mortality rates: Evidence from Germany
    • DOI 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00276-4
    • Neumayer E. 2004. Recessions lower (some) mortality rates: evidence from Germany. Soc. Sci. Med. 58:1037-47. (Pubitemid 38064224)
    • (2004) Social Science and Medicine , vol.58 , Issue.6 , pp. 1037-1047
    • Neumayer, E.1
  • 124
    • 1542358740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The (mis)estimation of neighborhood effects: Causal inference for a practicable social epidemiology
    • DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.004, PII S0277953603004131
    • Oakes JM. 2004. The (mis)estimation of neighborhood effects: causal inference for a practicable social epidemiology. Soc. Sci. Med. 58:1929-52. (Pubitemid 38326972)
    • (2004) Social Science and Medicine , vol.58 , Issue.10 , pp. 1929-1952
    • Oakes, J.M.1
  • 125
    • 33745588272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Advancing neighbourhood-effects research - Selection, inferential support, and structural confounding
    • DOI 10.1093/ije/dyl054
    • Oakes JM. 2006. Commentary: Advancing neighbourhood-effects research-selection, inferential support, and structural confounding. Int. J. Epidemiol. 35:643-47. (Pubitemid 43985552)
    • (2006) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 643-647
    • Oakes, J.M.1
  • 126
    • 38749147289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease trends in England and Wales from 1984 to 2004: Concealed levelling of mortality rates among young adults
    • DOI 10.1136/hrt.2007.118323
    • O'Flaherty M, Ford E, Allender S, Scarborough P, Capewell S. 2008. Coronary heart disease trends in England and Wales from 1984 to 2004: concealed levelling of mortality rates among young adults. Heart 94:178-81. (Pubitemid 351211725)
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-181
    • O'Flaherty, M.1    Ford, E.2    Allender, S.3    Scarborough, P.4    Capewell, S.5
  • 127
    • 77956299593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived job quality in the United States, Great Britain, Norway and West Germany 1989-2005
    • Olsen KM, Kalleberg AL, Nesheim T. 2010. Perceived job quality in the United States, Great Britain, Norway and West Germany, 1989-2005. Eur. J. Ind. Relat. 16:221-40.
    • (2010) Eur. J. Ind. Relat. , vol.16 , pp. 221-40
    • Olsen, K.M.1    Kalleberg, A.L.2    Nesheim, T.3
  • 128
    • 39549085557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The canary in the coal mine of coronary artery disease
    • DOI 10.1001/archinternmed.2007.58
    • Olshansky SJ, Persky V. 2008. The canary in the coal mine of coronary artery disease. Arch. Intern. Med. 168:261. (Pubitemid 351281669)
    • (2008) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.168 , Issue.3 , pp. 261
    • Olshansky, S.J.1    Persky, V.2
  • 132
    • 0031858956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trends in social patterning of cardiovascular risk factor levels in Sweden. The Northern Sweden MONICA Study 1986-1994
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1998.00289.x
    • Peltonen M, Huhtasaari F, Stegmayr B, Lundberg V, Asplund K. 1998. Secular trends in social patterning of cardiovascular risk factor levels in Sweden. The Northern Sweden MONICA Study 1986-MultinationalMonitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease. J. Intern.Med. 244:1-9. (Pubitemid 28322599)
    • (1998) Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.244 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Peltonen, M.1    Huhtasaari, F.2    Stegmayr, B.3    Lundberg, V.4    Asplund, K.5
  • 133
    • 76549244213 scopus 로고
    • Statistical studies of heart disease VIII. Mortality from heart disease among Negroes as compared with white persons
    • Pennell MY, Lehman JL. 1951. Statistical studies of heart disease. VIII. Mortality from heart disease among Negroes as compared with white persons. Public Health Rep. 66:57-80.
    • (1951) Public Health Rep. , vol.66 , pp. 57-80
    • Pennell, M.Y.1    Lehman, J.L.2
  • 134
    • 14644435074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the evidence for models of life course socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review
    • PollittRA, RoseKM,Kaufman JS 2005 Evaluating the evidence for models of life course socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review BMC Public Health 5 7.
    • (2005) BMC Public Health , vol.5 , pp. 7
    • Pollitt, R.A.1    Rose, K.M.2    Kaufman, J.S.3
  • 135
    • 73849124316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin of risk relativism
    • Poole C. 2009. On the origin of risk relativism. Epidemiology 21:3-9.
    • (2009) Epidemiology , vol.21 , pp. 3-9
    • Poole, C.1
  • 137
    • 0037143041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are inequalities in height underestimated by adult social position? Effects of changing social structure and height selection in a cohort study
    • Power C, Manor O, Li L. 2002. Are inequalities in height underestimated by adult social position? Effects of changing social structure and height selection in a cohort study. Br. Med. J. 325:131-34. (Pubitemid 34800122)
    • (2002) British Medical Journal , vol.325 , Issue.7356 , pp. 131-134
    • Power, C.1    Manor, O.2    Li, L.3
  • 138
    • 37749051227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are social inequalities in mortality in Britain narrowing? Time trends from 1978 to 2005 in a population-based study of older men
    • Ramsay SE, Morris RW, Lennon LT, Wannamethee SG,Whincup PH. 2008. Are social inequalities in mortality in Britain narrowing? Time trends from 1978 to 2005 in a population-based study of older men. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 62:75-80.
    • (2008) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.62 , pp. 75-80
    • Ramsay, S.E.1    Morris, R.W.2    Lennon, L.T.3    Wannamethee, S.G.4    Whincup, P.H.5
  • 140
    • 0019350308 scopus 로고
    • Social class and coronary heart disease
    • Rose G, Marmot MG. 1981. Social class and coronary heart disease. Br. Heart J. 45:13-19. (Pubitemid 11168836)
    • (1981) British Heart Journal , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-19
    • Rose, G.1    Marmot, M.G.2
  • 141
    • 71749107616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and risk for acute myocardial infarction in 52 high,middle and low-income countries:INTERHEARTcase-control study
    • Rosengren A, Subramanian SV, Islam S, Chow CK, Avezum A, et al. 2009. Education and risk for acute myocardial infarction in 52 high,middle and low-income countries:INTERHEARTcase-control study. Heart 95:2014-22.
    • (2009) Heart , vol.95 , pp. 2014-22
    • Rosengren, A.1    Subramanian, S.V.2    Islam, S.3    Chow, C.K.4    Avezum, A.5
  • 142
    • 0024207657 scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease and mortality in middle aged men from different occupational classes in Sweden
    • Rosengren A, Wedel H, Wilhelmsen L. 1988. Coronary heart disease and mortality in middle aged men from different occupational classes in Sweden. Br. Med. J. 297:1497-500. (Pubitemid 19007546)
    • (1988) British Medical Journal , vol.297 , Issue.6662 , pp. 1497-1500
    • Rosengren, A.1    Wedel, H.2    Wilhelmsen, L.3
  • 143
    • 0039012005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are recessions good for your health?
    • Ruhm CJ. 2000. Are recessions good for your health? Q. J. Econ. 115:617-50.
    • (2000) Q J. Econ. , vol.115 , pp. 617-50
    • Ruhm, C.J.1
  • 144
    • 38849170402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A healthy economy can break your heart
    • Ruhm CJ. 2007. A healthy economy can break your heart. Demography 44:829-48.
    • (2007) Demography , vol.44 , pp. 829-48
    • Ruhm, C.J.1
  • 145
    • 65549088874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroeconomic conditions, health, and government policy
    • ed. RF Schoeni, JS House, GA Kaplan, H Pollack New York: Russell Sage Found
    • Ruhm CJ. 2008. Macroeconomic conditions, health, and government policy. In Making Americans Healthier: Social and Economic Policy as Health Policy, ed. RF Schoeni, JS House, GA Kaplan, H Pollack, pp. 173-200. New York: Russell Sage Found.
    • (2008) Making Americans Healthier: Social and Economic Policy As Health Policy , pp. 173-200
    • Ruhm, C.J.1
  • 146
    • 0020400337 scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic status and risk of cancer, cerebral stroke, and death due to coronary heart disease and any disease: A longitudinal study in eastern Finland
    • Salonen J. 1982. Socioeconomic status and risk of cancer, cerebral stroke, and death due to coronary heart disease and any disease: a longitudinal study in eastern Finland. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 36:294-97. (Pubitemid 13247466)
    • (1982) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 294-297
    • Salonen, J.T.1
  • 147
    • 0033609485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and cancer mortality among Canadians of European, south Asian and Chinese origin from 1979 to 1993: An analysis of 1.2 million deaths
    • Sheth T, Nair C, Nargundkar M, Anand S, Yusuf S. 1999. Cardiovascular and cancer mortality among Canadians of European, South Asian and Chinese origin from 1979 to 1993: an analysis of 1.2 million deaths. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 161:132-38. (Pubitemid 29375967)
    • (1999) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.161 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-138
    • Sheth, T.1    Nair, C.2    Nargundkar, M.3    Anand, S.4    Yusuf, S.5
  • 148
    • 66149117489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in educational inequalities in smoking and physical activity in Canada: 1974-2005
    • Smith P, Frank J, Mustard C. 2009. Trends in educational inequalities in smoking and physical activity in Canada: 1974-2005. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 63:317-23.
    • (2009) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.63 , pp. 317-23
    • Smith, P.1    Frank, J.2    Mustard, C.3
  • 150
    • 0019156250 scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of ischemic heart disease
    • Stallones RA. 1980. The rise and fall of ischemic heart disease. Sci. Am. 243:53-59. (Pubitemid 11208268)
    • (1980) Scientific American , vol.243 , Issue.5 , pp. 53-59
    • Stallones, R.A.1
  • 151
    • 0003098862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Established major coronary risk factors: Historical overview
    • Stamler J. 2005. Established major coronary risk factors: historical overview. See Ref. 107, pp. 18-31.
    • (2005) See Ref. , vol.107 , pp. 18-31
    • Stamler, J.1
  • 152
    • 0003098862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status: Six established major risk factors-and low risk
    • Stamler J, Neaton JD, Garside DB, Daviglus ML. 2005. Current status: six established major risk factors-and low risk. See Ref. 107, pp. 32-70.
    • (2005) See Ref. , vol.107 , pp. 32-70
    • Stamler, J.1    Neaton, J.D.2    Garside, D.B.3    Daviglus, M.L.4
  • 153
    • 0033485508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low risk-factor profile and long-term cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality and life expectancyFindings for 5 large cohorts of young adult and middle-aged men and women
    • Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, Daviglus ML, et al. 1999. Low risk-factor profile and long-term cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality and life expectancy. Findings for 5 large cohorts of young adult and middle-aged men and women. JAMA 282:2012-18.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 2012-18
    • Stamler, J.1    Stamler, R.2    Neaton, J.D.3    Wentworth, D.4    Daviglus, M.L.5
  • 154
    • 0036642399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All-cause and cause-specific death rates by educational status for two million people in two American Cancer Society cohorts, 1959-1996
    • DOI 10.1093/aje/kwf001
    • Steenland K,Henley J, ThunM. 2002. All-cause and cause-specific death rates by educational status for two million people in two American Cancer Society cohorts, 1959-1996. Am. J. Epidemiol. 156:11-21. (Pubitemid 34680619)
    • (2002) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-21
    • Steenland, K.1    Henley, J.2    Thun, M.3
  • 155
    • 77949365175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational inequalities inmortality over four decades in Norway: Prospective study of middle agedmen and women followed for cause specific mortality 1960-2000
    • Strand BH, Grøholt EK, Steingŕ?msd ́ ottir OA, Blakely T, Graff-Iversen S,Naess Ø. 2010. Educational inequalities inmortality over four decades in Norway: prospective study of middle agedmen and women followed for cause specific mortality, 1960-2000. Br. Med. J. 340:c654.
    • (2010) Br. Med. J. , vol.340
    • Strand, B.H.1    Grøholt, E.K.2    Steingŕmsd́ottir, O.A.3    Blakely, T.4    Graff-Iversen, S.5    NaessØ6
  • 156
    • 67650744186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: An empirical analysis
    • Stuckler D, Basu S, SuhrckeM, Coutts A, McKeeM. 2009. The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: an empirical analysis. Lancet 374:315-23.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 315-23
    • Stuckler, D.1    Basu, S.2    Suhrcke, M.3    Coutts, A.4    McKee, M.5
  • 158
    • 51449111006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroeconomic fluctuations and mortality in postwar Japan
    • Tapia Granados JA. 2008. Macroeconomic fluctuations and mortality in postwar Japan. Demography 45:323-43.
    • (2008) Demography , vol.45 , pp. 323-43
    • Tapia Granados, J.A.1
  • 160
  • 161
    • 0001152575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Did MONICA really say that?
    • Tunstall-Pedoe H. 1998. Did MONICA really say that? Br. Med. J. 317:1023.
    • (1998) Br. Med. J. , vol.317 , pp. 1023
    • Tunstall-Pedoe, H.1
  • 162
    • 0034716472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA Project populations
    • Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M,M̈ah ̈onen M, Cepaitis Z, et al. 2000. Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet 355:688-700. (Pubitemid 30107624)
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , Issue.9205 , pp. 688-700
    • Tunstall-Pedoe, H.1    Vanuzzo, D.2    Hobbs, M.3    Mahonen, M.4    Cepaitis, Z.5    Kuulasmaa, K.6    Keil, U.7
  • 163
    • 33748543932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease policy models: A systematic review
    • Unal B, Capewell S, Critchley JA. 2006. Coronary heart disease policy models: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 6:213.
    • (2006) BMC Public Health , vol.6 , pp. 213
    • Unal, B.1    Capewell, S.2    Critchley, J.A.3
  • 164
    • 1542409920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000118498.35499.B2
    • Unal B, Critchley JA, Capewell S. 2004. Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000. Circulation 109:1101-7. (Pubitemid 38332613)
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , Issue.9 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Unal, B.1    Critchley, J.A.2    Capewell, S.3
  • 165
    • 0022358313 scopus 로고
    • Time series analysis of the relationship between unemployment and mortality: A survey of econometric critiques and replications of Brenner's studies
    • DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(85)90420-4
    • Wagstaff A. 1985. Time series analysis of the relationship between unemployment and mortality: a survey of econometric critiques and replications of Brenner's studies. Soc. Sci. Med. 21:985-96. (Pubitemid 16207804)
    • (1985) Social Science and Medicine , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 985-996
    • Wagstaff, A.1
  • 166
    • 33746820253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in absolute socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Sweden and New Zealand A 20-year gender perspective
    • Wamala S, Blakely T, Atkinson J. 2006. Trends in absolute socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Sweden and New Zealand. A 20-year gender perspective. BMC Public Health 6:164.
    • (2006) BMC Public Health , vol.6 , pp. 164
    • Wamala, S.1    Blakely, T.2    Atkinson, J.3
  • 167
    • 59049102634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of life course socioeconomic position on older women's health behaviors: Findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study
    • Watt HC, Carson C, Lawlor DA, Patel R, Ebrahim S. 2009. Influence of life course socioeconomic position on older women's health behaviors: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study. Am. J. Public Health 99:320-27.
    • (2009) Am. J. Public Health , vol.99 , pp. 320-27
    • Watt, H.C.1    Carson, C.2    Lawlor, D.A.3    Patel, R.4    Ebrahim, S.5
  • 168
    • 0024164430 scopus 로고
    • Infant mortality by father's occupation from the 1911 census of England and Wales
    • Watterson PA. 1988. Infant mortality by father's occupation from the 1911 census of England and Wales. Demography 25:289-306.
    • (1988) Demography , vol.25 , pp. 289-306
    • Watterson, P.A.1
  • 170
    • 0020471434 scopus 로고
    • Declining mortality from hypertension and stroke
    • Whelton PK. 1982. Declining mortality from hypertension and stroke. South Med. J. 75:33-38. (Pubitemid 12117856)
    • (1982) Southern Medical Journal , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-38
    • Whelton, P.K.1
  • 172
    • 77952301121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of temporal trends in risk factors and treatment uptake with coronary heart disease mortalit 1994-2005
    • Wijeysundera HC,MachadoM, Farahati F,Wang X,WittemanW, et al. 2010. Association of temporal trends in risk factors and treatment uptake with coronary heart disease mortality, 1994-2005. JAMA 303:1841-47.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 1841-47
    • Wijeysundera, H.C.1    MacHado, M.2    Farahati, F.3    Wang, X.4    Witteman, W.5
  • 175
    • 0029116777 scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease mortality inAustralia: Is mortality starting to increase among young men?
    • Wilson A, SiskindV. 1995. Coronary heart disease mortality inAustralia: Is mortality starting to increase among young men? Int. J. Epidemiol. 24:678-84.
    • (1995) Int. J. Epidemiol. , vol.24 , pp. 678-84
    • Wilson, A.1    Siskind, V.2
  • 176
    • 4444382796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case-control study
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9, PII S0140673604170189
    • Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, et al. 2004. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 364:937-52. (Pubitemid 39208455)
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , Issue.9438 , pp. 937-952
    • Yusuf, P.S.1    Hawken, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3    Dans, T.4    Avezum, A.5    Lanas, F.6    McQueen, M.7    Budaj, A.8    Pais, P.9    Varigos, J.10    Lisheng, L.11
  • 177
    • 16644399566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the association between obesity and socioeconomic status in U.S. adults: 1971 to 2000
    • Zhang Q, Wang YF. 2004. Trends in the association between obesity and socioeconomic status in US adults: 1971 to 2000. Obes. Res. 12:1622-32 (Pubitemid 41132471)
    • (2004) Obesity Research , vol.12 , Issue.10 , pp. 1622-1632
    • Zhang, Q.1    Wang, Y.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.