Changing trends in indigenous inequalities in mortality: Lessons from New Zealand

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 38, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1711-1722

  Tobias, Martin ^a   Blakely, Tony ^b   Matheson, Don ^b   Rasanathan, Kumanan ^c   Atkinson, June ^b  

^a MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^c WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Indigenous health; Inequality; New Zealand

Indexed keywords

CENSUS; DEMOGRAPHIC TREND; ETHNICITY; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH POLICY; INDIGENOUS POPULATION; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIFE TABLE; MORTALITY; SOCIAL POLICY; SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS; TREND ANALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HUMAN; INDIGENT; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MORTALITY; NEW ZEALAND; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; SOCIOECONOMICS; ABORIGINE; CAUCASIAN; ETHNIC AND RACIAL GROUPS; ETHNOLOGY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH DISPARITY; HEALTH SERVICE; INFANT; LIFE TABLE; MIDDLE AGED; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL CLASS; STATISTICS;

NEW ZEALAND;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CAUSE OF DEATH; CENSUSES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTH SERVICES, INDIGENOUS; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HUMANS; INFANT; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIFE TABLES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; NEW ZEALAND; OCEANIC ANCESTRY GROUP; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION GROUPS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL CLASS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 75349114188     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp156     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. King M. The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland: Penguin, 2003.
2. Walker R. Ka whawhai tonu matou - Struggle Without End. Auckland: Penguin, 1990.
3. Belich J. Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the Year 2000. Auckland: Penguin, 2001.
4. Cheyne C, O'Brien M, Belgrave M. Social Policy in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Critical Introduction. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1997.
5. Boston J, Dalziel P, John S. Redesigning the Welfare State in New Zealand: Problems, Policies and Prospects. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1999.
6. Ministry of Social Policy. The Social Report: Indicators of social well-being in New Zealand. Wellington: Ministry of Social Policy, 2007.
7. Perry B. Household incomes in New Zealand: Trends in indicators of inequality and hardship 1982 to 2004. Wellington: Ministry of Social Development, 2007.
8. Ministry of Health. Reducing Inequalities in Health. Wellington: Ministry of Health, 2002.
9. Crampton P, Salmond C, Kirkpatrick R, Scarborough R, Skelly C. Degrees of Deprivation in New Zealand. Wellington: Bateman, 2002.
10. Ministry of Health. Ethnicity Data Protocols. Wellington: Ministry of Health, 2003.
11. Harris R, Tobias M, Jeffreys M et al. Effects of self-reported racial discrimination and deprivation on Māori health and inequalities in New Zealand. Lancet 2006;367:2005-9.
12. Harris R, Tobias M, Jeffreys M et al. Racism and health: The relationship between experience of racial discrimination and health in New Zealand. Soc Sci Med 2006;63: 1428-41.
13. Blakely T, Tobias M, Atkinson J, Yeh L-C, Huang K. Tracking Disparity: Trends in Ethnic and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality, 1981-2004. Wellington: Ministry of Health, 2007.
14. Statistics New Zealand. Unemployment statistics. www.stats.govt.nz/people/work-income/unemployment.html.
15. Blakely T, Tobias M, Robson B, Ajwani S, Bonne M, Woodward A. Widening ethnic mortality disparities in New Zealand 1981-99. Soc Sci Med 2005;61: 2233-51.
16. Blakely T, Fawcett J, Hunt D, Wilson N. What is the contribution of smoking and socio-economic position to ethnic inequalities in mortality in New Zealand? The Lancet 2006;368:44-52.
17. Blakely T, Tobias M, Atkinson J. Inequalities in mortality during and after restructuring of the New Zealand economy: repeated cohort studies. Br Med J 2008;336: 371-75.
18. Blakely T, Salmond C, Woodward A. Anonymous linkage of New Zealand mortality and Census data. Aust NZ J Public Health 2000;24:92-95.
19. Blakely T, Salmond C. Probabilistic record linkage and a method to calculate the positive predictive value. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1246-52.
20. Ajwani S, Blakely T, Robson B, Atkinson J, Kiro C. Unlocking the numerator-denominator bias III: adjustment ratios by ethnicity for 1981-1999 mortality data. The New Zealand Census-Mortality Study. NZ Med J 2004;116:6.
21. Blakely T, Atkinson J, Fawcett J. Ethnic counts on mortality and census data (mostly) agree for 2001-04: New Zealand Census-Mortality Study update. NZ Med J 2008; 121:58-62.
22. Shryock H, Siegel J. The Methods and Materials of Demography. New York: Academic Press, 1976.
23. Leinsalu M, Vagero D, Kunst AE. Increasing ethnic differences in mortality in Estonia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:1081-87.
24. Harper S, Lynch J, Burris S, Davey SG. Trends in the Black-White life expectancy gap in the United States, 1983-2003. JAMA 2007;297:1224-32.
25. Leinsalu M, Vagero D, Kunst AE. Estonia 1989-2000: enormous increase in mortality differences by education. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:1081-87.
26. Plavinksi SL, Plavinskaya SI, Klimov AN. Social factors and increase in mortality in Russia in the 1990s: prospective cohort study. Br Med J 2003;326:1240-42.
27. CSDH. Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. Final report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008.
28. Cole S, Herman M. Fallibility in estimating direct effects. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:163-65.
29. Blakely T. Estimating direct and indirect effects: fallible in theory, but in the real world? Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:166-67.
30. Tobias M, Sexton K, Mann S, Sharpe N. How low can it go? Projecting ischaemic heart disease mortality in New Zealand to 2015. NZ Med J 2006;119:1-13.