But Affirmative Action hurts Us! Race-related beliefs shape perceptions of White disadvantage and policy unfairness

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

Volumn 115, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-12

  Shteynberg, Garriy ^a   Leslie, Lisa M ^b   Knight, Andrew P ^c   Mayer, David M ^d  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

Affirmative Action; Collective relative deprivation; Justice; Modern racism; Perceptions of White disadvantage; Social identity

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952734692     PISSN: 07495978     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.11.011     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Aguinis H., Beaty J.C., Boik R.J., Pierce C.A. Effect size and power in assessing moderating effects of categorical variables using multiple regression: A 30-year review. Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, 90:94-107.
2. Aiken L.S., West S.G. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions 1991, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
3. Allport G.W. The nature of prejudice 1954, Addison-Wesley, Cambridge, MA.
4. Avery D. Reactions to diversity in recruitment advertising - Are differences Black and White?. Journal of Applied Psychology 2003, 88:672-679.
5. Beaton A.M., Tougas F. The representation of women in management: The more the merrier?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1997, 23:773-782.
6. Blalock H.M. Economic discrimination and Negro increase. American Sociological Review 1956, 21:584-588.
7. Bobo L., Kluegel J.R. Opposition to race-targeting: Self-interest, stratification ideology, or racial attitudes?. American Sociological Review 1993, 58:443-464.
8. Bobocel R., Hing L., Davey L., Stanley D., Zanna M. Justice-based opposition to social policies: Is it genuine?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 75:653-669.
9. Brewer M.B. The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate?. Journal of Social Issues 1999, 55:429-444.
10. Brief A.P., Umphress E.E., Dietz J., Burrowns J.W., Butz R.M., Scholten L. Community matters: Realistic group conflict theory and the impact of diversity. Academy of Management Journal 2005, 48:830-844.
11. Crosby F.J. A model of egoistical relative deprivation. Psychological Review 1976, 83:85-113.
12. Crosby F.J. Affirmative action is dead: Long live affirmative action 2004, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
13. Crosby F.J., Iyer A., Sincharoen S. Understanding affirmative action. Annual Review of Psychology 2006, 57:585-611.
14. De Cremer D., Brockner J., Fishman A., van Dijke M., van Olffen W., Mayer D.M. When do procedural fairness and outcome fairness interact to influence employees' work attitudes and behaviors? The moderating effect of uncertainty. Journal of Applied Psychology 2010, 95:291-330.
15. Edwards J.R., Lambert L.S. Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: A general analytic framework using moderated path analysis. Psychological Methods 2007, 12:1-22.
16. Ely R.J., Thomas D.A. Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly 2001, 46:229-273.
17. Evans D.C. A comparison of the other-directed stigmatization produced by legal and illegal forms of affirmative action. Journal of Applied Psychology 2003, 88:121-130.
18. Gilbert J.A., Ivancevich J.M. Effects of diversity management on attachment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2001, 32:1331-1349.
19. Advances in organizational justice 2001, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. J. Greenberg, R. Cropanzano (Eds.).
20. Grant A.M., Mayer D.M. Good soldiers and good actors: Prosocial and impression management motives as interactive predictors of citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology 2009, 94:900-912.
21. Grutter vs. Bollinger 539 US 306, 348 (2003).
22. Harrison D.A., Kravitz D.A., Mayer D.M., Leslie L.M., Lev-Arey D. Understanding attitudes toward affirmative action programs in employment: Summary and meta-analysis of 35years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology 2006, 91:1013-1036.
23. James E., Brief A., Dietz J., Cohen R. Prejudice matters: Understanding the reactions of Whites to affirmative action programs targeted to benefit blacks. Journal of Applied Psychology 2001, 86:1120-1128.
24. Kalev A., Dobbin F., Kelly E. Best practices or best guesses? Assessing the efficacy of corporate affirmative action and diveristy policies. American Sociological Review 2006, 71:589-617.
25. Kenny D.A., Kashy D.A., Bolger N. Data analysis in social psychology. The handbook of social psychology 1998, Vol. 1:233-265. McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA. 4th ed.
26. Kinder D.R. The continuing American dilemma: White resistance to racial change 40years after Myrdal. Journal of Social Issues 1986, 42:151-171.
27. Kovach K.A., Kravitz D.A., Hughes A.A. Affirmative action: How can we be so lost when we don't even know where we are going?. Labor Law Journal 2004, 55:53-61.
28. Kravitz D. Attitudes toward affirmative action plans directed at blacks: Effects of plan and individual differences. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1995, 25:2192-2220.
29. Kravitz D.A. Affirmative action attitudes: More complex than we know. Equality, diversity and inclusion at work: Theory and scholarship 2009, 245-253. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. M.F. Özbilgin (Ed.).
30. Kravitz D.A., Bludau T., Klineberg S.L. The impact of anticipated consequences, respondent group, and strength of affirmative action plan on affirmative action attitudes'. Group and Organization Management 2008, 33:361-391.
31. Kravitz D.A., Harrison D.A., Turner M.E., Levine E.L., Chaves W., Brannick M.T., et al. Affirmative action: A review of psychological and behavioral research [Monograph] 1997, Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc, Bowling Green, OH.
32. Leck J.D., Saunders D.M., Charbonneau M. Affirmative action programs: An organizational justice perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1996, 17:79-89.
33. Leslie L.M., Gelfand M.J. The who and when of internal gender discrimination claims: An interactional model. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes 2008, 107:123-140.
34. Lind E.A., Kray L., Thompson L. The social construction of injustice. Fairness judgments in response to own and others' unfair treatment by authorities. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1998, 75:1-22.
35. Lowery B.S., Unzueta M.M., Knowles E.D., Goff P.A. Concern for the in-group and opposition to affirmative action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 90:961-974.
36. Lynch F.R. Invisible victims: White males and the crisis of affirmative action 1992, Praeger, New York.
37. MacKinnon D.P., Lockwood C.M., Hoffman J.M., West S.G., Sheets V. A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods 2002, 7:83-104.
38. MacKinnon D.P., Lockwood C.M., Williams J. Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research 2004, 39:99-128.
39. McConahay J.B. Self-interest versus racial attitudes as correlates of anti-busing attitudes in Louisville: Is it the buses or the Blacks?. The Journal of Politics 1982, 44:692-720.
40. McConahay J.B. Modern racism, ambivalence, and the modern racism scale. Prejudice, discrimination and racism 1986, 91-126. Academic, New York. J.F. Dovidio, S.L. Gaertner (Eds.).
41. McKay P.F., Avery D.R., Tonidandel S., Morris M.A., Hernandez M., Hebl M.R. Racial differences in employee retention: Are diversity climate perceptions the key?. Personnel Psychology 2007, 60:35-62.
42. Morgeson F.P., Humphrey S.E. The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology 2006, 91:1321-1339.
43. Myrdal G. An American dilemma: The Negro problem and modern democracy 1944, Harper & Brothers, New York.
44. Nacoste R.W. But do they care about fairness? The dynamics of preferential treatment and minority interest. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 1987, 8:177-191.
45. Olson M.A. Measures of prejudice. Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination 2009, Taylor & Francis Group, New York. T.D. Nelson (Ed.).
46. Paluck E.L., Green D.P. Prejudice reduction: What works? A review and assessment of research and practice. Annual Review of Psychology 2009, 60:339-367.
47. Parker C.P., Baltes B.B., Christiansen N. Support for affirmative action, justice perceptions, and work attitudes: An analysis of gender and racial/ethnic group differences. Journal of Applied Psychology 1997, 82:376-389.
48. Pettigrew T.F. The ultimate attribution error: Extending Allport's cognitive analysis of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1979, 5(4):461-476.
49. Runciman W.G. Relative deprivation and social justice 1966, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
50. Shrout P.E., Bolger N. Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods 2002, 7:422-445.
51. Siemsen E., Roth A., Oliveira P. Common method bias in regression models with linear, quadratic, and interaction effects. Organizational Research Methods 2010, 13:456-476.
52. Sniderman P.M., Piazza T. The scar of race 1993, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
53. Sniderman P.M., Tetlock P.E. Reflections on American racism. Journal of Social Issues 1986, 42:173-187.
54. Sobel M.E. Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological methodology 1982, 290-312. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. S. Leinhart (Ed.).
55. Stine R. An introduction to bootstrap methods. Sociological Methods and Research 1989, 18:243-291.
56. Tajfel H. Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology 1981, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
57. Tajfel H., Turner J.C. The social identity theory of inter-group behavior. Psychology of Intergroup Relations 1986, Nelson-Hall, Chicago, IL. S. Worchel, L.W. Austin (Eds.).
58. Tougas F., Brown R., Beaton A.M., St-Pierre L. Neosexism among women: The role of personally experienced social mobility attempts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1999, 25:1487-1497.
59. Tougas F., Veilleux F. The influence of identification, collective relative deprivation, and procedure of implementation on women's response to affirmative action: A causal modeling approach. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 1988, 20:15-28.
60. Truxillo D.M., Bauer T.N. Applicant reactions to test score banding in entry-level and promotional contexts. Journal of Applied Psychology 1999, 84:322-339.
61. US Census Bureau, American Factfinder (2007). S2408. Class of worker by sex and median earnings in the past 12months: 2007 (American Community Survey). http://factfinder.census.gov.
62. US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (2009). Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1869-70 through 2018-19. Digest of Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d09/tables/dt09_268.asp.
63. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2010). Civilian labor force, 2008-2018.
64. Veilleux F., Tougas F. Male acceptance of affirmative action programs for women: The results of altruistic or egoistical motives?. International Journal of Psychology 1989, 24:485-497.
65. Walker H.J., Field H.S., Giles W.F., Jeremy B., Bernerth L., Jones-Farmer L. An assessment of attraction toward affirmative action organizations: Investigating the role of individual differences. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2007, 4:485-507.
66. Williams D.R., Jackson J.S., Brown T.N., Torres M., Forman T.A., Brown K. Traditional and contemporary prejudice and urban Whites' support for affirmative action and government help. Social Problems 1999, 46:503-527.
67. Wilson D.C., Moore D.W., McKay P.F., Avery D.R. Affirmative action programs for women and minorities: Expressed support affected by question order. Public Opinion Quarterly 2008, 72:514-522.