Verbal Ability and Executive Functioning Development in Preschoolers at Head Start

Developmental Psychology

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 404-416

  Fuhs, Mary Wagner ^a   Day, Jeanne D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive development; Executive functioning; Head Start; Verbal ability

Indexed keywords

APTITUDE; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEASON; UNIVERSITY; VERBAL BEHAVIOR;

APTITUDE; ATTENTION; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FACULTY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEASONS; VERBAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 79952577023     PISSN: 00121649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0021065     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Anderson P. Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology 2003, 8:71-82. doi: 10.1076/chin.8.2.71.8724.
2. Bell M.A., Wolfe C.D. Emotion and cognition: An intricately bound developmental process. Child Development 2004, 75:366-370. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00679.x.
3. Blair C. Behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation in young children: Relations with self-regulation and adaptation to preschool in children attending Head Start. Developmental Psychobiology 2003, 42:301-311. doi: 10.1002/dev.10103.
4. Blair C. How similar are fluid cognition and general intelligence? A developmental neuroscience perspective on fluid cognition as an aspect of cognitive ability. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2006, 29:109-125. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X06009034.
5. Blair C., Peters R. Physiological and neurocognitive correlates of adaptive behavior in preschool among children in Head Start. Developmental Neuropsychology 2003, 24:479-497. doi: 10.1207/S15326942DN2401_04.
6. Blair C., Razza R.P. Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten. Child Development 2007, 78:647-663. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01019.x.
7. Blair C., Zelazo P.D., Greenberg M.T. The measurement of executive function in early childhood. Developmental Neuropsychology 2005, 28:561-571. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn2802_1.
8. Brocki K.C., Bohlin G. Executive functions in children aged 6 to 13: A dimensional and developmental study. Developmental Neuropsychology 2004, 26:571-593. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn2602_3.
9. Brown E.T., Molfese V.J., Wagner M.C. Role of teacher practices and characteristics in implementing research in preschool and early childhood classrooms. Implementing evidence-based academic interventions in school settings 2009, 417-442. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. S. Rosenfield, V. Berninger (Eds.).
10. Bull R., Espy K.A., Wiebe S.A. Short-term memory, working memory, and executive functioning in preschoolers: Longitudinal predictors of mathematical achievement at age 7 years. Developmental Neuropsychology 2008, 33:205-228. doi: 10.1080/87565640801982312.
11. Bull R., Scerif G. Executive functioning as a predictor of children's mathematics ability: Inhibition, switching, and working memory. Developmental Neuropsychology 2001, 19:273-293. doi: 10.1207/S15326942DN1903_3.
12. Byrne B.M., Shavelson R.J., Muthén B. Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin 1989, 105:456-466. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.456.
13. Carlson S.M. Developmentally sensitive measures of executive function in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology 2005, 28:595-616. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn2802_3.
14. Carlson S.M., Moses L.J. Individual differences in inhibitory control and children's theory of mind. Child Development 2001, 72:1032-1053. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00333.
15. Carlson S.M., Moses L.J., Claxton L.J. Individual differences in executive functioning and theory of mind: An investigation of inhibitory control and planning ability. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2004, 87:299-319. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2004.01.002.
16. Carlson S.M., Wang T.S. Inhibitory control and emotion regulation in preschool children. Cognitive Development 2007, 22:489-510. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.08.002.
17. Diamond A., Barnett W.S., Thomas J., Munro S. Preschool program improves cognitive control. Science 2007, November 30, 318:1387-1388. doi: 10.1126/science.1151148.
18. Diamond A., Kirkham N., Amso D. Conditions under which young children can hold two rules in mind and inhibit a prepotent response. Developmental Psychology 2002, 38:352-362. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.38.3.352.
19. Dowsett S.M., Livesey D.J. The development of inhibitory control in preschool children: Effects of " executive skills" training. Developmental Psychobiology 2000, 36:161-174. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(200003)36:2<161::AID-DEV7>3.0.CO;2-0.
20. Espy K.A., Bull R. Inhibitory processes in young children and individual variation in short-term memory. Developmental Neuropsychology 2005, 28:669-688. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn2802_6.
21. Espy K.A., Kaufman P.M., McDiarmid M.D., Glisky M.L. Executive functioning in preschool children: Performance on A-not-B and other delayed response format tasks. Brain and Cognition 1999, 41:178-199. doi: 10.1006/brcg.1999.1117.
22. Espy K.A., McDiarmid M.M., Cwik M.F., Stalets M.M., Hamby A., Senn T.E. The contributions of executive functions to emergent mathematics skills in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology 2004, 26:465-486. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn2601_6.
23. Frye D., Zelazo P.D., Palfai T. Theory of mind and rule-based reasoning. Cognitive Development 1995, 10:483-527. doi: 10.1016/0885-2014(95)90024-1.
24. Garon N., Bryson S.E., Smith I.M. Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin 2008, 134:31-60. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.31.
25. Gerstadt C.L., Hong Y.J., Diamond A. The relationship between cognition and action: Performance of children 3.5-7 years old on a Stroop-like day-night test. Cognition 1994, 53:129-153. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90068-X.
26. Gioia G.A., Espy K.A., Isquith P.K. Behavior Rating Inventory Of Executive Function-Preschool version (BRIEF-P) 2001, Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz, FL.
27. Griffith E.M., Pennington B.F., Wehmer E.A., Rogers S.J. Executive functions in young children with autism. Child Development 1999, 70:817-832. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00059.
28. Hongwanishkul D., Happeney K.R., Lee W.S.C., Zelazo P.D. Assessment of hot and cool executive function in young children: Age-related changes and individual differences. Developmental Neuropsychology 2005, 28:617-644. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn2802_4.
29. Howse R.B., Calkins S.D., Anastopoulos A.D., Keane S.P., Shelton T.L. Regulatory contributors to children's kindergarten achievement. Early Education & Development 2003, 14:101-120. doi: 10.1207/s15566935eed1401_7.
30. Hu L., Bentler P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 1999, 6:1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118.
31. Hughes C. Executive function in preschoolers: Links with theory of mind and verbal ability. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 1998, 16:233-253.
32. Isquith P.K., Crawford J.S., Espy K.A., Gioia G.A. Assessment of executive function in preschool-aged children. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 2005, 11:209-215. doi: 10.1002/mrdd.20075.
33. Jacques S., Zelazo P.D. The Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST): A measure of executive function in preschoolers. Developmental Neuropsychology 2001, 20:573-591.
34. Kaler S.R., Kopp C.B. Compliance and comprehension in very young toddlers. Child Development 1990, 61:1997-2003. doi: 10.2307/1130853.
35. Kerr A., Zelazo P.D. Development of " hot" executive function: The children's gambling task. Brain and Cognition 2004, 55:148-157. doi: 10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00275-6.
36. Kirkham N.Z., Cruess L., Diamond A. Helping children apply their knowledge to their behavior on a dimension-switching task. Developmental Science 2003, 6:449-467. doi: 10.1111/1467-7687.00300.
37. Lehto J.E., Juujarvi P., Kooistra L., Pulkkinen L. Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 2003, 21:59-80. doi: 10.1348/026151003321164627.
38. Levene H. Robust tests for the equality of variances. Contributions to probability and statistics: Essays in honor of Harold Hotelling 1960, 278-292. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA. I. Olkin, S.G. Ghurye, W. Hoeffding, W.G. Madow, H.B. Mann (Eds.).
39. Liebermann D., Giesbrecht G.F., Müller U. Cognitive and emotional aspects of self-regulation in preschoolers. Cognitive Development 2007, 22:511-529. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.08.005.
40. Mahone E.M., Hoffman J. Behavior rating of executive functioning among preschoolers with ADHD. Clinical Neuropsychologist 2007, 21:569-586. doi: 10.1080/13854040600762724.
41. McCabe L.A., Rebello-Britto P., Hernandez M., Brooks-Gunn J. Games children play: Observing young children's self-regulation across laboratory, home, and school settings. Handbook of infant, toddler, and preschool mental health assessment 2004, 491-521. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. R. DelCarmen-Wiggins, A. Carter (Eds.).
42. McClelland M.M., Connor C.M., Jewkes A.M., Cameron C.E., Farris C.L., Morrison F.J. Links between behavioral regulation and preschoolers' literacy, vocabulary, and math skills. Developmental Psychology 2007, 43:947-959. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.947.
43. McLean J.F., Hitch G.J. Working memory impairments in children with specific arithmetic learning difficulties. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 1999, 74:240-260. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1999.2516.
44. Metcalfe J., Mischel W. A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review 1999, 106:3-19. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.3.
45. Miyake A., Friedman N.P., Emerson M.J., Witzki A.H., Howerter A. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex " frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology 2000, 41:49-100. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734.
46. Montgomery D.E., Anderson M., Uhl E. Interference control in preschoolers: Factors influencing performance on the day-night task. Infant and Child Development 2008, 17:457-470. doi: 10.1002/icd.559.
47. Morton J.B., Munakata Y. Active versus latent representations: A neural network model of perseveration, dissociation, and decalage. Developmental Psychobiology 2002, 40:255-265. doi: 10.1002/dev.10033.
48. Müller U., Zelazo P.D., Imrisek S. Executive function and children's understanding of false belief: How specific is the relation?. Cognitive Development 2005, 20:173-189. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.12.004.
49. Müller U., Zelazo P.D., Lurye L.E., Liebermann D.P. The effect of labeling on preschool children's performance in the dimensional change card sort task. Cognitive Development 2008, 23:395-408. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.06.001.
50. Murray K.T., Kochanska G. Effortful control: Factor structure and relation to externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2002, 30:503-514. doi: 10.1023/A:1019821031523.
51. Muthén L.K., Muthén B.O. Mplus user's guide 2007, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA. 5th ed.
52. Noble K.G., Norman M.F., Farah M.J. Neurocognitive correlates of socioeconomic status in kindergarten children. Developmental Science 2005, 8:74-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00394.x.
53. Pennington B.F., Ozonoff S. Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1996, 37:51-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x.
54. Posner M.I., Rothbart M.K. Educating the human brain 2007, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, doi: 10.1037/11519-000.
55. Qi C.H., Kaiser A.P. Problem behaviors of low-income children with language delays: An observation study. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 2004, 47:595-609. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/046).
56. Raghubar K.P., Barnes M.A., Hecht S.A. Working memory and mathematics: A review of developmental, individual difference, and cognitive approaches. Learning and Individual Differences 2010, 20:110-122. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2009.10.005.
57. Senn T.E., Espy K.A., Kaufman P.M. Using path analysis to understand executive function organization in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology 2004, 26:445-464. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn2601_5.
58. Simpson A., Riggs K.J. Inhibitory and working memory demands of the day-night task in children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 2005, 23:471-486. doi: 10.1348/026151005X28712.
59. Simpson A., Riggs K.J. Factors responsible for performance on the day-night task: Response set or semantics?. Developmental Science 2005, 8:360-371. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00424.x.
60. Sonuga-Barke E.J.S. The dual pathway model of AD/HD: An elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2003, 27:593-604. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.005.
61. St Clair-Thompson H.L., Gathercole S.E. Executive functions and achievements in school: Shifting, updating, inhibition, and working memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2006, 59:745-759. doi: 10.1080/17470210500162854.
62. Thorell L.B., Lindqvist S., Nutley S.B., Bohlin G., Klingberg T. Training and transfer effects of executive functions in preschool children. Developmental Science 2009, 12:106-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00745.x.
63. van der Sluis S., de Jong P.F., van der Leij A. Executive functioning in children, and its relations with reasoning, reading, and arithmetic. Intelligence 2007, 35:427-449. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.001.
64. Vygotsky L.S. Thought and language 1962, Wiley, Oxford, England, doi: 10.1037/11193-000.
65. Wåhlstedt C., Thorell L.B., Bohlin G. Heterogenetiy in ADHD: Neuropsychological pathways, comorbidity, and symptom domains. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2009, 37:551-564. doi: 10.1007/s10802-008-9286-9.
66. Wechsler D. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 2002, Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX. 3rd ed.
67. Welsh J.A., Nix R.L., Blair C., Bierman K.L., Nelson K.E. The development of cognitive skills and gains in academic school readiness for children from low-income families. Journal of Educational Psychology 2010, 102:43-53. doi: 10.1037/a0016738.
68. Welsh M.C., Pennington B.F., Grossier D.B. A normative-developmental study of executive function: A window on prefrontal function in children. Developmental Neuropsychology 1991, 7:131-149. doi: 10.1080/87565649109540483.
69. Wiebe S.A., Espy K.A., Charak D. Using confirmatory factor analysis to understand executive control in preschool children: I. Latent structure. Developmental Psychology 2008, 44:575-587. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.575.
70. Winsler A., Diaz R.M., Atencio D.J., McCarthy E.M., Adams Chabay L. Verbal self-regulation over time in preschool children at risk for attention and behavior problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2000, 41:875-886. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00675.
71. Winsler A., Manfra L., Diaz R.M. " Should I let them talk?": Private speech and task performance among preschool children with and without behavior problems. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 2007, 22:215-231. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2007.01.001.
72. Wolfe C.D., Bell M.A. Working memory and inhibitory control in early childhood: Contributions from physiology, temperament, and language. Developmental Psychobiology 2004, 44:68-83. doi: 10.1002/dev.10152.
73. Zakin A. Metacognition and the use of inner speech in children's thinking: A tool teachers can use. Journal of Education and Human Development 2007, 1:1-14.
74. Zelazo P.D., Müller U. Executive function in typical and atypical development. Blackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development 2002, 445-469. Blackwell, Malden, MA, doi: 10.1002/9780470996652.ch20. U. Goswami (Ed.).
75. Zelazo P.D., Müller U., Frye D., Marcovitch S. The development of executive function: Cognitive complexity and control-revised. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 2003, 68:93-119. doi: 10.1111/j.0037-976X.2003.00266.x.