Dietary L-carnitine alters gene expression in skeletal muscle of piglets

Molecular Nutrition and Food Research

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 419-429

  Keller, Janine ^a   Ringseis, Robert ^a   Priebe, Steffen ^b   Guthke, Reinhard ^b   Kluge, Holger ^c   Eder, Klaus ^a  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b HANS KNÖLL INSTITUTE   (Germany)

^c MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Carnitine; Gene array; Gene expression; Muscle; Pig

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE; SOMATOMEDIN C; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; DIET; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG EFFECT; ENERGY METABOLISM; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MALE; METABOLISM; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SWINE; UPREGULATION; WEIGHT GAIN;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMAL FEED; ANIMAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; ANIMALS; CARNITINE; DIET; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; DOWN-REGULATION; ENERGY METABOLISM; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I; MALE; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; SWINE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3; UP-REGULATION; WEIGHT GAIN;

SUIDAE;

EID: 79952130859     PISSN: 16134125     EISSN: 16134133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000293     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Kerner, J., Hoppel, C. L., Fatty acid import into mitochondria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2000, 1486, 1-17.
2. McGarry, J. D., Brown, N. F., The mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase system. From concept to molecular analysis. Eur. J. Biochem. 1997, 244, 1-14.
3. Steiber, A., Kerner, J., Hoppel, C. L., Carnitine: a nutritional, biosynthetic, and functional perspective. Mol. Asp. Med. 2004, 25, 455-473.
4. Hoppel, C. L., Davis, A. T., Inter-tissue relationships in the synthesis and distribution of carnitine. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1986, 14, 673-674.
5. Rebouche, C. J., Seim, H., Carnitine metabolism and its regulation in microorganisms and mammals. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 1998, 18, 39-61.
6. Tein, I., Carnitine transport: pathophysiology and metabolism of known molecular defects. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 2003, 26, 147-169.
7. Tamai, I., Ohashi, R., Nezu, J., Yabuuchi, H. et al., Molecular and functional identification of sodium ion-dependent, high affinity human carnitine transporter OCTN2. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273, 20378-20382.
8. Rani, P. J., Panneerselvam, C., Protective efficacy of L-carnitine on acetylcholinesterase activity in aged rat brain. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2001, 56, B140-B141.
9. Calabrese, V., Ravagna, A., Colombrita, C., Scapagnini, G. et al., Acetylcarnitine induces heme oxygenase in rat astrocytes and protects against oxidative stress: involvement of the transcription factor Nrf2. J. Neurosci. Res. 2005, 79, 509-521.
10. Foster, C. V., Harris, R. C., Pouret, E. J., Effect of oral L-carnitine on its concentration in the plasma of yearling Thoroughbred horses. Vet. Rec. 1989, 25, 125-128.
11. Rivero, J. L., Sporleder, H. P., Quiroz-Rothe, E., Vervuert, I. et al., Oral L-carnitine combined with training promotes changes in skeletal muscle. Equine Vet. J. Suppl. 2002, 34, 269-274.
12. LaCount, D. W., Drackley, J. K., Weigel, D. J., Responses of dairy cows during early lactation to ruminal or abomasal administration of L-carnitine. J. Dairy Sci. 1995, 78, 1824-1836.
13. Greenwood, R. H., Titgemeyer, E. C., Stokka, G. L., Drouillard, J. S., Löest, C. A., Effects of L-carnitine on nitrogen retention and blood metabolites of growing steers and performance of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 2001, 79, 254-260.
14. Geng, A., Li, B., Guo, Y., Effects of dietary L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 at different supplemental ages on growth performance and some immune response in ascites-susceptible broilers. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 2007, 61, 50-60.
15. Zhai, W., Neuman, S. L., Latour, M. A., Hester, P. Y., The effect of male and female supplementation of L-carnitine on reproductive traits of white leghorns. Poult. Sci. 2008, 87, 1171-1181.
16. Musser, R. E., Goodband, R. D., Tokach, M. D., Owen, K. Q. et al., Effects of L-carnitine fed during lactation on sow and litter performance. J. Anim. Sci. 1999, 77, 3289-3295.
17. Ramanau, A., Kluge, H., Spilke, J., Eder, K., Reproductive performance of sows supplemented with dietary L-carnitine over three reproductive cycles. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 2002, 56, 287-296.
18. Ramanau, A., Kluge, H., Spilke, J., Eder, K., Supplementation of sows with L-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation improves growth of the piglets during the suckling period through increased milk production. J. Nutr. 2004, 134, 86-92.
19. Owen, K. Q., Nelssen, J. L., Goodband, R. D., Tokach, M. D., Friesen, K. G., Effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and body composition in nursery and growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 2001, 79, 1509-1515.
20. Heo, K., Odle, J., Han, I. K., Cho, W. et al., Dietary L-carnitine improves nitrogen utilization in growing pigs fed low energy, fat-containing diets. J. Nutr. 2000, 130, 1809-1814.
21. Birkenfeld, C., Ramanau, A., Kluge, H., Spilke, J., Eder, K., Effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance of piglets from control sows or sows treated with L-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2005, 89, 277-283.
22. Wolfe, R. G., Maxwell, C. V., Nelson, E. C., Effect of age and dietary fat level on fatty acid oxidation in the neonatal pig. J. Nutr. 1978, 108, 1621-1634.
23. Rincker, M. J., Carter, S. D., Fent, R. W., Senne, B. W., Owen, K. Q., Effects of L-carnitine on carcass composition and tissue accretion in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 2001, 79, 150 (Abstr.).
24. Owen, K. Q., Nelssen, J. L., Goodband, R. D., Weeden, T. L., Blum, S. A., Effect of L-carnitine and soybean oil on growth performance and body composition of early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 1996, 74, 1612-1619.
25. National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 10th Rev. Ed., National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 1998.
26. Bassler, R., Buchholz, H., Methodenbuch III, B., Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln, 3. Ergänzungslieferung. VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt, Germany 1993.
27. Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. Empfehlungen zur Energie- Nährstoffversorgung von Schweinen. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, Germany 2006.
28. Ringseis, R., Pösel, S., Hirche, F., Eder, K., Treatment with pharmacological peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist clofibrate causes upregulation of organic cation transporter 2 in liver and small intestine of rats. Pharmacol. Res. 2007, 56, 1775-1783.
29. Edgar, R., Domrachev, M., Lash, A. E., Gene expression omnibus: NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002, 30, 207-210.
30. Tsai, S., Cassady, J. P., Freking, B. A., Nonneman, D. J. et al., Annotation of the affymetrix porcine genome microarray. Anim. Genet. 2006, 37, 423-424.
31. Huang da, W., Sherman, B. T., Lempicki, R. A., Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat. Protoc. 2009, 4, 44-57.
32. Ashburner, M., Ball, C. A., Blake, J. A., Botstein, D. et al., Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. Nat. Genet. 2000, 25, 25-29.
33. Ringseis, R., Wege, N., Wen, G., Rauer, C. et al., Carnitine synthesis and uptake into cells are stimulated by fasting in pigs as a model of nonproliferating species. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2009, 20, 840-847.
34. Tomomura, M., Imamura, Y., Tomomura, A., Horiuchi, M., Saheki, T., Abnormal gene expression and regulation in the liver of jvs mice with systemic carnitine deficiency. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1994, 1226, 307-314.
35. Tomomura, M., Nakagawa, K., Saheki, T., Proto-oncogene c-jun and c-fos messenger RNAs increase in the liver of carnitine-deficient juvenile visceral steatosis (jvs) mice. FEBS Lett. 1992, 31, 63-66.
36. Zhao, B., Yu, W., Qian, M., Simmons-Menchaca, M. et al., Involvement of activator protein-1 (AP-1) in induction of apoptosis by vitamin E succinate in human breast cancer cells. Mol. Carcinog. 1997, 19, 180-190.
37. Yeh, C. H., Chen, T. P., Wang, Y. C., Lin, Y. M., Lin, P. J., HO-1 activation can attenuate cardiomyocytic apoptosis via inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1 translocation following cardiac global ischemia and reperfusion. J. Surg. Res. 2009, 155, 147-156.
38. Moretti, S., Famularo, G., Marcellini, S., Boschini, A. et al., L-carnitine reduces lymphocyte apoptosis and oxidant stress in HIV-1-infected subjects treated with zidovudine and didanosine. Antioxid. Redox Signal 2002, 4, 391-403.
39. Cifone, M. G., Alesse, E., Di Marzio, L., Ruggeri, B. et al., Effect of L-carnitine treatment in vivo on apoptosis and ceramide generation in peripheral blood lymphocytes from AIDS patients. Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians. 1997, 109, 146-153.
40. Kanter, M., Topcu-Tarladacalisir, Y., Parlar, S., Antiapoptotic effect of L-carnitine on testicular irradiation in rats. J. Mol. Histol. 2010 (Epub ahead of print).
41. Ishii, T., Shimpo, Y., Matsuoka, Y., Kinoshita, K., Anti-apoptotic effect of acetyl-l-carnitine and I-carnitine in primary cultured neurons. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 2000, 83, 119-124.
42. Siu, P. M., Always, S. E., Response and adaptation of skeletal muscle to denervation stress: the role of apoptosis in muscle loss. Front. Biosci. 2009, 14, 432-452.
43. St-Amand, J., Okamura, K., Matsumoto, K., Shimizu, S., Sogawa, Y., Characterization of control and immobilized skeletal muscle: an overview from genetic engineering. FASEB J. 2001, 15, 684-692.
44. Kita, K., Kato, S., Amanyaman, M., Okumura, J., Yokota, H., Dietary L-carnitine increases plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentration in chicks fed a diet with adequate dietary protein level. Br. Poult. Sci. 2002, 43, 117-121.
45. Heo, Y. R., Kang, C. W., Cha, Y. S., L-Carnitine changes the levels of insulin-likegrowth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 2001, 47, 329-334.
46. Doberenz, J., Birkenfeld, C., Kluge, H., Eder, K., Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in pregnant sows on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factors, various hormones and metabolites and chorion characteristics. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2006, 90, 487-499.
47. Di Marzio, L., Moretti, S., D'Alò, S., Zazzeroni, F. et al., Acetyl-L-carnitine administration increases insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects: correlation with its suppressive effect on lymphocyte apoptosis and ceramide generation. Clin. Immunol. 1999, 92, 103-110.
48. Kelley, R. L., Jungst, S. B., Spencer, T. E., Owsley, W. F. et al., Maternal treatment with somatotropin alters embryonic development and early postnatal growth of pigs. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 1995, 12, 83-94.
49. Baumann, M. U., Deborde, S., Illsley, N. P., Placental glucose transfer and fetal growth. Endocrine 2002, 19, 13-22.
50. Rommel, C., Bodine, S. C., Clarke, B. A., Rossman, R. et al., Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI(3)K/Akt/mTOR and PI(3)K/Akt/GSK3 pathways. Nat. Cell Biol. 2001, 3, 1009-1013.
51. Li, M., Li, C., Parkhouse, W. S., Age-related differences in the des IGF-I-mediated activation of Akt-1 and p70 S6K in mouse skeletal muscle. Mech. Ageing Dev. 2003, 124, 771-778.
52. Sacheck, J. M., Ohtsuka, A., McLary, S. C., Goldberg, A. L., IGF-I stimulates muscle growth by suppressing protein breakdown and expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2004, 287, E591-E601.
53. Fielenbach, N., Guardavaccaro, D., Neubert, K., Chan, T. et al., DRE-1: an evolutionarily conserved F box protein that regulates C. elegans developmental age. Dev. Cell 2007, 12, 443-455.
54. Lösel, D., Kalbe, C., Rehfeldt, C., L-Carnitine supplementation during suckling intensifies the early postnatal skeletal myofiber formation in piglets of low birth weight. J. Anim. Sci. 2009, 87, 2216-2226.
55. Dingová, H., Fukalová, J., Maninová, M., Philimonenko, V. V., Hozák, P., Ultrastructural localization of actin and actin-binding proteins in the nucleus. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2009, 13, 425-434.
56. Arai, A., Spencer, J. A., Olson, E. N., STARS, a striated muscle activator of Rho signaling and serum response factor-dependent transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 24453-24459.
57. Nier, B., Weinberg, P. D., Rimbach, G., Stöcklin, E., Barella, L., Differential gene expression in skeletal muscle of rats with vitamin E deficiency. IUBMB Life 2006, 58, 540-548.