메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 773-786

Deficient maturation of aspects of attention and executive functions in early onset schizophrenia

Author keywords

Adolescent; Cognition; Early onset psychosis; Longitudinal; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; ONSET AGE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 79952116923     PISSN: 10188827     EISSN: 1435165X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-010-0126-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (89)
  • 2
    • 0035701049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of executive functions through late childhood and adolescence in an Australian sample
    • Anderson VA, Anderson P, Northam E, Jacobs R, Catroppa C (2001) Development of executive functions through late childhood and adolescence in an Australian sample. Dev Neuropsychol 20:385-406 (Pubitemid 34106515)
    • (2001) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 385-406
    • Anderson, V.A.1    Anderson, P.2    Northam, E.3    Jacobs, R.4    Catroppa, C.5
  • 8
    • 0032565610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological correlates of negative, disorganized and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(98)00023-1, PII S0920996498000231
    • Basso MR, Nasrallah HA, Olson SC, Bornstein RA (1998) Neuropsychological correlates of negative, disorganized and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 31:99-111 (Pubitemid 28307950)
    • (1998) Schizophrenia Research , vol.31 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 99-111
    • Basso, M.R.1    Nasrallah, H.A.2    Olson, S.C.3    Bornstein, R.A.4
  • 12
    • 0023336972 scopus 로고
    • A North Dakota prevalence study of schizophrenia presenting in childhood
    • Burd L, Kerbeshian J (1987) A North Dakota prevalence study of schizophrenia presenting in childhood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26:347-350
    • (1987) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 347-350
    • Burd, L.1    Kerbeshian, J.2
  • 13
    • 0016177104 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning
    • Buschke H, Fuld PA (1974) Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurology 24:1019-1025
    • (1974) Neurology , vol.24 , pp. 1019-1025
    • Buschke, H.1    Fuld, P.A.2
  • 14
    • 0032927891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School performance in finnish children and later development of schizophrenia: A population-based longitudinal study
    • DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.56.5.457
    • Cannon M, Jones P, Huttunen MO, Tanskanen A, Huttunen T, Rabe-Hesketh S, Murray RM (1999) School performance in Finnish children and later development of schizophrenia: a population-based longitudinal study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:457-463 (Pubitemid 29215435)
    • (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 457-463
    • Cannon, M.1    Jones, P.2    Huttunen, M.O.3    Tanskanen, A.4    Huttunen, T.5    Rabe-Hesketh, S.6    Murray, R.M.7
  • 15
    • 0030980583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological evidence supporting a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: A longitudinal study
    • DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(96)00091-6, PII S0920996496000916
    • Censits DM, Ragland JD, Gur RC, Gur RE (1997) Neuropsychological evidence supporting a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: a longitudinal study. Schizophr Res 24:289-298 (Pubitemid 27163240)
    • (1997) Schizophrenia Research , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 289-298
    • Censits, D.M.1    Ragland, J.D.2    Gur, R.C.3    Gur, R.E.4
  • 16
  • 18
    • 0030297628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fronto-parietal network for rapid visual information processing: A PET study of sustained attention and working memory
    • DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(96)00029-2
    • Coull JT, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS, Grasby PM (1996) A frontoparietal network for rapid visual information processing: a PET study of sustained attention and working memory. Neuropsychologia 34:1085-1095 (Pubitemid 26345286)
    • (1996) Neuropsychologia , vol.34 , Issue.11 , pp. 1085-1095
    • Coull, J.T.1    Frith, C.D.2    Frackowiak, R.S.J.3    Grasby, P.M.4
  • 20
    • 0000440878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory and model of executive function: A neuropsychological perspective
    • Lyon GR, Krasnegor NA (eds) Poul H. Brookes, Baltimore
    • Denckla MB (1996) A theory and model of executive function: a neuropsychological perspective. In: Lyon GR, Krasnegor NA (eds) Attention, memory, and executive function. Poul H. Brookes, Baltimore, pp 263-277
    • (1996) Attention, Memory, and Executive Function , pp. 263-277
    • Denckla, M.B.1
  • 21
    • 0024845352 scopus 로고
    • Impaired extra-dimensional shift performance in medicated and unmedicated Parkinson's disease: Evidence for a specific attentional dysfunction
    • DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(89)90128-0
    • Downes JJ, Roberts AC, Sahakian BJ, Evenden JL, Morris RG, Robbins TW (1989) Impaired extra-dimensional shift performance in medicated and unmedicated Parkinson's disease: evidence for a specific attentional dysfunction. Neuropsychologia 27:1329-1343 (Pubitemid 20015615)
    • (1989) Neuropsychologia , vol.27 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1329-1343
    • Downess, J.J.1    Roberts, A.C.2    Sahakian, B.J.3    Evenden, J.L.4    Morris, R.G.5    Robbins, T.W.6
  • 22
    • 33745379813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits and levels of IQ in adolescent onset schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
    • DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2006.03.004, PII S0920996406000922
    • Fagerlund B, Pagsberg AK, Hemmingsen RP (2006) Cognitive deficits and levels of IQ in adolescent onset schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 85:30-39 (Pubitemid 43947521)
    • (2006) Schizophrenia Research , vol.85 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 30-39
    • Fagerlund, B.1    Pagsberg, A.K.2    Hemmingsen, R.P.3
  • 24
    • 37149040086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Maudsley early onset schizophrenia study: Cognitive function over a 4-year follow-up period
    • DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbm124
    • Frangou S, Hadjulis M, Vourdas A (2008) The Maudsley early onset schizophrenia study: cognitive function over a 4-year follow-up period. Schizophr Bull 34:52-59 (Pubitemid 350262292)
    • (2008) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-59
    • Frangou, S.1    Hadjulis, M.2    Vourdas, A.3
  • 26
    • 0032608811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synopsis of function and dysfunction of the frontal lobe
    • Fuster JM (1999) Synopsis of function and dysfunction of the frontal lobe. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 395:51-57
    • (1999) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl , vol.395 , pp. 51-57
    • Fuster, J.M.1
  • 28
    • 0032860930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of cognitive function in first-episode and recent- onset schizophrenia
    • Gold S, Arndt S, Nopoulos P, O'Leary DS, Andreasen NC (1999) Longitudinal study of cognitive function in first-episode and recent-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 156:1342-1348 (Pubitemid 29416529)
    • (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.9 , pp. 1342-1348
    • Gold, S.1    Arndt, S.2    Nopoulos, P.3    O'Leary, D.S.4    Andreasen, N.C.5
  • 29
    • 39249084167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits in early-onset schizophrenia spectrum patients and their non-psychotic siblings: A comparison with ADHD
    • Groom MJ, Jackson GM, Calton TG, Andrews HK, Bates AT, Liddle PF, Hollis C (2008) Cognitive deficits in early-onset schizophrenia spectrum patients and their non-psychotic siblings: a comparison with ADHD. Schizophr Res 99:85-95
    • (2008) Schizophr Res , vol.99 , pp. 85-95
    • Groom, M.J.1    Jackson, G.M.2    Calton, T.G.3    Andrews, H.K.4    Bates, A.T.5    Liddle, P.F.6    Hollis, C.7
  • 32
    • 17844374871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and prediction of schizophrenia from adolescence to adulthood
    • Helgeland MI, Torgersen S (2005) Stability and prediction of schizophrenia from adolescence to adulthood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 14:83-94
    • (2005) Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 83-94
    • Helgeland, M.I.1    Torgersen, S.2
  • 34
    • 23944435882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten year longitudinal study of neuropsychological functioning subsequent to a first episode of schizophrenia
    • DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2005.05.010, PII S0920996405002033
    • Hoff AL, Svetina C, Shields G, Stewart J, DeLisi LE (2005) Ten year longitudinal study of neuropsychological functioning subsequent to a first episode of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 78:27-34 (Pubitemid 41188322)
    • (2005) Schizophrenia Research , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-34
    • Hoff, A.L.1    Svetina, C.2    Shields, G.3    Stewart, J.4    DeLisi, L.E.5
  • 35
    • 0033797560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult outcomes of child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia: Diagnostic stability and predictive validity
    • Hollis C (2000) Adult outcomes of child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia: diagnostic stability and predictive validity. Am J Psychiatry 157:1652-1659
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 1652-1659
    • Hollis, C.1
  • 36
    • 77958163594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological profile in early-onset schizophreni-aspectrum disorders: Measured with the MATRICS battery
    • doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn174
    • Holmen A, Juuhl-Langseth M, Thormodsen R, Melle I, Rund BR (2009) Neuropsychological profile in early-onset schizophreni-aspectrum disorders: measured with the MATRICS battery. Schizophr Bull. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn174
    • (2009) Schizophr Bull
    • Holmen, A.1    Juuhl-Langseth, M.2    Thormodsen, R.3    Melle, I.4    Rund, B.R.5
  • 37
    • 33745588032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related change in executive function: Developmental trends and a latent variable analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.010, PII S0028393206000224
    • Huizinga M, Dolan CV, van der Molen MW (2006) Age-related change in executive function: developmental trends and a latent variable analysis. Neuropsychologia 44:2017-2036 (Pubitemid 43993995)
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , Issue.11 , pp. 2017-2036
    • Huizinga, M.1    Dolan, C.V.2    Van Der Molen, M.W.3
  • 39
    • 0031974891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research update: Childhood-onset schizophrenia: Implications of clinical and neurobiological research
    • DOI 10.1017/S002196309700173X
    • Jacobsen LK, Rapoport JL (1998) Research update: childhood-onset schizophrenia: implications of clinical and neurobiological research. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 39:101-113 (Pubitemid 28059671)
    • (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-113
    • Jacobsen, L.K.1    Rapoport, J.L.2
  • 40
    • 0037226661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic stability in adolescent onset psychotic disorders
    • DOI 10.1007/s00787-003-0300-z
    • Jarbin H, von Knorring AL (2003) Diagnostic stability in adolescent onset psychotic disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 12:15-22 (Pubitemid 36336856)
    • (2003) European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Jarbin, H.1    Von Knorring, A.-L.2
  • 42
    • 34848895178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elusive nature of executive functions: A review of our current understanding
    • DOI 10.1007/s11065-007-9040-z, Special Issue-Alcohol and Drug Dependence: Brain Mechanisms and Behavioral Impact
    • Jurado MB, Rosselli M (2007) The elusive nature of executive functions: a review of our current understanding. Neuropsychol Rev 17:213-233 (Pubitemid 47498183)
    • (2007) Neuropsychology Review , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-233
    • Jurado, M.B.1    Rosselli, M.2
  • 45
    • 33745362095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision-making impairments in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia
    • DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2006.02.028, PII S0920996406001022
    • Kester HM, Sevy S, Yechiam E, Burdick KE, Cervellione KL, Kumra S (2006) Decision-making impairments in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 85:113-123 (Pubitemid 43947528)
    • (2006) Schizophrenia Research , vol.85 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 113-123
    • Kester, H.M.1    Sevy, S.2    Yechiam, E.3    Burdick, K.E.4    Cervellione, K.L.5    Kumra, S.6
  • 46
    • 0344059113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Maudsley early onset schizophrenia study: Cognitive function in adolescents with recent onset schizophrenia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00291-8
    • Kravariti E, Morris RG, Rabe-Hesketh S, Murray RM, Frangou S (2003) The Maudsley early onset schizophrenia study: cognitive function in adolescents with recent onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 61:137-148 (Pubitemid 36513928)
    • (2003) Schizophrenia Research , vol.61 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 137-148
    • Kravariti, E.1    Morris, R.G.2    Rabe-Hesketh, S.3    Murray, R.M.4    Frangou, S.5
  • 48
    • 0029885136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-episode schizophrenia: I. Early course parameters
    • Larsen TK, McGlashan TH, Moe LC (1996) First-episode schizophrenia: I. Early course parameters. Schizophr Bull 22:241-256 (Pubitemid 26174572)
    • (1996) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-256
    • Larsen, T.K.1    McGlashan, T.H.2    Moe, L.C.3
  • 51
    • 0034089322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test among adolescents in Taiwan: Norms, factorial structure, and relation to schizotypy
    • Lin CC, Chen WJ, Yang HJ, Hsiao CK, Tien AY (2000) Performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test among adolescents in Taiwan: norms, factorial structure, and relation to schizotypy. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 22:69-79 (Pubitemid 30114644)
    • (2000) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-79
    • Lin, C.C.H.1    Chen, W.J.2    Yang, H.-J.3    Hsiao, C.K.4    Tien, A.Y.5
  • 52
    • 0028956820 scopus 로고
    • Methodological aspects of onset assessment in schizophrenia
    • Maurer K, Hafner H (1995) Methodological aspects of onset assessment in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 15:265-276
    • (1995) Schizophr Res , vol.15 , pp. 265-276
    • Maurer, K.1    Hafner, H.2
  • 54
    • 0032850903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early onset psychotic disorders: Diagnostic stability and clinical characteristics
    • McClellan J, McCurry C (1999) Early onset psychotic disorders: diagnostic stability and clinical characteristics. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 8:I/13-I/19
    • (1999) Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.8
    • McClellan, J.1    McCurry, C.2
  • 55
    • 84887059933 scopus 로고
    • Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting
    • Milner B (1963) Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting. Arch Neurol 9:100-110
    • (1963) Arch Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 100-110
    • Milner, B.1
  • 56
    • 2342475885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis and critical review of the effects of conventional neuroleptic treatment on cognition in schizophrenia: Opening a closed book
    • DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.027, PII S0006322304001131
    • Mishara AL, Goldberg TE (2004) A meta-analysis and critical review of the effects of conventional neuroleptic treatment on cognition in schizophrenia: opening a closed book. Biol Psychiatry 55:1013-1022 (Pubitemid 38581917)
    • (2004) Biological Psychiatry , vol.55 , Issue.10 , pp. 1013-1022
    • Mishara, A.L.1    Goldberg, T.E.2
  • 57
    • 0034242442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis
    • Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH, Howerter A, Wager TD (2000) The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cognit Psychol 41:49-100
    • (2000) Cognit Psychol , vol.41 , pp. 49-100
    • Miyake, A.1    Friedman, N.P.2    Emerson, M.J.3    Witzki, A.H.4    Howerter, A.5    Wager, T.D.6
  • 58
    • 0023638471 scopus 로고
    • Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder?
    • Murray RM, Lewis SW (1987) Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 295:681-682 (Pubitemid 17137921)
    • (1987) British Medical Journal , vol.295 , Issue.6600 , pp. 681-682
    • Murray, R.M.1    Lewis, S.W.2
  • 59
    • 0034986343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between symptom dimensions and neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of WCST and CPT studies
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-3956(01)00014-0, PII S0022395601000140
    • Nieuwenstein MR, Aleman A, de Haan EH (2001) Relationship between symptom dimensions and neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of WCST and CPT studies. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Continuous Performance Test. J Psychiatr Res 35:119-125 (Pubitemid 32506755)
    • (2001) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-125
    • Nieuwenstein, M.R.1    Aleman, A.2    De Haan, E.H.F.3
  • 62
    • 54149096762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10-13 year follow-up of changes in perception and executive attention in patients with early-onset schizophrenia: A dichotic listening study
    • Oie M, Hugdahl K (2008) A 10-13 year follow-up of changes in perception and executive attention in patients with early-onset schizophrenia: a dichotic listening study. Schizophr Res 106:29-32
    • (2008) Schizophr Res , vol.106 , pp. 29-32
    • Oie, M.1    Hugdahl, K.2
  • 63
    • 0032818611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological deficits in adolescent-onset schizophrenia compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Oie M, Rund BR (1999) Neuropsychological deficits in adolescent-onset schizophrenia compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 156:1216-1222
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 1216-1222
    • Oie, M.1    Rund, B.R.2
  • 64
    • 77953180198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive decline in early-onset schizophrenia compared with ADHD and normal controls: Evidence from a 13-year follow-up study
    • doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn127
    • Oie M, Sundet K, Rund BR (2008) Neurocognitive decline in early-onset schizophrenia compared with ADHD and normal controls: evidence from a 13-year follow-up study. Schizophr Bull. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn127
    • (2008) Schizophr Bull
    • Oie, M.1    Sundet, K.2    Rund, B.R.3
  • 65
    • 0025092922 scopus 로고
    • Planning and spatial working memory following frontal lobe lesions in man
    • DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90137-D
    • Owen AM, Downes JJ, Sahakian BJ, Polkey CE, Robbins TW (1990) Planning and spatial working memory following frontal lobe lesions in man. Neuropsychologia 28:1021-1034 (Pubitemid 20347464)
    • (1990) Neuropsychologia , vol.28 , Issue.10 , pp. 1021-1034
    • Owen, A.M.1    Downes, J.J.2    Sahakian, B.J.3    Polkey, C.E.4    Robbins, T.W.5
  • 66
    • 0033594976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of set-shifting ability in patients with chronic schizophrenia and frontal lobe damage
    • DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(98)00156-X, PII S092099649800156X
    • Pantelis C, Barber FZ, Barnes TR, Nelson HE, Owen AM, Robbins TW (1999) Comparison of set-shifting ability in patients with chronic schizophrenia and frontal lobe damage. Schizophr Res 37:251-270 (Pubitemid 29298095)
    • (1999) Schizophrenia Research , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-270
    • Pantelis, C.1    Barber, F.Z.2    Barnes, T.R.E.3    Nelson, H.E.4    Owen, A.M.5    Robbins, T.W.6
  • 68
    • 0020435365 scopus 로고
    • Children's production on verbal and non-verbal fluency tasks
    • Regard M, Strauss E, Knapp P (1982) Children's production on verbal and non-verbal fluency tasks. Percept Mot Skills 55:839-844
    • (1982) Percept Mot Skills , vol.55 , pp. 839-844
    • Regard, M.1    Strauss, E.2    Knapp, P.3
  • 72
    • 26444512016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early-onset schizophrenia: A 15-year follow-up
    • Ropcke B, Eggers C (2005) Early-onset schizophrenia: a 15-year follow-up. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 14:341-350
    • (2005) Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 341-350
    • Ropcke, B.1    Eggers, C.2
  • 74
    • 33751531954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive increase of frontostriatal brain activation from childhood to adulthood during event-related tasks of cognitive control
    • DOI 10.1002/hbm.20237
    • Rubia K, Smith AB, Woolley J, Nosarti C, Heyman I, Taylor E, Brammer M (2006) Progressive increase of frontostriatal brain activation from childhood to adulthood during event-related tasks of cognitive control. Hum Brain Mapp 27:973-993 (Pubitemid 44837500)
    • (2006) Human Brain Mapping , vol.27 , Issue.12 , pp. 973-993
    • Rubia, K.1    Smith, A.B.2    Woolley, J.3    Nosarti, C.4    Heyman, I.5    Taylor, E.6    Brammer, M.7
  • 75
    • 0027735697 scopus 로고
    • Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) in Alzheimer's disease: An assessment of attentional and mnemonic function using CANTAB
    • Sahakian BJ, Coull JT (1993) Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) in Alzheimer's disease: an assessment of attentional and mnemonic function using CANTAB. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 149:29-35 (Pubitemid 24027488)
    • (1993) Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Supplement , vol.88 , Issue.149 , pp. 29-35
    • Sahakian, B.J.1    Coull, J.T.2
  • 76
    • 28744457842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive discernible factors between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
    • DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.07.003, PII S0278262605000990
    • Stip E, Sepehry AA, Prouteau A, Briand C, Nicole L, Lalonde P, Lesage A (2005) Cognitive discernible factors between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Brain Cogn 59:292-295 (Pubitemid 41758553)
    • (2005) Brain and Cognition , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 292-295
    • Stip, E.1    Sepehry, A.A.2    Prouteau, A.3    Briand, C.4    Nicole, L.5    Lalonde, P.6    Lesage, A.7
  • 77
    • 0025348210 scopus 로고
    • Effects of anticholinergic medication on memory in schizophrenia
    • DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(90)90045-9
    • Strauss ME, Reynolds KS, Jayaram G, Tune LE (1990) Effects of anticholinergic medication on memory in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 3:127-129 (Pubitemid 20112987)
    • (1990) Schizophrenia Research , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-129
    • Strauss, M.E.1    Reynolds, K.S.2    Jayaram, G.3    Tune, L.E.4
  • 78
    • 0033654039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive functions and the frontal lobes: A conceptual view
    • Stuss DT, Alexander MP (2000) Executive functions and the frontal lobes: a conceptual view. Psychol Res 63:289-298
    • (2000) Psychol Res , vol.63 , pp. 289-298
    • Stuss, D.T.1    Alexander, M.P.2
  • 80
    • 0029810571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia with childhood and adolescent onset-a nationwide register-based study
    • Thomsen PH (1996) Schizophrenia with childhood and adolescent onset-a nationwide register-based study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 94:187-193
    • (1996) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.94 , pp. 187-193
    • Thomsen, P.H.1
  • 81
    • 2442474248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive functioning in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
    • DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.02.014, PII S0165178104000599
    • Ueland T, Oie M, Inge LN, Rund BR (2004) Cognitive functioning in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 126:229-239 (Pubitemid 38626184)
    • (2004) Psychiatry Research , vol.126 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-239
    • Ueland, T.1    Oie, M.2    Landro, N.I.3    Rund, B.R.4
  • 82
    • 0023215296 scopus 로고
    • Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia
    • Weinberger DR (1987) Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:660-669
    • (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 660-669
    • Weinberger, D.R.1
  • 83
    • 84920591658 scopus 로고
    • A normative-developmental study of executive function: A window on prefrontal function in children
    • Welsh MC, Pennington BF, Groisser DB (1991) A normative-developmental study of executive function: a window on prefrontal function in children. Dev Neuropsychol 7:131-149
    • (1991) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.7 , pp. 131-149
    • Welsh, M.C.1    Pennington, B.F.2    Groisser, D.B.3
  • 84
    • 0027083465 scopus 로고
    • Child and adolescent (early onset) schizophrenia: A review in light of DSM-III-R
    • Werry JS (1992) Child and adolescent (early onset) schizophrenia: a review in light of DSM-III-R. J Autism Dev Disord 22:601-624
    • (1992) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.22 , pp. 601-624
    • Werry, J.S.1
  • 85
    • 33747888966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological Performance in First-Episode Adolescents with Schizophrenia: A Comparison with First-Episode Adults and Adolescent Control Subjects
    • DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002, PII S0006322306000965
    • White T, Ho BC, Ward J, O'Leary D, Andreasen NC (2006) Neuropsychological performance in first-episode adolescents with schizophrenia: a comparison with first-episode adults and adolescent control subjects. Biol Psychiatry 60:463-471 (Pubitemid 44292159)
    • (2006) Biological Psychiatry , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 463-471
    • White, T.1    Ho, B.-C.2    Ward, J.3    O'Leary, D.4    Andreasen, N.C.5
  • 87
    • 0038401764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Version 2.1. World Health Organization, Division of Mental Health, Geneva
    • WHO (1998) Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry Version 2.1. World Health Organization, Division of Mental Health, Geneva
    • (1998) Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry
  • 88
    • 21244448316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of neuropsychological change to clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in schizophrenia
    • DOI 10.1017/S146114570500516X
    • Woodward ND, Purdon SE, Meltzer HY, Zald DH (2005) A meta-analysis of neuropsychological change to clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 8:457-472 (Pubitemid 41002500)
    • (2005) International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 457-472
    • Woodward, N.D.1    Purdon, S.E.2    Meltzer, H.Y.3    Zald, D.H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.