Goal-directed therapy for severely hypoxic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: Permissive hypoxemia

Respiratory Care

Volumn 55, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 1483-1490

  Abdelsalam, Mohamed ^a   Cheifetz, Ira M ^b  

^a Suez Chest Hospital   (Egypt)

^b DUKE CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Acidosis; Acute lung injury; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Anemia; Cardiac output; Critical illness; Hypercapnia; Hypoxemia; Hypoxia; Mechanical ventilation; Oxygen delivery; Physiology; Shock

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ARTERIAL OXYGEN TENSION; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BLOOD OXYGENATION; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EXTRACORPOREAL OXYGENATION; HEART OUTPUT; HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION; HUMAN; HYPOXEMIA; HYPOXIA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; TISSUE OXYGENATION; VENTILATOR INDUCED LUNG INJURY; ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ANOXIA; HYPERCAPNIA; METHODOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANOXIA; CARDIAC OUTPUT; HUMANS; HYPERCAPNIA; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT; VENTILATOR-INDUCED LUNG INJURY;

EID: 79951505227     PISSN: 00201324     EISSN: 19433654     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Gattinoni L, Brazzi L, Pelosi P, Latini R, Tognoni G, Pesenti A, et al. A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1995;333(16):1025-1032.
2. Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Yau EH, Palazzo M, Hinds CJ, Watson D. Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1994;330(24):1717-1722.
3. Heyland DK, Cook DJ, King D, Kernerman P, Brun-Buisson C. Maximizing oxygen delivery in critically ill patients: a methodologic appraisal of the evidence. Crit Care Med 1996;24(3):517-524.
4. Alía I, Esteban A, Gordo F, Lorente JA, Diaz C, Rodriguez JA, Frutos F. A randomized and controlled trial of the effect of treatment aimed at maximizing oxygen delivery in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Chest 1999;115(2):453-461.
5. Lobo SM, Salgado PF, Castillo VG, Borim AA, Polachini CA, Palchetti JC, et al. Effects of maximizing oxygen delivery on morbidity and mortality in high-risk surgical patients. Crit Care Med 2000; 28(10):3396-3404.
6. Boyd O, Grounds RM, Bennett ED. A randomized clinical trial of the effect of deliberate perioperative increase of oxygen delivery on mortality in high-risk surgical patients. JAMA 1993;270(22):2699-2707.
7. Wilson J, Woods I, Fawcett J, Whall R, Dibb W, Morris C, McManus E. Reducing the risk of major elective surgery: randomized controlled trial of preoperative optimization of oxygen delivery. BMJ 1999;318(7191):1099-1103.
8. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, Ressler J, Mazzin A, Knoblich B, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001;345(19):1368-1377.
9. Brower RG, Ware LB, Berthiaume Y, Matthay MA. Treatment of ARDS. Chest 2001;120(4):1347-1367.
10. Pierson D. The future of respiratory care. Respir Care 2001;47(7): 705-718.
11. Abdelsalam M. Permissive hypoxemia: Is it time to change our approach? Chest 2006;129(1):210-211.
12. Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, Marshall J, Martin C, Pagliarello G, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 1999;340(6): 409-417.
13. Lacroix J, Hebert PC, Hutchison JS, Hume HA, Tucci M, Ducruet T, et al. Transfusion strategies for patients in pediatric intensive care units. N Engl J Med 2007;356(16):1609-1619.
14. Thorens JB, Jolliet P, Ritz M, Chevrolet JC. Effects of rapid permissive hypercapnia on hemodynamics, gas exchange, and oxygen transport and consumption during mechanical ventilation for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 1996;22(3):179-181.
15. Pearigen P, Gwinn R, Simon RP. The effects in vivo of hypoxia on brain injury. Brain Res 1996;725(2):184-191.
16. Garrido E, Segura R, Capdevila A, Aldoma J, Rodriguez FA, Javierra C, Ventura JL. New evidence from magnetic resonance imaging of brain changes after climbs at extreme altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1995;70(6):477-481.
17. Hornbein TF, Townes BD, Schoene RB, Sutton JR, Houston CS. The cost to the central nervous system of climbing to extremely high altitude. N Engl J Med 1989;321(25):1714-1719.
18. Regard M, Oelz O, Brugger P, Landis T. Persistent cognitive impairment in climbers after repeated exposure to extreme altitude. Neurology 1989;39(2 Pt 1):210-213.
19. Hopkins RO, Weaver LK, Pope D, Orme JF, Bigler ED, Larson-Lohr V. Neuropsychological sequelae and impaired health status in survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160(1):50-56.
20. Duggan M, McCaul CL, McNamara PJ, Engelberts D, Ackerley C, Kavanagh BP. Atelectasis causes vascular leak and lethal right ventricular failure in uninjured rat lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167(12):1633-1640.
21. Zapol WM, Snider MT. Pulmonary hypertension in severe acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 1977;296(9):476-480.
22. Kuiper JW, Groeneveld AB, Slutsky AS, Plotz FB. Mechanical ventilation and acute renal failure. Crit Care Med 2005;33(6):1408-1415.
23. Kuwahira I, Gonzalez NC, Heisler N, Piiper J. Changes in regional blood flow distribution and oxygen supply during hypoxia in conscious rats. J Appl Physiol 1993;74(1):211-214.
24. Adachi H, Strauss HW, Ochi H, Wagner HN. The effect of hypoxia on the regional distribution of cardiac output in the dog. Circ Res 1976;39(3):314-319.
25. Schou H, Perez de Sa V, Sigurdardottir M, Roscher R, Jonmarker C, Werner O. Circulatory effects of hypoxia, acute normovolemic hemodilution, and their combination in anesthetized pigs. Anesthesiology 1996;84(6):1443-1454.
26. Rohlicek CV, Matsuoka T, Saiki C. Cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia in adult rats hypoxemic neonatally. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 53(1):263-270.
27. Sidi D, Kuipers JR, Teitel D, Heymann MA, Rudolph AM. Developmental changes in oxygenation and circulatory responses to hypoxemia in lambs. Am J Physiol 1983;245(4):H674-H682.
28. Brett CM, Teitel DF, Heymann MA, Rudolph AM. The young lamb can increase cardiovascular performance during isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1989;71(5):751-756.
29. Schultz JM, Karamlou T, Shen I, Ungerleider RM. Cardiac output augmentation during hypoxemia improves cerebral metabolism after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81(2): 625-633.
30. Faraci FM. Adaptations to hypoxia in birds: how to fly high. Annu Rev Physiol 1991;53:59-70.
31. Faraci FM, Kilgore DL Jr., Fedde MR. Oxygen delivery to the heart and brain during hypoxia: pekin duck vs bar-headed goose. Am J Physiol 1984;247(1 Pt 2):69-75.
32. Faraci FM, Kilgore DL, Fedde MR. Blood flow distribution during hypocapnic hypoxia in pekin ducks and bar-headed geese. Respir Physiol 1985;61(1):21-30.
33. Faraci FM. Circulation during hypoxia in birds. Comp Biochem Physiol 1986;85(4):613-620.
34. Phillips BA, McConnell JW, Smith MD. The effects of hypoxemia on cardiac output. A dose-response curve. Chest 1988;93(3):471-475.
35. Cargill RI, Kiely DG, Lipworth BJ. Left ventricular systolic performance during acute hypoxemia. Chest 1995;108(4):899-902.
36. Grocott MP, Martin DS, Levett DZ, McMorrow R, Windsor J, Montgomery HE. Arterial blood gases and oxygen content in climbers on Mount Everest. N Engl J Med 2009;360(2):140-149.
37. Welch HG, Meehan KR, Goodnough LT. Prudent strategies for elective red blood cell transfusion. Ann Intern Med 1992;116(5):393-402.
38. Chapler CK, Cain SM. The physiologic reserve in oxygen carrying capacity: studies in experimental hemodilution. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1986;64(1):7-12.
39. Spahn DR, Leone BJ, Reves JG, Pasch T. Cardiovascular and coronary physiology of acute isovolemic anemia: a review of nonoxygen-carrying and oxygen-carrying solutions. Anesth Analog 1994; 78(5):1000-1021.
40. Fowler NO, Holmes SC. Blood viscosity and cardiac output in acute experimental anemia. J Appl Physiol 1975;39(3):453-456.
41. Tuman KJ. Tissue oxygen delivery: the physiology of anemia. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 1990;9:451-469.
42. Ahrens T, Rutherford K. Essentials of oxygenation: oxygen transport. Boston: Jones & Bartlett; 1993:63-68.
43. 2 delivery in canine gastrocnemius in situ. J Appl Physiol 1989;66(3):1219-1226.
44. 2 uptake and performance by acute hypoxia in dog muscle in situ. J Appl Physiol 1988;65(2):815-821.
45. 2 and force in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 1993;74(1):186-191.
46. 2 during hypoxemia and isovolemic anemia. J Appl Physiol 1990; 68(5):2047-2053.
47. Cain SM. Oxygen delivery and uptake in dogs during anemic and hypoxic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol Respir. Environ Exercise Physiol 1977;42(2):228-234.
48. Fahey JT, Lister G. Postnatal changes in critical cardiac output and oxygen transport in conscious lambs. Am J Physiol 1987;253(1 Pt 2):H100-H106.
49. Moss M, Moreau G, Lister G. Oxygen transport and metabolism in the conscious lamb: The effects of hypoxemia. Pediatr Res 1987; 22(2):177-183.
50. Cilley RE, Scharenberg AM, Bongiorno PF, Guire KE, Bartlett RH. Low oxygen delivery produced by anemia, hypoxia, and low cardiac output. J Surg Res 1991;51(5):425-433.
51. DeBacker D, Creteur J, Preiser JC, Dubois MJ, Vincent JL. Microvascular blood flow is altered in patients with sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166(1):98-104.
52. Jakob SM, Takala J. ARDS. Monitoring tissue perfusion. Crit Care Clin 2002;18(1):143-163.
53. Marshall BE, Hanson CW, Frasch F, Marshall C. Role of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in pulmonary gas exchange and blood flow distribution. Intensive Care Med 1994;20(5):379-389.
54. Whipp BJ. Pulmonary biology in health and disease: the physiology and pathophysiology of gas exchange. New York: Springer; 2002: 189-217.
55. Weibel ER. The pathway for oxygen: structure and function in the mammalian respiratory system. Cambridge: Harvard University; 1984:247.
56. Chioléro R, Flatt JP, Revelly JP, Jéquier E. Effects of catecholamines on oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery in critically ill patients. Chest 1991;100(6):1676-1684.
57. Ronco JJ, Fenwick JC, Wiggs BR, Phang PT, Russell JA, Tweeddale MG. Oxygen consumption is independent of increases in oxygen delivery by dobutamine in septic patients who have normal or increased plasma lactate. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147(1):25-31.
58. Marini JJ, Hotchkiss JR Jr, Broccard AF. Bench-to-bedside review: microvascular and airspace linkage in ventilator-induced lung injury. Crit Care 2003;7(6):435-444.
59. Hotchkiss JR Jr, Blanch L, Naviera A, Adams AB, Olson DA, Marini JJ. Relative roles of vascular and airspace pressures in ventilator induced lung injury. Crit Care Med 2001;29(8):1593-1598.
60. Broccard AF, Vannay C, Feihl F, Schaller MD. Impact of low pulmonary vascular pressure on ventilator-induced lung injury. Crit Care Med 2002;30(10):2183-2190.
61. Dreyfuss D, Saumon G. Ventilator-induced lung injury: lessons from experimental studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157(1):294-323.
62. Dreyfuss D, Soler P, Basset G, Saumon G. High inflation pressure pulmonary edema. Respective effects of high airway pressure, high tidal volume, and positive end-expiratory pressure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137(5):1159-1164.
63. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology: transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and tissue fluids. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier Saunders; 2006:502-513.
64. Leach RM, Treacher DF. ABC of oxygen: oxygen transport-2. Tissue hypoxia. BMJ 1998;317(7169):1370-1373.
65. Third European Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine. Tissue hypoxia: how to detect, how to correct, how to prevent; consensus conference. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154(5): 1573-1578.
66. Manthous CA, Hall JB, Olson D, Singh M, Chatila W, Pohlman A, et al. Effect of cooling on oxygen consumption in febrile critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151(1):10-14.
67. Leach RM, Treacher DF. The pulmonary physician in critical care 2: oxygen delivery and consumption in the critically ill. Thorax 2002; 57(2):170-177.
68. Elliott DC. An evaluation of the end points of resuscitation. J Am Coll Surg 1998;187(5):536-547.
69. VO2 monitoring. Intensive Care Med 1994;20(7):484-488.
70. Reinhart K, Rudolph T, Bredle DL, Hannemann L, Cain SM. Comparison of central-venous to mixed-venous oxygen saturation during changes in oxygen supply/demand. Chest 1989;95(6):1216-1221.
71. Ruokonen E, Takala J, Kari A, Saxen H, Merlsola J, Hansen EJ. Regional blood flow and oxygen transport in septic shock. Crit Care Med 1993;21(9):1296-1303.
72. Sandham JD, Hull RD, Brant RF, Knox L, Pineo GF, Doig CJ, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients. N Engl J Med 2003;348(1):5-14.
73. Richard C, Warszawski J, Anguel N, Deye N, Combes A, Barnoud D, et al. Early use of the pulmonary artery catheter and outcomes in patients with shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290(20):2713-2720.
74. Harvey S, Harrison DA, Singer M, Aschcroft J, Jones CM, Elbourne D, et al. Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in management of patients in intensive care (PAC-Man): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366(9484):472-477.
75. Rhodes A, Cusack RJ, Newman PJ, Grounds RM, Bennett ED. A randomized, controlled trial of the pulmonary artery catheter in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002;28(3):256-264.
76. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Pulmonary-artery versus central venous catheter to guide treatment of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 2006;354(21):2213-2224.
77. ESCAPE Investigators and Study Coordinators. Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial. JAMA 2005;294(13):1625-1633.
78. Preiser JC, Daper A, Parquier JN, Contempre B, Vincent JL. Transthoracic electrical bioimpedance versus thermodilution technique for cardiac output measurement during mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 1989;15(4):221-223.
79. Zoremba N, Bickenbach J, Krauss B, Rossaint R, Kuhlen R, Schalte G. Comparison of electrical velocimetry and thermodilution techniques for the measurement of cardiac output. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007;51(10):1314-1319.
80. Chaney JC, Derdak S. Minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring for the intensivist: current and emerging technology. Crit Care Med 2002;30(10):2338-2345.
81. Dark PM, Singer M. The validity of trans-esophageal Doppler ultrasonography as a measure of cardiac output in critically ill adults. Intensive Care Med 2004;30(11):2060-2066.
82. Brown JM. Use of echocardiography for hemodynamic monitoring. Crit Care Med 2002;30(6):1361-1364.
83. Huttemann E. Transoesophageal echocardiography in critical care. Minerva Anestesiol 2006;72(11):891-913.