메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 266-278

Apathy in neuropsychiatric disease: Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment

(1)  Chase, Thomas N a  

a NONE

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Basal ganglia; Depression; Parkinson's disease; Prefrontal cortex; Schizophrenia; Therapeutics

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; AMFEBUTAMONE; AMPHETAMINE; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; CLOZAPINE; DONEPEZIL; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; GALANTAMINE; MEMANTINE; METHYLPHENIDATE; MIRTAZAPINE; MODAFINIL; NEFIRACETAM; OLANZAPINE; PSYCHOSTIMULANT AGENT; RISPERIDONE; RIVASTIGMINE;

EID: 79751533753     PISSN: 10298428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9196-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (113)

References (153)
  • 1
    • 21044448981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Part I: Findings from the two-year longitudinal Maasbed study
    • DOI 10.1002/gps.1316
    • P Aalten ME de Vugt N Jaspers J Jolles FR Verhey 2005 The course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Part I: findings from the two-year longitudinal Maasbed study Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 20 6 523 530 15920712 10.1002/gps.1316 (Pubitemid 40873344)
    • (2005) International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 523-530
    • Aalten, P.1    De Vugt, M.E.2    Jaspers, N.3    Jolles, J.4    Verhey, F.R.J.5
  • 2
    • 33645676744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Awareness and behavioral problems in dementia patients: A prospective study
    • 16388704 10.1017/S1041610205002772
    • P Aalten E van Valen ME de Vugt R Lousberg J Jolles FR Verhey 2006 Awareness and behavioral problems in dementia patients: a prospective study Int Psychogeriatr 18 1 3 17 16388704 10.1017/S1041610205002772
    • (2006) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-17
    • Aalten, P.1    Van Valen, E.2    De Vugt, M.E.3    Lousberg, R.4    Jolles, J.5    Verhey, F.R.6
  • 3
    • 33846016934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia: Frequency, profile and associated care giver stress
    • DOI 10.1136/jnnp.2005.083113
    • D Aarsland K Bronnick U Ehrt PP De Deyn S Tekin M Emre JL Cummings 2007 Neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia: frequency, profile and associated care giver stress J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78 36 42 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28jjs1Sntw%3D%3D 16820421 10.1136/jnnp.2005.083113 (Pubitemid 46048261)
    • (2007) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-42
    • Aarsland, D.1    Bronnick, K.2    Ehrt, U.3    De Deyn, P.P.4    Tekin, S.5    Emre, M.6    Cummings, J.L.7
  • 4
    • 0024342030 scopus 로고
    • SCH 23390 blocks drug-conditioned place-preference and place-aversion: Anhedonia (lack of reward) or apathy (lack of motivation) after dopamine-receptor blockade?
    • E Acquas E Carboni P Leone G Di Chiara 1989 SCH 23390 blocks drug-conditioned place-preference and place-aversion: anhedonia (lack of reward) or apathy (lack of motivation) after dopamine-receptor blockade? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 99 2 151 155 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXlvVOgtbY%3D 10.1007/BF00442800 (Pubitemid 19215210)
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-155
    • Acquas, E.1    Carboni, E.2    Leone, P.3    Di Chiara, G.4
  • 5
    • 0022930826 scopus 로고
    • Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
    • GE Alexander MR DeLong PL Strick 1986 Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex Annu Rev Neurosci 9 357 381 1:STN:280:DyaL283htlKksw%3D%3D 3085570 10.1146/annurev.ne.09. 030186.002041 (Pubitemid 16055790)
    • (1986) Annual Review of Neuroscience , vol.VOL. 9 , pp. 357-381
    • Alexander, G.E.1    DeLong, M.R.2    Strick, P.L.3
  • 8
    • 0032993070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and depressed mood in acquired brain damage: Relationship to lesion localization and psychophysiological reactivity
    • DOI 10.1017/S0033291798008046
    • S Andersson JM Krogstad A Finset 1999 Apathy and depressed mood in acquired brain damage: relationship to lesion localization and psychophysiological reactivity Psychol Med 29 2 447 456 1:STN:280: DyaK1M3jtlehsg%3D%3D 10218936 10.1017/S0033291798008046 (Pubitemid 29129329)
    • (1999) Psychological Medicine , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 447-456
    • Andersson, S.1    Krogstad, J.M.2    Finset, A.3
  • 11
    • 33748757910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive, Affective, and Psychiatric Features of Parkinson's Disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cger.2006.06.004, PII S0749069006000358, Movement Disorders
    • NR Barbas 2006 Cognitive, affective, and psychiatric features of Parkinson's disease Clin Geriatr Med 22 4 773 796 17000335 10.1016/j.cger.2006. 06.004 (Pubitemid 44416144)
    • (2006) Clinics in Geriatric Medicine , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 773-796
    • Barbas, N.R.1
  • 14
    • 34250368794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of the behavioral aspects of Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1586/14737175.7.6.711
    • LL Borek KL Chou JH Friedman 2007 Management of the behavioral aspects of Parkinson's disease Expert Rev Neurother 7 6 711 725 17563253 10.1586/14737175.7.6.711 (Pubitemid 46911618)
    • (2007) Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 711-725
    • Borek, L.L.1    Chou, K.L.2    Friedman, J.H.3
  • 15
    • 36448982847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia with Lewy-bodies (DLB): Frequency and relationship with disease severity and motor impairment
    • DOI 10.1016/j.archger.2007.03.003, PII S0167494307000982
    • B Borroni C Agosti A Padovani 2008 Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia with Lewy-bodies (DLB): frequency and relationship with disease severity and motor impairment Arch Gerontol Geriatr 46 1 101 106 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2sjhsVKmtA%3D%3D 17467082 10.1016/j.archger.2007.03.003 (Pubitemid 350166585)
    • (2008) Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-106
    • Borroni, B.1    Agosti, C.2    Padovani, A.3
  • 16
    • 67649103652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern of behavioral disturbances in corticobasal degeneration syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy
    • 19323870 10.1017/S1041610209008862
    • B Borroni A Alberici C Agosti M Cosseddu A Padovani 2009 Pattern of behavioral disturbances in corticobasal degeneration syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy Int Psychogeriatr 21 3 463 468 19323870 10.1017/ S1041610209008862
    • (2009) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 463-468
    • Borroni, B.1    Alberici, A.2    Agosti, C.3    Cosseddu, M.4    Padovani, A.5
  • 17
    • 20344394087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of dopamine in reward and pleasure behaviour - Review of data from preclinical research
    • RA Bressan JA Crippa 2005 The role of dopamine in reward and pleasure behaviour-review of data from preclinical research Acta Psychiatr Scand 111 427 Suppl 14 21 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00540.x (Pubitemid 40780195)
    • (2005) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplement , vol.111 , Issue.427 , pp. 14-21
    • Bressan, R.A.1    Crippa, J.A.2
  • 18
    • 27944444563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging correlates of apathy following stroke - The Sydney Stroke Study
    • DOI 10.1017/S0033291705006173, PII S0033291705006173
    • H Brodaty PS Sachdev A Withall A Altendorf MJ Valenzuela L Lorentz 2005 Frequency and clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging correlates of apathy following stroke-the Sydney Stroke Study Psychol Med 35 1707 1716 16202190 10.1017/S0033291705006173 (Pubitemid 41672349)
    • (2005) Psychological Medicine , vol.35 , Issue.12 , pp. 1707-1716
    • Brodaty, H.1    Sachdev, P.S.2    Withhall, A.3    Altendorf, A.4    Valenzuela, M.J.5    Lorentz, L.6
  • 19
    • 50849127099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
    • 18669506 10.1093/brain/awn151
    • PD Bruen WJ McGeown MF Shanks A Venneri 2008 Neuroanatomical correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease Brain 131 Pt 9 2455 2463 18669506 10.1093/brain/awn151
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , Issue.PART 9 , pp. 2455-2463
    • Bruen, P.D.1    McGeown, W.J.2    Shanks, M.F.3    Venneri, A.4
  • 20
    • 53249098734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of apathy and neurobehavioral deficits on the community integration of traumatic brain injury subjects
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1crntlOmuw%3D%3D 18762734
    • R Cattelani R Roberti F Lombardi 2008 Adverse effects of apathy and neurobehavioral deficits on the community integration of traumatic brain injury subjects Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 44 3 245 251 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1crntlOmuw%3D%3D 18762734
    • (2008) Eur J Phys Rehabil Med , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-251
    • Cattelani, R.1    Roberti, R.2    Lombardi, F.3
  • 22
    • 2442572227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bupropion in the management of apathy
    • DOI 10.1177/0269881104043284
    • C Corcoran ML Wong V O'Keane 2004 Bupropion in the management of apathy J Psychopharmacol 18 1 133 135 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c3htVSqtw%3D%3D 15107198 10.1177/0269881104043284 (Pubitemid 38623107)
    • (2004) Journal of Psychopharmacology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 133-135
    • Corcoran, C.1    Wong, M.L.2    O'Keane, V.3
  • 23
    • 33644667563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-sectional study of neuropsychiatric symptoms in 435 patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • 15956265
    • D Craig A Mirakhur DJ Hart SP McIlroy AP Passmore 2005 A cross-sectional study of neuropsychiatric symptoms in 435 patients with Alzheimer's disease Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 13 460 468 15956265
    • (2005) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 460-468
    • Craig, D.1    Mirakhur, A.2    Hart, D.J.3    McIlroy, S.P.4    Passmore, A.P.5
  • 24
    • 0036591268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daiichi seiyaku
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvVSgsr0%3D 12090554
    • FN Crespi 2002 Daiichi seiyaku Curr Opin Investig Drugs 3 5 788 793 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvVSgsr0%3D 12090554
    • (2002) Curr Opin Investig Drugs , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 788-793
    • Crespi, F.N.1
  • 25
    • 0027985334 scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychiatric inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
    • JL Cummings M Mega K Gray S Rosenberg-Thompson DA Carusi J Gornbein 1994 The neuropsychiatric inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia Neurology 44 12 2308 2314 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FotlWisw%3D%3D 7991117 (Pubitemid 24382728)
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , Issue.12 , pp. 2308-2314
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Mega, M.2    Gray, K.3    Rosenberg-Thompson, S.4    Carusi, D.A.5    Gornbein, J.6
  • 26
    • 38049023018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral effects of current Alzheimer's disease treatments: A descriptive review
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXitlKhtrY%3D 18631950 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.10.011
    • JL Cummings J Mackell D Kaufer 2008 Behavioral effects of current Alzheimer's disease treatments: a descriptive review Alzheimers Dement 4 1 49 60 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXitlKhtrY%3D 18631950 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.10.011
    • (2008) Alzheimers Dement , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-60
    • Cummings, J.L.1    MacKell, J.2    Kaufer, D.3
  • 27
    • 49249084391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy following subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: A dopamine responsive symptom
    • 18398913 10.1002/mds.21949
    • V Czernecki M Schipbach S Yaici R Levy E Bardinet J Yelnik B Dubois Y Agid 2008 Apathy following subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: a dopamine responsive symptom Mov Disord 23 7 964 969 18398913 10.1002/mds.21949
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 964-969
    • Czernecki, V.1    Schipbach, M.2    Yaici, S.3    Levy, R.4    Bardinet, E.5    Yelnik, J.6    Dubois, B.7    Agid, Y.8
  • 28
    • 34548210889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of dementia-related behaviors: An update
    • 17633594
    • LA Daiello 2007 Atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of dementia-related behaviors: an update Med Health R I 90 6 191 194 17633594
    • (2007) Med Health R i , vol.90 , Issue.6 , pp. 191-194
    • Daiello, L.A.1
  • 29
    • 37249066622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal dopamine transporter levels correlate with apathy in neurodegenerative diseases. A SPECT study with partial volume effect correction
    • DOI 10.1016/j.clineuro.2007.08.007, PII S0303846707002314
    • R David M Koulibaly M Benoit R Garcia H Caci J Darcourt P Robert 2008 Striatal dopamine transporter levels correlate with apathy in neurodegenerative diseases A SPECT study with partial volume effect correction Clin Neurol Neurosurg 110 1 19 24 17900799 10.1016/j.clineuro.2007.08.007 (Pubitemid 350266163)
    • (2008) Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery , vol.110 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-24
    • David, R.1    Koulibaly, M.2    Benoit, M.3    Garcia, R.4    Caci, H.5    Darcourt, J.6    Robert, P.7
  • 30
    • 0034879084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nefiracetam improves Morris water maze performance following traumatic brain injury in rats
    • DOI 10.1016/S0091-3057(01)00559-7, PII S0091305701005597
    • SM DeFord MS Wilson CJ Gibson A Baranova RJ Hamm 2001 Nefiracetam improves Morris water maze performance following traumatic brain injury in rats Pharmacol Biochem Behav 69 3-4 611 616 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvFWrsLo%3D 11509223 10.1016/S0091-3057(01)00559-7 (Pubitemid 32758748)
    • (2001) Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.69 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 611-616
    • DeFord S.Michelle1    Wilson, M.S.2    Gibson, C.J.3    Baranova, A.4    Hamm, R.J.5
  • 31
    • 0029952921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novelty-seeking in rats biobehavioral characteristics and possible relationship with the sensation-seeking trait in man
    • F Dellu PV Piazza W Mayo M Le Moal H Simon 1996 Novelty-seeking in rats-biobehavioral characteristics and possible relationship with the sensation-seeking trait in man Neuropsychobiology 34 3 136 145 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FntlentQ%3D%3D 8916071 10.1159/000119305 (Pubitemid 26355758)
    • (1996) Neuropsychobiology , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 136-145
    • Dellu, F.1    Piazza, P.V.2    Mayo, W.3    Le Moal, M.4    Simon, H.5
  • 32
    • 13744262221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy: A useful but limited concept
    • 15683965
    • C Derouesne 2004 Apathy: a useful but limited concept Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2 1 19 28 15683965
    • (2004) Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-28
    • Derouesne, C.1
  • 33
    • 35148817011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caudate structural abnormalities in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00906.x
    • EE DeVito CH Salmond BK Owler BJ Sahakian JD Pickard 2007 Caudate structural abnormalities in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus Acta Neurol Scand 116 5 328 332 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2sngtVGlug%3D%3D 17922726 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00906.x (Pubitemid 47537420)
    • (2007) Acta Neurologica Scandinavica , vol.116 , Issue.5 , pp. 328-332
    • DeVito, E.E.1    Salmond, C.H.2    Owler, B.K.3    Sahakian, B.J.4    Pickard, J.D.5
  • 34
    • 47549107617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion recognition impairment and apathy after subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease have separate neural substrates
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cvntlGltg%3D%3D 18579165 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia. 2008.05.006
    • D Drapier J Peron E Leray P Sauleau I Biseul S Drapier F Le Jeune D Travers A Bourguignon C Haegelen B Millet M Virin 2008 Emotion recognition impairment and apathy after subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease have separate neural substrates Neuropsychologia 46 11 2796 2801 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cvntlGltg%3D%3D 18579165 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.05.006
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , Issue.11 , pp. 2796-2801
    • Drapier, D.1    Peron, J.2    Leray, E.3    Sauleau, P.4    Biseul, I.5    Drapier, S.6    Le Jeune, F.7    Travers, D.8    Bourguignon, A.9    Haegelen, C.10    Millet, B.11    Virin, M.12
  • 35
    • 67650498368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment of apathy in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVGgs7fE 19609082 10.1159/000228840
    • RL Drijgers P Aalten A Winogrodzka FR Verhey AF Leentjens 2009 Pharmacological treatment of apathy in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 28 1 13 22 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVGgs7fE 19609082 10.1159/000228840
    • (2009) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-22
    • Drijgers, R.L.1    Aalten, P.2    Winogrodzka, A.3    Verhey, F.R.4    Leentjens, A.F.5
  • 37
    • 48649088252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Lille Apathy Rating Scale: Validation of a caregiver-based version
    • 18307266 10.1002/mds.21968
    • K Dujardin P Sockeel M Delliaux A DestÈe L Defebvre 2008 The Lille Apathy Rating Scale: validation of a caregiver-based version Mov Disord 23 6 845 849 18307266 10.1002/mds.21968
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 845-849
    • Dujardin, K.1    Sockeel, P.2    Delliaux, M.3    Destèe, A.4    Defebvre, L.5
  • 38
    • 38949152690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing apathy: The use of the Apathy Evaluation Scale in first episode psychosis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.09.002, PII S0924933807013879
    • A Faerden R Nesvåg EA Barrett I Agartz A Finset S Friis JI Rossberg I Melle 2008 Assessing apathy: the use of the Apathy Evaluation Scale in first episode psychosis Eur Psychiatry 23 1 33 39 18029152 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.09. 002 (Pubitemid 351221253)
    • (2008) European Psychiatry , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-39
    • Faerden, A.1    Nesvag, R.2    Barrett, E.A.3    Agartz, I.4    Finset, A.5    Friis, S.6    Rossberg, J.I.7    Melle, I.8
  • 40
    • 33847684390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2A receptor antagonism reverses the effects of dopamine receptor antagonism on instrumental output and effort-related choice in the rat: Implications for studies of psychomotor slowing
    • DOI 10.1007/s00213-006-0554-5, Dopamine - Revisited
    • AM Farrar M Pereira F Velasco J Hockemeyer CE Muller JD Salamone 2007 Adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonism reverses the effects of dopamine receptor antagonism on instrumental output and effort-related choice in the rat: implications for studies of psychomotor slowing Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191 3 579 586 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitlCqtbY%3D 10.1007/s00213-006-0554-5 (Pubitemid 46355890)
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology , vol.191 , Issue.3 , pp. 579-586
    • Farrar, A.M.1    Pereira, M.2    Velasco, F.3    Hockemeyer, J.4    Muller, C.E.5    Salamone, J.D.6
  • 41
    • 40849118056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forebrain circuitry involved in effort-related choice: Injections of the GABAA agonist muscimol into ventral pallidum alter response allocation in food-seeking behavior
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjs1Kqtb4%3D 18272291 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.12. 034
    • AM Farrar L Font M Pereira S Mingote JG Bunce JJ Chrobak JD Salamone 2008 Forebrain circuitry involved in effort-related choice: injections of the GABAA agonist muscimol into ventral pallidum alter response allocation in food-seeking behavior Neuroscience 152 2 321 330 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjs1Kqtb4%3D 18272291 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.12.034
    • (2008) Neuroscience , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. 321-330
    • Farrar, A.M.1    Font, L.2    Pereira, M.3    Mingote, S.4    Bunce, J.G.5    Chrobak, J.J.6    Salamone, J.D.7
  • 42
  • 44
    • 33845641331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition and management of neuropsychiatric complications in Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1503/cmaj.060542
    • F Ferreri C Agbokou S Gauthier 2006 Recognition and management of neuropsychiatric complications in Parkinson's disease CMAJ 175 12 1545 1552 17146092 (Pubitemid 44955118)
    • (2006) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.175 , Issue.12 , pp. 1545-1552
    • Ferreri, F.1    Agbokou, C.2    Gauthier, S.3
  • 46
    • 61449189852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors in an APPswe/PS1 bigenic model of Alzheimer's disease
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXktlKkurw%3D 19077180 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2008.00453.x
    • M Filali R Lalonde S Rivest 2009 Cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors in an APPswe/PS1 bigenic model of Alzheimer's disease Genes Brain Behav 8 2 143 148 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXktlKkurw%3D 19077180 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2008.00453.x
    • (2009) Genes Brain Behav , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-148
    • Filali, M.1    Lalonde, R.2    Rivest, S.3
  • 49
    • 34249803222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality traits distinguishing dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer disease
    • DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000263131.80945.ad, PII 0000611420070529000004
    • JE Galvin H Malcom D Johnson JC Morris 2007 Personality traits distinguishing dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer disease Neurology. 68 1895 1901 17536045 10.1212/01.wnl.0000263131.80945.ad (Pubitemid 46848621)
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , Issue.22 , pp. 1895-1901
    • Galvin, J.E.1    Malcom, H.2    Johnson, D.3    Morris, J.C.4
  • 50
    • 34248341709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EXACT: Rivastigmine improves the high prevalence of attention deficits and mood and behaviour symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01387.x
    • S Gauthier A Juby B Rehel R Schecter 2007 EXACT: rivastigmine improves the high prevalence of attention deficits and mood and behaviour symptoms in Alzheimer's disease Int J Clin Pract 61 6 886 895 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnsFSktL0%3D 17504350 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01387.x (Pubitemid 46744076)
    • (2007) International Journal of Clinical Practice , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 886-895
    • Gauthier, S.1    Juby, A.2    Rehel, B.3    Schecter, R.4
  • 51
    • 0036249285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coma and thyroid storm in apathetic thyrotoxicosis
    • MW Ghobrial EB Ruby 2002 Coma and thyroid storm in apathetic thyrotoxicosis South Med J 95 5 552 554 12005017 (Pubitemid 34492345)
    • (2002) Southern Medical Journal , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 552-554
    • Ghobrial, M.W.1    Ruby, E.B.2
  • 53
    • 0028224652 scopus 로고
    • Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics
    • DOI 10.1016/0165-0173(94)90011-6
    • AH Gouliaev A Senning 1994 Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics Brain Res Brain Res Rev 19 2 180 222 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmsVClsrc%3D 8061686 10.1016/0165-0173(94)90011-6 (Pubitemid 24150318)
    • (1994) Brain Research Reviews , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 180-222
    • Gouliaev, A.H.1    Senning, A.2
  • 54
    • 60449103484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The subthalamic nucleus is a key-structure of limbic basal ganglia functions
    • 19157719 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.07.065
    • C Haegelen T Rouaud P Darnault X Morandi 2009 The subthalamic nucleus is a key-structure of limbic basal ganglia functions Med Hypotheses 72 4 421 426 19157719 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.07.065
    • (2009) Med Hypotheses , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-426
    • Haegelen, C.1    Rouaud, T.2    Darnault, P.3    Morandi, X.4
  • 56
    • 0030222004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the subacute administration of nefiracetam on abnormal behavior in aged rats
    • DOI 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00235-9
    • M Hasegawa S Nakayama H Kinoshita M Amano K Yamada T Hasegawa T Nabeshima 1996 Effects of the subacute administration of nefiracetam on abnormal behavior in aged rats Behav Brain Res 78 2 93 100 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xls1Cqs78%3D 8864041 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00235-9 (Pubitemid 26252878)
    • (1996) Behavioural Brain Research , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-100
    • Hasegawa, M.1    Nakayama, S.2    Kinoshita, H.3    Amano, M.4    Yamada, K.5    Hasegawa, T.6    Nabeshima, T.7
  • 57
    • 0036166987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nefiracetam improves the impairment of local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization after chronic focal cerebral ischemia in rats
    • DOI 10.1159/000056160
    • J Jin S Watabe T Yamamoto 2002 Nefiracetam improves the impairment of local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization after chronic focal cerebral ischemia in rats Pharmacology 64 119 125 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhtVCnsb0%3D 11834887 10.1159/000056160 (Pubitemid 34136852)
    • (2002) Pharmacology , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 119-125
    • Jin, J.1    Watabe, S.2    Yamamoto, T.3
  • 58
    • 0033036225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe psychopathology: Mania, depression, confabulation, catatonia, perseveration, obsessive compulsions, and schizophrenia
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzkvVyquw%3D%3D 10420428
    • R Joseph 1999 Frontal lobe psychopathology: mania, depression, confabulation, catatonia, perseveration, obsessive compulsions, and schizophrenia Psychiatry 62 2 138 172 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzkvVyquw%3D%3D 10420428
    • (1999) Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 138-172
    • Joseph, R.1
  • 59
    • 0033595496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative psychiatric effects of antiepileptic drugs in patients with seizure disorders
    • TA Ketter RM Post WH Theodore 1999 Positive and negative psychiatric effects of antiepileptic drugs in patients with seizure disorders Neurology 53 5 Suppl 2 53 67
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.5 SUPPL. 2 , pp. 53-67
    • Ketter, T.A.1    Post, R.M.2    Theodore, W.H.3
  • 60
    • 0041706378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy in schizophrenia: Clinical correlates and association with functional outcome
    • DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00433-4
    • M Kiang BK Christensen G Remington S Kapur 2003 Apathy in schizophrenia: clinical correlates and association with functional outcome Schizophr Res 63 79 88 12892861 10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00433-4 (Pubitemid 36929849)
    • (2003) Schizophrenia Research , vol.63 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 79-88
    • Kiang, M.1    Christensen, B.K.2    Remington, G.3    Kapur, S.4
  • 61
    • 39149099116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural problems in Huntington's disease using the Problem Behaviours Assessment
    • DOI 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.11.005, PII S0163834307002265
    • EM Kingma E van Duijn R Timman RC van der Mast RA Roos 2008 Behavioural problems in Huntington's disease using the Problem Behaviours Assessment Gen Hosp Psychiatry 30 2 155 161 18291297 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.11.005 (Pubitemid 351255558)
    • (2008) General Hospital Psychiatry , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-161
    • Kingma, E.M.1    Van Duijn, E.2    Timman, R.3    Van Der Mast, R.C.4    Roos, R.A.C.5
  • 62
    • 33746853543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating apathy and depression in Parkinson disease
    • DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000230572.07791.22, PII 0000611420060711000012
    • L Kirsch-Darrow HH Fernandez M Marsiske MS Okun D Bowers 2006 Dissociating apathy and depression in Parkinson disease Neurology 67 33 38 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28vhtFektg%3D%3D 16832074 10.1212/01.wnl.0000230572.07791.22 (Pubitemid 44305458)
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-38
    • Kirsch-Darrow, L.1    Fernandez, H.F.2    Marsiske, M.3    Okun, M.S.4    Bowers, D.5
  • 63
    • 67651174512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How cautious should we be when assessing apathy with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale?
    • 19185011 10.1002/mds.22437
    • L Kirsch-Darrow LB Zahodne C Hass A Mikos MS Okun HH Fernandez D Bowers 2009 How cautious should we be when assessing apathy with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale? Mov Disord 24 5 684 688 19185011 10.1002/mds.22437
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 684-688
    • Kirsch-Darrow, L.1    Zahodne, L.B.2    Hass, C.3    Mikos, A.4    Okun, M.S.5    Fernandez, H.H.6    Bowers, D.7
  • 64
    • 57049121696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease without dementia
    • Trapecio Group Study. 18709682 10.1002/mds.22246
    • J Kulisevsky J Pagonabarraga B Pascual-Sedano C GarcÌa-Sanchez A Gironell Trapecio Group Study 2008 Prevalence and correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease without dementia Mov Disord 23 13 1889 1896 18709682 10.1002/mds.22246
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , Issue.13 , pp. 1889-1896
    • Kulisevsky, J.1    Pagonabarraga, J.2    Pascual-Sedano, B.3    Garcìa-Sanchez, C.4    Gironell, A.5
  • 67
    • 85047696184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of apathy, dysphoria, and depression in relation to dementia severity in Alzheimer's disease
    • DOI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17.3.342
    • AM Landes SD Sperry ME Strauss 2005 Prevalence of apathy, dysphoria, and depression in relation to dementia severity in Alzheimer's disease J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 17 342 349 16179656 (Pubitemid 46179297)
    • (2005) Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 342-349
    • Landes, A.M.1    Sperry, S.D.2    Strauss, M.E.3
  • 68
    • 70349097735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for apathy after traumatic brain injury
    • Lane-Brown A, Tate R (2009) Interventions for apathy after traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Apr 15(2):CD006341
    • (2009) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Apr , vol.15 , Issue.2
    • Lane-Brown, A.1    Tate, R.2
  • 69
    • 8844287467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychiatry of Parkinson's disease and related disorders
    • DOI 10.1016/j.psc.2004.07.001, PII S0193953X04000620, Addictive Disorders
    • EC Lauterbach 2004 The neuropsychiatry of Parkinson's disease and related disorders Psychiatr Clin North Am 27 801 825 15550293 10.1016/j.psc.2004.07.001 (Pubitemid 39535129)
    • (2004) Psychiatric Clinics of North America , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 801-825
    • Lauterbach, E.C.1
  • 70
    • 34447123253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical characteristics of geriatric apathy and depression: A magnetic resonance imaging study
    • 17463189 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3180325a16
    • H Lavretsky M Ballmaier D Pham A Toga A Kumar 2007 Neuroanatomical characteristics of geriatric apathy and depression: a magnetic resonance imaging study Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15 5 386 394 17463189 10.1097/JGP. 0b013e3180325a16
    • (2007) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 386-394
    • Lavretsky, H.1    Ballmaier, M.2    Pham, D.3    Toga, A.4    Kumar, A.5
  • 71
    • 67649307023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent apathy in Alzheimer's disease as an independent factor of rapid functional decline: The REAL longitudinal cohort study
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M3ivFeqsQ%3D%3D 18814198 10.1002/gps.2125
    • L Lechowski M Benoit P Chassagne I Vedel D Tortrat L Teillet B Vellas 2009 Persistent apathy in Alzheimer's disease as an independent factor of rapid functional decline: the REAL longitudinal cohort study Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 24 4 341 346 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M3ivFeqsQ%3D%3D 18814198 10.1002/gps.2125
    • (2009) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 341-346
    • Lechowski, L.1    Benoit, M.2    Chassagne, P.3    Vedel, I.4    Tortrat, D.5    Teillet, L.6    Vellas, B.7
  • 73
    • 60349118998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pramipexole on mood and motivational symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXksl2rsb0%3D 19243709 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.01.012
    • AF Leentjens J Koester B Fruh DT Shephard P Barone JJ Houben 2009 The effect of pramipexole on mood and motivational symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies Clin Ther 31 1 89 98 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXksl2rsb0%3D 19243709 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.01.012
    • (2009) Clin Ther , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-98
    • Leentjens, A.F.1    Koester, J.2    Fruh, B.3    Shephard, D.T.4    Barone, P.5    Houben, J.J.6
  • 74
    • 33751539529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and the basal ganglia
    • R Levy V Czernecki 2006 Apathy and the basal ganglia J Neurol 253 Suppl 7 54 61
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 54-61
    • Levy, R.1    Czernecki, V.2
  • 75
    • 33745595886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and the functional anatomy of the prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia circuits
    • DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhj043
    • R Levy B Dubois 2006 Apathy and the functional anatomy of the prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia circuits Cereb Cortex 16 916 928 16207933 10.1093/cercor/bhj043 (Pubitemid 43992442)
    • (2006) Cerebral Cortex , vol.16 , Issue.7 , pp. 916-928
    • Levy, R.1    Dubois, B.2
  • 77
    • 34447119554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a short version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale specifically adapted for demented nursing home residents
    • 17463188 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3180437db3
    • U Lueken U Seidl L Völker E Schweiger A Kruse J Schröder 2007 Development of a short version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale specifically adapted for demented nursing home residents Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15 5 376 378 17463188 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3180437db3
    • (2007) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 376-378
    • Lueken, U.1    Seidl, U.2    Völker, L.3    Schweiger, E.4    Kruse, A.5    Schröder, J.6
  • 78
    • 0028576374 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nefiracetam (DM-9384), a pyrrolidone derivative, on brain monoamine systems
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjt1yjs7c%3D 7535993
    • J Luthman E Lindqvist H Kojima T Shiotani M Tanaka H Tachizawa L Olson 1994 Effects of nefiracetam (DM-9384), a pyrrolidone derivative, on brain monoamine systems Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 328 2 125 144 1:CAS:528: DyaK2MXjt1yjs7c%3D 7535993
    • (1994) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther , vol.328 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-144
    • Luthman, J.1    Lindqvist, E.2    Kojima, H.3    Shiotani, T.4    Tanaka, M.5    Tachizawa, H.6    Olson, L.7
  • 79
    • 0027770060 scopus 로고
    • Stability of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia
    • AK Malla RM Norman P Williamson 1993 Stability of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia Can J Psychiatry 38 9 617 621 1:STN:280: DyaK2c7jvVyhtg%3D%3D 8306235 (Pubitemid 24028437)
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 617-621
    • Malla, A.K.1    Norman, R.M.G.2    Williamson, P.3
  • 80
    • 15044359101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of rating scales for measuring behavior change due to frontal systems damage
    • DOI 10.1097/01.wnn.0000152232.47901.88
    • P Malloy J Grace 2005 A review of rating scales for measuring behavior change due to frontal systems damage Cogn Behav Neurol 18 1 18 27 15761273 10.1097/01.wnn.0000152232.47901.88 (Pubitemid 40381366)
    • (2005) Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-27
    • Malloy, P.1    Grace, J.2
  • 81
    • 0036247179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine in the treatment of apathy in previously depressed participants maintained with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: An open-label, flexible-dose study
    • LB Marangell CR Johnson B Kertz HA Zboyan JM Martinez 2002 Olanzapine in the treatment of apathy in previously depressed participants maintained with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: an open-label, flexible-dose study J Clin Psychiatry 63 5 391 395 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XksVCjt7g%3D 12019662 (Pubitemid 34507215)
    • (2002) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 391-395
    • Marangell, L.B.1    Johnson, C.R.2    Kertz, B.3    Zboyan, H.A.4    Martinez, J.M.5
  • 82
    • 0025156861 scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy
    • RS Marin 1990 Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy Am J Psychiatry 147 1 22 30 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FoslWgsA%3D%3D 2403472 (Pubitemid 20025502)
    • (1990) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.147 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-30
    • Marin, R.S.1
  • 83
    • 0002397145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy: Concept, syndrome, neural mechanisms, and treatment
    • 10320433
    • RS Marin 1996 Apathy: concept, syndrome, neural mechanisms, and treatment Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1 304 314 10320433
    • (1996) Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry , vol.1 , pp. 304-314
    • Marin, R.S.1
  • 85
    • 0025819733 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FpsVSnug%3D%3D 1754629 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90040-V
    • RS Marin RC Biedrzycki S Firinciogullari 1991 Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale Psychiatry Res 38 2 143 162 1:STN:280: DyaK38%2FpsVSnug%3D%3D 1754629 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90040-V
    • (1991) Psychiatry Res , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-162
    • Marin, R.S.1    Biedrzycki, R.C.2    Firinciogullari, S.3
  • 88
    • 34447260479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography metabolic correlates of apathy in Alzheimer disease
    • DOI 10.1001/archneur.64.7.1015
    • GA Marshall L Monserratt D Harwood M Mandelkern JL Cummings DL Sultzer 2007 Positron emission tomography metabolic correlates of apathy in Alzheimer disease Arch Neurol 64 7 1015 1020 17620493 10.1001/archneur.64.7.1015 (Pubitemid 47048003)
    • (2007) Archives of Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.7 , pp. 1015-1020
    • Marshall, G.A.1    Monserratt, L.2    Harwood, D.3    Mandelkern, M.4    Cummings, J.L.5    Sultzer, D.L.6
  • 90
    • 70349686908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal view of apathy and its Impact after stroke
    • 19713543 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.554410
    • NE Mayo LK Fellows SC Scott J Cameron S Wood-Dauphinee 2009 A longitudinal view of apathy and its Impact after stroke Stroke 40 10 3299 3307 19713543 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.554410
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.10 , pp. 3299-3307
    • Mayo, N.E.1    Fellows, L.K.2    Scott, S.C.3    Cameron, J.4    Wood-Dauphinee, S.5
  • 91
    • 0034305580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzgslWitw%3D%3D 11291024 10.1053/scnp.2000.9557
    • TW McAllister 2000 Apathy Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 5 275 282 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzgslWitw%3D%3D 11291024 10.1053/scnp.2000.9557
    • (2000) Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry , vol.5 , pp. 275-282
    • McAllister, T.W.1
  • 92
    • 85047685833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANPA Committee on Research. An evidence-based review of the psychopathology of frontotemporal dementia: A report of the ANPA Committee on Research
    • 18451185
    • MF Mendez EC Lauterbach SM Sampson 2008 ANPA Committee on Research. An evidence-based review of the psychopathology of frontotemporal dementia: a report of the ANPA Committee on Research J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20 2 130 149 18451185
    • (2008) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 130-149
    • Mendez, M.F.1    Lauterbach, E.C.2    Sampson, S.M.3
  • 93
    • 17944362144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfusion brain SPECT and statistical parametric mapping analysis indicate that apathy is a cingulate syndrome: A study in Alzheimer's disease and nondemented patients
    • DOI 10.1006/nimg.2000.0741
    • O Migneco M Benoit PM Koulibaly I Dygai C Bertogliati P Desvignes PH Robert G Malandain F Bussiere J Darcourt 2001 Perfusion brain SPECT and statistical parametric mapping analysis indicate that apathy is a cingulate syndrome: a study in Alzheimer's disease and non-demented patients Neuroimage 13 896 902 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzpsFejtg%3D%3D 11304085 10.1006/nimg.2000.0741 (Pubitemid 32848334)
    • (2001) NeuroImage , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 896-902
    • Migneco, O.1    Benoit, M.2    Koulibaly, P.M.3    Dygai, I.4    Bertogliati, C.5    Desvignes, P.6    Robert, P.H.7    Malandain, G.8    Bussiere, F.9    Darcourt, J.10
  • 94
    • 34547565153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and management of apathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • DOI 10.2165/00002512-200724070-00003
    • R Mizrahi SE Starkstein 2007 Epidemiology and management of apathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease Drugs Aging 24 7 547 554 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXhtVeqtLnN 17658906 10.2165/00002512-200724070-00003 (Pubitemid 47195674)
    • (2007) Drugs and Aging , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 547-554
    • Mizrahi, R.1    Starkstein, S.E.2
  • 95
    • 33846407216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nefiracetam potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function via protein kinase C activation and reduces magnesium block of NMDA receptor
    • DOI 10.1124/mol.106.027607
    • S Moriguchi N Shioda H Maejima X Zhao W Marszalec JZ Yeh K Fukunaga T Narahashi 2007 Nefiracetam potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function via protein kinase C activation and reduces magnesium block of NMDA receptor Mol Pharmacol 71 2 580 587 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVWrsLs%3D 17095583 10.1124/mol.106.027607 (Pubitemid 46147922)
    • (2007) Molecular Pharmacology , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 580-587
    • Moriguchi, S.1    Shioda, N.2    Maejima, H.3    Zhao, X.4    Marszalec, W.5    Yeh, J.Z.6    Fukunaga, K.7    Narahashi, T.8
  • 96
    • 79751533876 scopus 로고
    • Post stroke behavioral abnormalities treated with nefiracetam (DM9384)
    • Japanese
    • E Ohtomo 1994 Post stroke behavioral abnormalities treated with nefiracetam (DM9384) Igaku No Ayumi [J Clin Exp Med] 170 9 777 816 Japanese
    • (1994) Igaku No Ayumi [J Clin Exp Med] , vol.170 , Issue.9 , pp. 777-816
    • Ohtomo, E.1
  • 97
    • 0031440777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poststroke apathy and regional cerebral blood flow
    • K Okada S Kobayashi S Yamagata K Takahashi S Yamaguchi 1997 Poststroke apathy and regional cerebral blood flow Stroke 28 12 2437 2441 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FnsVWjtg%3D%3D 9412628 (Pubitemid 28007646)
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , Issue.12 , pp. 2437-2441
    • Okada, K.1    Kobayashi, S.2    Yamagata, S.3    Takahashi, K.4    Yamaguchi, S.5
  • 98
    • 33847346003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modafinil therapy for apathy in an elderly patient
    • DOI 10.1345/aph.1H302
    • PR Padala WJ Burke SC Bhatia 2007 Modafinil therapy for apathy in an elderly patient Ann Pharmacother 41 2 346 349 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjsF2ktbY%3D 17264158 10.1345/aph.1H302 (Pubitemid 46340067)
    • (2007) Annals of Pharmacotherapy , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 346-349
    • Padala, P.R.1    Burke, W.J.2    Bhatia, S.C.3
  • 100
    • 41449113936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) section I as a screening and diagnostic instrument for apathy in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.07.015, PII S135380200700123X
    • KF Pedersen JP Larsen D Aarsland 2008 Validation of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) section I as a screening and diagnostic instrument for apathy in patients with Parkinson's disease Parkinsonism Relat Disord 14 3 183 186 17889589 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.07.015 (Pubitemid 351458418)
    • (2008) Parkinsonism and Related Disorders , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-186
    • Pedersen, K.F.1    Larsen, J.P.2    Aarsland, D.3
  • 101
    • 64249116690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease: A community-based study
    • 18801696 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.07.006
    • KF Pedersen JP Larsen G Alves D Aarsland 2009 Prevalence and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease: a community-based study Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15 4 295 299 18801696 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.07.006
    • (2009) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 295-299
    • Pedersen, K.F.1    Larsen, J.P.2    Alves, G.3    Aarsland, D.4
  • 103
    • 0036904301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy in Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1136/jnnp.73.6.636
    • GC Pluck RG Brown 2002 Apathy in Parkinson's disease J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73 6 636 642 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38nnvVGksA%3D%3D 12438462 10.1136/jnnp.73.6.636 (Pubitemid 35448846)
    • (2002) Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.73 , Issue.6 , pp. 636-642
    • Pluck, G.C.1    Brown, R.G.2
  • 105
    • 67349105922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between motor subtypes and psychopathology in Parkinson's disease
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MzkslKjsw%3D%3D 18977165 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.09. 003
    • JS Reijnders U Ehrt R Lousberg D Aarsland AF Leentjens 2009 The association between motor subtypes and psychopathology in Parkinson's disease Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15 5 379 382 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MzkslKjsw%3D%3D 18977165 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.09.003
    • (2009) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 379-382
    • Reijnders, J.S.1    Ehrt, U.2    Lousberg, R.3    Aarsland, D.4    Leentjens, A.F.5
  • 106
    • 20444477480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression in Parkinson's disease: Loss of dopamine and noradrenaline innervation in the limbic system
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awh445
    • P Remy M Doder A Lees N Turjanski D Brooks 2005 Depression in Parkinson's disease: loss of dopamine and noradrenaline innervation in the limbic system Brain 128 Pt 6 1314 1322 15716302 10.1093/brain/awh445 (Pubitemid 40826185)
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.6 , pp. 1314-1322
    • Remy, P.1    Doder, M.2    Lees, A.3    Turjanski, N.4    Brooks, D.5
  • 109
    • 33750725427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer's disease. A one-year follow-up study
    • DOI 10.1016/j.clineuro.2006.02.003, PII S0303846706000278
    • PH Robert C Berr M Volteau C Bertogliati M Benoit M Sarazin S Legrain B Dubois the PréAL study 2006 Apathy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer's disease: a one-year follow-up study Clin Neurol Neurosurg 108 733 736 16567037 10.1016/j.clineuro.2006.02.003 (Pubitemid 44709787)
    • (2006) Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery , vol.108 , Issue.8 , pp. 733-736
    • Robert, P.H.1    Berr, C.2    Volteau, M.3    Bertogliati, C.4    Benoit, M.5    Sarazin, M.6    Legrain, S.7    Dubois, B.8
  • 111
    • 0017739370 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment following experimental cerebral infarction: implications for understanding psychological symptoms of human stroke
    • RG Robinson FE Bloom 1977 Pharmacological treatment following experimental cerebral infarction: implications for understanding psychological symptoms of human stroke Biol Psychiatry 12 5 669 680 1:CAS:528: DyaE1cXitVWkug%3D%3D 588647 (Pubitemid 8225387)
    • (1977) Biological Psychiatry , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 669-680
    • Robinson, R.G.1    Bloom, F.E.2
  • 112
    • 67749124212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind treatment of apathy in patients with poststroke depression using nefiracetam
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1yntrjL 19622685
    • RG Robinson RE Jorge K Clarence-Smith S Starkstein 2009 Double-blind treatment of apathy in patients with poststroke depression using nefiracetam J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 21 144 151 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1yntrjL 19622685
    • (2009) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 144-151
    • Robinson, R.G.1    Jorge, R.E.2    Clarence-Smith, K.3    Starkstein, S.4
  • 113
    • 70350517148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are cholinesterase inhibitors effective in the management of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer's disease? A systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled trials of donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine
    • 19538824 10.1017/S1041610209990354
    • J Rodda S Morgan Z Walker 2009 Are cholinesterase inhibitors effective in the management of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer's disease? A systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled trials of donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine Int Psychogeriatr 21 5 813 824 19538824 10.1017/S1041610209990354
    • (2009) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 813-824
    • Rodda, J.1    Morgan, S.2    Walker, Z.3
  • 115
    • 27644524476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural disorders in dementia
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awh628
    • HJ Rosen SC Allison GF Schauer ML Gorno-Tempini MW Weiner BL Miller 2005 Neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural disorders in dementia Brain 128 11 2612 2625 16195246 10.1093/brain/awh628 (Pubitemid 41552946)
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.11 , pp. 2612-2625
    • Rosen, H.J.1    Allison, S.C.2    Schauer, G.F.3    Gorno-Tempini, M.L.4    Weiner, M.W.5    Miller, B.L.6
  • 116
    • 1442264403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy in Schizophrenia: Reduced Frontal Lobe Volume and Neuropsychological Deficits
    • DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.157
    • RM Roth LA Flashman AJ Saykin TW McAllister R Vidaver 2004 Apathy in schizophrenia: reduced frontal lobe volume and neuropsychological deficits Am J Psychiatry 161 157 159 14702265 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.157 (Pubitemid 38419322)
    • (2004) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 157-159
    • Roth, R.M.1    Flashman, L.A.2    Saykin, A.J.3    McAllister, T.W.4    Vidaver, R.5
  • 118
    • 33947525226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting roles for cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex in decisions and social behaviour
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2007.01.004, PII S1364661307000538
    • MF Rushworth TE Behrens PH Rudebeck ME Walton 2007 Contrasting roles for cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex in decisions and social behaviour Trends Cogn Sci 11 4 168 176 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s7pt1ahtA%3D%3D 17337237 10.1016/j.tics.2007. 01.004 (Pubitemid 46467492)
    • (2007) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 168-176
    • Rushworth, M.F.S.1    Behrens, T.E.J.2    Rudebeck, P.H.3    Walton, M.E.4
  • 119
    • 0032562553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nefiracetam elevates extracellular acetylcholine level in the frontal cortex of rats with cerebral cholinergic dysfunctions: An in vivo microdialysis study
    • DOI 10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00244-4, PII S0304394098002444
    • T Sakurai T Kato K Mori E Takano S Watabe T Nabeshima 1998 Nefiracetam elevates extracellular acetylcholine level in the frontal cortex of rats with cerebral cholinergic dysfunctions: an in vivo microdialysis study Neurosci Lett 246 2 69 72 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitlSqt7c%3D 9627182 10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00244-4 (Pubitemid 28207078)
    • (1998) Neuroscience Letters , vol.246 , Issue.2 , pp. 69-72
    • Sakurai, T.1    Kato, T.2    Mori, K.3    Takano, E.4    Watabe, S.5    Nabeshima, T.6
  • 120
    • 27744570633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of neuropsychiatric symptoms and environment with quality of life in assisted living residents with dementia
    • Samus QM, Rosenblatt A, Steele C, Baker A, Harper M, Brandt J, Mayer L, Rabins PV, Lyketsos CG (2005) The association of neuropsychiatric symptoms and environment with quality of life in assisted living residents with dementia. Gerontologist 45 Spec No 1(1):19-26 (Pubitemid 41606919)
    • (2005) Gerontologist , vol.45 , Issue.SPEC. ISS. 1 , pp. 19-26
    • Samus, Q.M.1    Rosenblatt, A.2    Steele, C.3    Baker, A.4    Harper, M.5    Brandt, J.6    Mayer, L.7    Rabins, P.V.8    Lyketsos, C.G.9
  • 121
    • 59149084234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and functional recovery following first-ever stroke
    • 19008681 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f0e
    • N Santa H Sugimori K Kusuda Y Yamashita S Ibayashi M Iida 2008 Apathy and functional recovery following first-ever stroke Int J Rehabil Res 31 4 321 326 19008681 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f0e
    • (2008) Int J Rehabil Res , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 321-326
    • Santa, N.1    Sugimori, H.2    Kusuda, K.3    Yamashita, Y.4    Ibayashi, S.5    Iida, M.6
  • 122
    • 67649171309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor on irritability, apathy, and psychotic symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFentbbJ 19422762 10.4088/JCP.08m04828
    • H Siddique LS Hynan MF Weiner 2009 Effect of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor on irritability, apathy, and psychotic symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease J Clin Psychiatry 70 6 915 918 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFentbbJ 19422762 10.4088/JCP.08m04828
    • (2009) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 915-918
    • Siddique, H.1    Hynan, L.S.2    Weiner, M.F.3
  • 123
    • 33646897697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Lille apathy rating scale (LARS), a new instrument for detecting and quantifying apathy: Validation in Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1136/jnnp.2005.075929
    • P Sockeel K Dujardin D Devos C Deneve A Destee L Defebvre 2006 The Lille apathy rating scale (LARS), a new instrument for detecting and quantifying apathy: validation in Parkinson's disease J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77 5 579 584 1:STN:280:DC%2BD283ltFKmtQ%3D%3D 16614016 10.1136/jnnp.2005.075929 (Pubitemid 43844578)
    • (2006) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 579-584
    • Sockeel, P.1    Dujardin, K.2    Devos, D.3    Deneve, C.4    Destee, A.5    Defebvre, L.6
  • 124
    • 67749089224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy due to cerebrovascular accidents successfully treated with methylphenidate: A case series
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1yntrjE 19622693
    • DR Spiegel J Kim K Greene C Conner D Zamfir 2009 Apathy due to cerebrovascular accidents successfully treated with methylphenidate: a case series J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 21 2 216 219 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1yntrjE 19622693
    • (2009) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 216-219
    • Spiegel, D.R.1    Kim, J.2    Greene, K.3    Conner, C.4    Zamfir, D.5
  • 125
    • 53149124795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nosological position of apathy in clinical practice
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cngs1yksw%3D%3D 18187477 10.1136/jnnp.2007.136895
    • SE Starkstein AF Leentjens 2008 The nosological position of apathy in clinical practice J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79 10 1088 1092 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cngs1yksw%3D%3D 18187477 10.1136/jnnp.2007.136895
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , Issue.10 , pp. 1088-1092
    • Starkstein, S.E.1    Leentjens, A.F.2
  • 126
    • 38049080654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale: Validation study of the mentation, behavior, and mood section
    • 17721877 10.1002/mds.21521
    • SE Starkstein M Merello 2007 The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale: validation study of the mentation, behavior, and mood section Mov Disord 22 15 2156 2161 17721877 10.1002/mds.21521
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , Issue.15 , pp. 2156-2161
    • Starkstein, S.E.1    Merello, M.2
  • 129
    • 0034965250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syndromic validity of apathy in Alzheimer's disease
    • DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.872
    • SE Starkstein G Petracca E Chemerinski J Kremer 2001 Syndromic validity of apathy in Alzheimer's disease Am J Psychiatry 158 6 872 877 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzhtFCgtw%3D%3D 11384893 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.872 (Pubitemid 32547615)
    • (2001) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.158 , Issue.6 , pp. 872-877
    • Starkstein, S.E.1    Petracca, G.2    Chemerinski, E.3    Kremer, J.4
  • 131
    • 67651177762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The syndromal validity and nosological position of apathy in Parkinson's disease
    • 19412942 10.1002/mds.22577
    • SE Starkstein M Merello R Jorge S Brockman D Bruce B Power 2009 The syndromal validity and nosological position of apathy in Parkinson's disease Mov Disord 24 8 1211 1216 19412942 10.1002/mds.22577
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , Issue.8 , pp. 1211-1216
    • Starkstein, S.E.1    Merello, M.2    Jorge, R.3    Brockman, S.4    Bruce, D.5    Power, B.6
  • 132
    • 0038204317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe)
    • DOI 10.1177/1073191102250339
    • JC Stout RE Ready J Grace PF Malloy JS Paulsen 2003 Factor analysis of the frontal systems behavior scale (FrSBe) Assessment 10 1 79 85 12675387 10.1177/1073191102250339 (Pubitemid 44534450)
    • (2003) Assessment , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-85
    • Stout, J.C.1    Ready, R.E.2    Grace, J.3    Malloy, P.F.4    Paulsen, J.S.5
  • 134
    • 34249932006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine for behavioral disturbances in frontotemporal dementia: A case series
    • DOI 10.1097/WAD.0b013e318047df5d, PII 0000209320070400000016
    • MM Swanberg 2007 Memantine for behavioral disturbances in frontotemporal
    • (2007) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 164-166
    • Swanberg, M.M.1
  • 135
    • 67649703949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression and apathy in dementia: Same syndrome or different constructs? A critical review
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MvnvV2ntQ%3D%3D 19022508 10.1016/j.archger.2008.09.002
    • P Tagariello P Girardi M Amore 2009 Depression and apathy in dementia: same syndrome or different constructs? A critical review Arch Gerontol Geriatr 49 2 246 249 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MvnvV2ntQ%3D%3D 19022508 10.1016/j.archger.2008. 09.002
    • (2009) Arch Gerontol Geriatr , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 246-249
    • Tagariello, P.1    Girardi, P.2    Amore, M.3
  • 137
    • 0037293506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A possible mechanism for improvement by a cognition-enhancer nefiracetam of spatial memory function and cAMP-mediated signal transduction system in sustained cerebral ischaemia in rats
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705096
    • S Takeo M Niimura K Miyake-Takagi A Nagakura T Fukatsu T Ando N Takagi K Tanonaka J Hara 2003 A possible mechanism for improvement by a cognition-enhancer nefiracetam of spatial memory function and cAMP-mediated signal transduction system in sustained cerebral ischaemia in rats Br J Pharmacol 138 4 642 654 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitlCktr8%3D 12598418 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705096 (Pubitemid 36315312)
    • (2003) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.138 , Issue.4 , pp. 642-654
    • Takeo, S.1    Niimura, M.2    Miyake-Takagi, K.3    Nagakura, A.4    Fukatsu, T.5    Ando, T.6    Takagi, N.7    Tanonaka, K.8    Hara, J.9
  • 138
    • 0036704933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits and clinical neuropsychiatry: An update
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00428-2, PII S0022399902004282
    • S Tekin JL Cummings 2002 Frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits and clinical neuropsychiatry: an update J Psychosom Res 53 2 647 654 12169339 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00428-2 (Pubitemid 36292444)
    • (2002) Journal of Psychosomatic Research , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 647-654
    • Tekin, S.1    Cummings, J.L.2
  • 143
    • 0037203442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal Systems Behavior Scale in schizophrenia: Relationships with psychiatric symptomatology, cognition and adaptive function
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-1781(02)00264-0, PII S0165178102002640
    • DI Velligan JL Ritch D Sui M DiCocco CD Huntzinger 2002 Frontal Systems Behavior Scale in schizophrenia: relationships with psychiatric symptomatology, cognition and adaptive function Psychiatry Res 113 3 227 236 12559479 10.1016/S0165-1781(02)00264-0 (Pubitemid 36136045)
    • (2002) Psychiatry Research , vol.113 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-236
    • Velligan, D.I.1    Ritch, J.L.2    Sui, D.3    DiCocco, M.4    Huntzinger, C.D.5
  • 144
    • 63349093869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential impact of apathy and depression in the development of dementia in mild cognitive impairment patients
    • 19339777 10.1159/000210045
    • B Vicini Chilovi M Conti M Zanetti I Mazzu L Rozzini A Padovani 2009 Differential impact of apathy and depression in the development of dementia in mild cognitive impairment patients Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 27 4 390 398 19339777 10.1159/000210045
    • (2009) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 390-398
    • Vicini Chilovi, B.1    Conti, M.2    Zanetti, M.3    Mazzu, I.4    Rozzini, L.5    Padovani, A.6
  • 145
    • 84963253902 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of higher-order cognitive deficits after brain hypoxia or frontomedial vascular lesions
    • 10.1207/s15324826an0101&2-2
    • DY von Cramon G Matthes-von Cramon 1994 Recovery of higher-order cognitive deficits after brain hypoxia or frontomedial vascular lesions Appl Neuropsychol 1 1-2 2 7 10.1207/s15324826an0101&2-2
    • (1994) Appl Neuropsychol , vol.1 , Issue.12 , pp. 2-7
    • Von Cramon, D.Y.1    Matthes-Von Cramon, G.2
  • 146
    • 0028230217 scopus 로고
    • Improvement of impaired brain monoamine metabolism by the cognition-enhancing agent nefiracetam after microsphere-induced cerebral embolism in rats
    • S Watabe K Taniguchi H Kojima 1994 Improvement of impaired brain monoamine metabolism by the cognition-enhancing agent nefiracetam after microsphere-induced cerebral embolism in rats Arzneimittelforschung 44 2 195 198 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlsVyqtbc%3D 7517140 (Pubitemid 24107056)
    • (1994) Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-198
    • Watabe, S.1    Taniguchi, K.2    Kojima, H.3
  • 147
    • 2342619394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Psychiatric and Other Nonmotor Symptoms on Disability in Parkinson's Disease
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52219.x
    • D Weintraub PJ Moberg JE Duda IR Katz MB Stern 2004 Effect of psychiatric and other nonmotor symptoms on disability in Parkinson's disease J Am Geriatr Soc 52 5 784 788 15086662 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52219.x (Pubitemid 38596500)
    • (2004) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 784-788
    • Weintraub, D.1    Moberg, P.J.2    Duda, J.E.3    Katz, I.R.4    Stern, M.B.5
  • 148
    • 62549116125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SOD1 and cognitive dysfunction in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjtF2mtrs%3D 19252762 10.1007/s00415-009-0078-0
    • P Wicks S Abrahams B Papps A Al-Chalabi CE Shaw PN Leigh LH Goldstein 2009 SOD1 and cognitive dysfunction in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis J Neurol 256 2 234 241 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjtF2mtrs%3D 19252762 10.1007/s00415-009-0078-0
    • (2009) J Neurol , vol.256 , Issue.2 , pp. 234-241
    • Wicks, P.1    Abrahams, S.2    Papps, B.3    Al-Chalabi, A.4    Shaw, C.E.5    Leigh, P.N.6    Goldstein, L.H.7
  • 149
    • 33947099919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use associates with apathy among depressed elderly: A case-control study
    • DOI 10.1186/1744-859X-6-7
    • N Wongpakaran R van Reekum T Wongpakaran D Clarke 2007 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use associates with apathy among depressed elderly: a case-control study Ann Gen Psychiatry 6 7 17313684 10.1186/1744-859X-6-7 (Pubitemid 46404374)
    • (2007) Annals of General Psychiatry , vol.6 , pp. 7
    • Wongpakaran, N.1    Van Reekum, R.2    Wongpakaran, T.3    Clarke, D.4
  • 150
    • 50249163273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy in dementia: Relations with depression, functional competence, and quality of life
    • 18763441 10.2466/pr0.102.3.718-722
    • CA Yeager L Hyer 2008 Apathy in dementia: relations with depression, functional competence, and quality of life Psychol Rep 102 3 718 722 18763441 10.2466/pr0.102.3.718-722
    • (2008) Psychol Rep , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 718-722
    • Yeager, C.A.1    Hyer, L.2
  • 151
    • 0343673385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanism of action of cognitive enhancers: Effects of nefiracetam on neuronal Ca2+ channels
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktlWrtrc%3D 10850736
    • M Yoshii S Watabe YL Murashima T Nukada T Shiotani 2000 Cellular mechanism of action of cognitive enhancers: effects of nefiracetam on neuronal Ca2+ channels Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 14 Suppl 1 S95 S102 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktlWrtrc%3D 10850736
    • (2000) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Yoshii, M.1    Watabe, S.2    Murashima, Y.L.3    Nukada, T.4    Shiotani, T.5
  • 153
    • 54049108530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia: Insights into their neural correlates
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1crnslCgsw%3D%3D 18765649 10.1212/01.wnl.0000324920. 96835.95
    • G Zamboni ED Huey F Krueger PF Nichelli J Grafman 2008 Apathy and disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia: insights into their neural correlates Neurology 71 10 736 742 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1crnslCgsw%3D%3D 18765649 10.1212/01.wnl.0000324920.96835.95
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , Issue.10 , pp. 736-742
    • Zamboni, G.1    Huey, E.D.2    Krueger, F.3    Nichelli, P.F.4    Grafman, J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.