Apathy and Executive Function in Depressed Elderly

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 112-116

  Marin, Robert S ^a   Butters, Meryl A ^b   Mulsant, Benoit H ^b   Pollock, Bruce G ^b   Reynolds III, Charles F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Apathy; Cardiovascular risk factors; Executive cognitive function; Executive interview; Geriatrics; Major depression

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; AGED; APATHY; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; GERIATRIC PATIENT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; HOSPITALIZATION; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MOOD DISORDER; PERSONALITY TEST; QUESTIONNAIRE;

AGED; COGNITION DISORDERS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MOOD DISORDERS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; WORD ASSOCIATION TESTS;

EID: 0041842682     PISSN: 08919887     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0891988703016002009     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Krishnan K, Ranga R, Hays JC, et al. Clinical and phenomenological comparisons of late-onset and early-onset depression. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:785-788.
2. Cassens G, Wolfe L, Zola M. Neuropsychology of depression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990; 2:202-213.
3. Royall DR. Frontal systems impairment in major depression. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1999; 4(1):13-23.
4. Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, et al. Executive dysfunction and long-term outcomes of geriatric depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57:285-290.
5. Marin RS, Firincigullari S, Biedrzycki RC. Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Psychiatry Res 1991; 38:143-162.
6. Lezak M. Neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
7. Royall DR, Mahurin RK, Gray K. Bedside assessment of executive cognitive impairment: The Executive Interview (EXIT). J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40:1221-1226.
8. Stuss D, Van Reekum R. Apathy. In: Borod JC, ed. The neuropsychology of emotion. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
9. Marin RS, Biedrzycki RC, Firinciogullari S. The sources of convergence between measures of apathy and depression. JAffect Disord 1993; 28:117-124.
10. Levy ML, Cummings L, Fairbanks LA, et al. Apathy is not depression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998; 10:314-319.
11. Starkstein SE, Mayberg HS, Preziosi TJ, et al. Reliability, validity, and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1992; 4:134-139.
12. Castellon SA, Hinkin CH, Wood S, Yarema KT. Apathy, depression, and cognitive performance in HIV-1 infection. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998; 10(3):320-329.
13. Kuzis G, Sabe L, Tiberti C, et al. Neuropsychological correlates of apathy and depression in patients with dementia. Neurology 1999; 52(7):1403-1407.
14. Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, et al. Executive dysfunction and long-term outcomes of geriatric depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57(3):285-290.
15. Kiosses DN, Alexopoulos GS, Murphy C. Symptoms of striatofrontal dysfunction contribute to disability in geriatric depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000; 15(11):992-999.
16. Kiosses DN, Klimstra S, Murphy C, Alexopoulos GS. Executive dysfunction and disability in elderly patients with major depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 9(3):269-274.
17. Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Kapeller P, et al. MRI white matter hyperintensities: three-year follow-up of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. Neurology 1999; 53(1):132-139.
18. Fazekas F, Schmidt R, Kleinert R, et al. The spectrum of age-associated brain abnormalities: their measurement and histopathological correlates. J Neural Transm Suppl 1998; 53:31-39.
19. Krishnan KR, Hays JC, Blazer DG. MRI-defined vascular depression. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154(4):497-501.
20. Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, et al. Clinically defined vascular depression. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154(4):562-565.
21. Duffy JD, Kant R. Treatment strategies in amotivated patients. Psychiatric Ann 1997; 27:44-49.
22. Marin RS. Apathy: concept, syndrome, neural mechanisms, and treatment. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1996; 1(4):304-314.
23. Alexopoulos GS. "The depression-executive dysfunction syndrome of late life": a specific target for D3 agonists? Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 9(1):22-29.
24. Mega MS, Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical circuits and neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 6(4):358-370.
25. Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Nebes R, et al. A 12-week doubleblind randomized comparison of nortriptyline and paroxetine in older depressed inpatients and outpatients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 9:406-414.
26. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview of Axis-I DSM-IV Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P, version 2.0). New York: Biometric Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1994.
27. Miller MD, Paradis CF, Houck PR, et al. Rating chronic medical illness burden in geropsychiatric practice and research: application of the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale., Psychiatry Res 1992; 41(3):237-248.
28. Marin RS. The Apathy Evaluation Scale. In: Handbook of psychiatric measurements. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
29. Benson DF. Psychomotor retardation. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology 1990; 3(1):36-47.
30. Widlocher DJ. Psychomotor retardation: clinical, theoretical, and psychometric aspects. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1983; 6(1):27-40.
31. Mattis S. Dementia Rating Scale (DRS). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1988.
32. Borkowski JG, Benton AL, Spreen O. Word fluency and brain damage. Neuropsychologia 1967; 5:135-140.
33. Craig AH, Cummings JL, Fairbanks L, et al. Cerebral blood flow correlates of apathy in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 1996; 53(11):1116-1120.
34. Schneider LS, Reynolds CF, Lebowitz BD, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late life: results of the NIH Consensus Development Conference. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
35. Marin RS. Apathy and related disorders of diminished motivation. In: LJ Dickstein, MB Riba, JM Oldham, eds. Review of psychiatry, vol 15. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1996:205-242.
36. Fogel BS. The significance of frontal system disorders for medical practice and health policy. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 6(4):343-347.
37. Daffner KR, Mesulam MM, Cohen LG. Mechanisms underlying diminished novelty-seeking behavior in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurocase 1999; 12:58-66.