Effective ice particle densities derived from aircraft data

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 61, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 982-1003

  Heymsfield, Andrew J ^a   Bansemer, Aaron ^a   Schmitt, Carl ^a   Twohy, Cynthia ^b   Poellot, Michael R ^c  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRCRAFT; ICE; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; RADIATION; REMOTE SENSING;

ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENT (ARM); POPULATION DENSITIES;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;

CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; DENSITY; ICE; PARTICLE SIZE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 2442557877     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0982:EIPDDF>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Black, R. A., 1990: Radar reflectivity-ice water content relationships for use above the melting level of hurricanes. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 955-961.
2. Brown, P. R. A., and P. N. Francis, 1995: Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using a total-water probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 410-414.
3. Field, P. R., R. Wood, P. R. A. Brown, P. H. Kaye, E. Hirst, R. Greenaway, and J. A. Smith, 2003: Ice particle interarrival times measured with a fast FSSP. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 249-261.
4. Gerber, H., Y. Takano, T. J. Garrett, and P. V. Hobbs, 2000: Nephelometer measurements of the asymmetry parameter, volume extinction coefficient, and backscatter ratio in Arctic clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3021-3034.
5. Heymsfield, A. J., 1972: Ice crystal terminal velocities. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1348-1357.
6. Heymsfield, A. J., and J. L. Parrish, 1978: A computational technique for increasing the effective sampling volume of the PMS two-dimensional particle size spectrometer. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1566-1572.
7. Heymsfield, A. J., and M. Kajikawa, 1987: An improved approach to calculating terminal velocities of platelike crystals and graupel. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1088-1099.
8. Heymsfield, A. J., and L. M. Miloshevich, 2003: Parameterizations for the cross-sectional area and extinction of cirrus and stratiform ice cloud particles. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 936-956.
9. Heymsfield, A. J., A. Bansemer, S. Lewis, J. Iaquinta, M. Kajikawa, C. Twohy, M. R. Poellot, and L. M. Miloshevich, 2002a: A general approach for deriving the properties of cirrus and stratiform ice cloud particles. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3-29.
10. Heymsfield, A. J., A. Bansemer, P. R. Field, S. L. Durden, J. Stith, J. E. Dye, W. Hall, and T Grainger, 2002b: Observations and parameterizations of particle size distributions in deep tropical cirrus and stratiform precipitating clouds: Results from in situ observations in TRMM field campaigns. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3457-3491.
11. Heymsfield, A. J., C. G. Schmitt, A. Bansemer, D. Baumgardner, E. M. Weinstock, T. J. Smith, and D. Sayres, 2004: Effective ice particle densities for cold anvil cirrus. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02101, doi:10.1029/2003GL018311.
12. Holroyd, E. W., 1987: Some techniques and uses of 2D-C habit classification software for snow particles. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 498-511.
13. King, W. D., 1986: Air flow and particle trajectories around aircraft fuselages. IV: Orientation of ice crystals. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 433-439.
14. Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
15. Lo, K. K., and R. E. Passarelli Jr., 1982: Growth of snow in winter storms: An airborne observational study. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 697-706.
16. Locatelli, J. D., and P. V. Hobbs, 1974: Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2185-2197.
17. Magono, C., and T. Nakamura, 1965: Aerodynamic studies of falling snowflakes. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan. 43, 139-147.
18. Mitchell, D. L., 1991: Evolution of snow-size spectra in cyclonic storms. Part II: Deviations from the exponential form. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1885-1899.
19. Mitchell, D. L., 1996: Use of mass- and area-dimensional power laws for determining precipitation particle terminal velocities. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1710-1723.
20. Mitchell, D. L., R. Zhang, and R. L. Pitter, 1990: Mass-dimensional relationships for ice particles and the influence of riming on snowfall rates. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 153-163.
21. Strapp, J. W., F. Albers, A. Reuter, A. V. Korolev, U. Maixner, E. Rashke, and Z. Vukovic, 2001: Laboratory measurements of the response of a PMS OAP-2DC. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 1150-1170.
22. Twohy, C. H., A. J. Schanot, and W. A. Cooper, 1997: Measurement of condensated water content in liquid and ice clouds using an airborne counterflow virtual impactor. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 197-202.
23. Twohy, C. H., J. W. Strapp, and M. Wendisch, 2003: Performance of a counterflow virtual impactor in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 781-790.