메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 136-147

The deceptive nature of UVA tanning versus the modest protective effects of UVB tanning on human skin

Author keywords

DNA damage; Photoprotection; Pigmentation; Skin; Ultraviolet

Indexed keywords

MELANIN;

EID: 78651413732     PISSN: 17551471     EISSN: 1755148X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2010.00764.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (95)

References (67)
  • 2
    • 14644425437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanogenesis: a photoprotective response to DNA damage?
    • Agar, N., and Young, A.R. (2005). Melanogenesis: a photoprotective response to DNA damage? Mutat. Res. 571, 121-132.
    • (2005) Mutat. Res. , vol.571 , pp. 121-132
    • Agar, N.1    Young, A.R.2
  • 3
    • 1842788162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basal layer in human squamous tumors harbors more UVA than UVB fingerprint mutations: a role for UVA in human skin carcinogenesis
    • Agar, N.S., Halliday, G.M., Barnetson, R.S., Ananthaswamy, H.N., Wheeler, M., and Jones, A.M. (2004). The basal layer in human squamous tumors harbors more UVA than UVB fingerprint mutations: a role for UVA in human skin carcinogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 4954-4959.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , pp. 4954-4959
    • Agar, N.S.1    Halliday, G.M.2    Barnetson, R.S.3    Ananthaswamy, H.N.4    Wheeler, M.5    Jones, A.M.6
  • 4
    • 52149083480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet wavebands and melanoma initiation
    • Bennett, D.C. (2008). Ultraviolet wavebands and melanoma initiation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21, 520-524.
    • (2008) Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. , vol.21 , pp. 520-524
    • Bennett, D.C.1
  • 5
    • 0033016467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Singlet oxygen mediates the UVA-induced generation of the photoaging-associated mitochondrial common deletion
    • Berneburg, M., Grether-Beck, S., Kurten, V., Ruzicka, T., Briviba, K., Sies, H., and Krutmann, J. (1999). Singlet oxygen mediates the UVA-induced generation of the photoaging-associated mitochondrial common deletion. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 15345-15349.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 15345-15349
    • Berneburg, M.1    Grether-Beck, S.2    Kurten, V.3    Ruzicka, T.4    Briviba, K.5    Sies, H.6    Krutmann, J.7
  • 6
    • 52149084768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are tanning beds "safe"? Human studies of melanoma
    • Berwick, M. (2008). Are tanning beds "safe"? Human studies of melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21, 517-519.
    • (2008) Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. , vol.21 , pp. 517-519
    • Berwick, M.1
  • 7
    • 22544452379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA lesions induced by UV A1 and B radiation in human cells: comparative analyses in the overall genome and in the p53 tumor suppressor gene
    • Besaratinia, A., Synold, T.W., Chen, H.H., Chang, C., Xi, B., Riggs, A.D., and Pfeifer, G.P. (2005). DNA lesions induced by UV A1 and B radiation in human cells: comparative analyses in the overall genome and in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 102, 10058-10063.
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A , vol.102 , pp. 10058-10063
    • Besaratinia, A.1    Synold, T.W.2    Chen, H.H.3    Chang, C.4    Xi, B.5    Riggs, A.D.6    Pfeifer, G.P.7
  • 10
    • 42549140099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin
    • Brenner, M., and Hearing, V.J. (2008). The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin. Photochem. Photobiol. 84, 539-549.
    • (2008) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.84 , pp. 539-549
    • Brenner, M.1    Hearing, V.J.2
  • 11
    • 0021509032 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of human epidermis and stratum corneum as a function of thickness in the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths
    • Bruls, W.A., Slaper, H., van der Leun, J.C., and Berrens, L. (1984). Transmission of human epidermis and stratum corneum as a function of thickness in the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. Photochem. Photobiol. 40, 485-494.
    • (1984) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.40 , pp. 485-494
    • Bruls, W.A.1    Slaper, H.2    van der Leun, J.C.3    Berrens, L.4
  • 13
    • 33750979817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes
    • Chi, A., Valencia, J.C., Hu, Z.Z. et al. (2006). Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes. J. Proteome Res. 5, 3135-3144.
    • (2006) J. Proteome Res. , vol.5 , pp. 3135-3144
    • Chi, A.1    Valencia, J.C.2    Hu, Z.Z.3
  • 14
    • 77952428954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of human skin pigmentation in situ by repetitive UV exposure - molecular characterization of responses to UVA and/or UVB
    • Choi, W., Miyamura, Y., Wolber, R., Smuda, C., Reinhold, W., Liu, H., Kolbe, L., and Hearing, V.J. (2010). Regulation of human skin pigmentation in situ by repetitive UV exposure - molecular characterization of responses to UVA and/or UVB. J. Invest. Dermatol. 130, 1685-1696.
    • (2010) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.130 , pp. 1685-1696
    • Choi, W.1    Miyamura, Y.2    Wolber, R.3    Smuda, C.4    Reinhold, W.5    Liu, H.6    Kolbe, L.7    Hearing, V.J.8
  • 15
    • 0009141517 scopus 로고
    • CIE Technical Report No CIE 85, Solar Spectral Irradiance
    • CIE Technical Committee 2-17, (Vienna, Austria: Commision Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) Central Bureau).
    • CIE Technical Committee 2-17 (1989). CIE Technical Report No CIE 85, Solar Spectral Irradiance. (Vienna, Austria: Commision Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) Central Bureau).
    • (1989)
  • 16
    • 74349105783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis: UVA tanning is involved in the increased incidence of skin cancers in fair-skinned young women
    • Coelho, S.G., and Hearing, V.J. (2010). Hypothesis: UVA tanning is involved in the increased incidence of skin cancers in fair-skinned young women. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 23, 57-63.
    • (2010) Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. , vol.23 , pp. 57-63
    • Coelho, S.G.1    Hearing, V.J.2
  • 17
    • 67651024731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardization of in vitro macrophotography for assessment of cutaneous responses
    • Coelho, S.G., Koo, E., and Hearing, V.J. (2009a). Standardization of in vitro macrophotography for assessment of cutaneous responses. Photochem. Photobiol. 85, 1032-1037.
    • (2009) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.85 , pp. 1032-1037
    • Coelho, S.G.1    Koo, E.2    Hearing, V.J.3
  • 19
    • 4644233539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet B but not ultraviolet A radiation initiates melanoma
    • De Fabo, E.C., Noonan, F.P., Fears, T.R., and Merlino, G. (2004). Ultraviolet B but not ultraviolet A radiation initiates melanoma. Cancer Res. 64, 6372-6376.
    • (2004) Cancer Res. , vol.64 , pp. 6372-6376
    • De Fabo, E.C.1    Noonan, F.P.2    Fears, T.R.3    Merlino, G.4
  • 21
    • 0021784053 scopus 로고
    • Comparative protection efficiency of UVA- and UVB-induced tans against erythema and formation of endonuclease-sensitive sites in DNA by UVB in human skin
    • Gange, R.W., Blackett, A.D., Matzinger, B.A., Sutherland, B.M., and Kochevar, I.E. (1985). Comparative protection efficiency of UVA- and UVB-induced tans against erythema and formation of endonuclease-sensitive sites in DNA by UVB in human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 85, 361-364.
    • (1985) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.85 , pp. 361-364
    • Gange, R.W.1    Blackett, A.D.2    Matzinger, B.A.3    Sutherland, B.M.4    Kochevar, I.E.5
  • 22
    • 0033614447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation
    • Gilchrest, B.A., Eller, M.S., Geller, A.C., and Yaar, M. (1999). The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 1341-1348.
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.340 , pp. 1341-1348
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1    Eller, M.S.2    Geller, A.C.3    Yaar, M.4
  • 24
    • 33746314301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet radiation (UV) induces reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in CHOAA8 cells
    • Grzanka, D., Domaniewski, J., Grzanka, A., and Zuryn, A. (2006). Ultraviolet radiation (UV) induces reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in CHOAA8 cells. Neoplasma 53, 328-332.
    • (2006) Neoplasma , vol.53 , pp. 328-332
    • Grzanka, D.1    Domaniewski, J.2    Grzanka, A.3    Zuryn, A.4
  • 25
    • 0348108038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer and photoaging in ethnic skin
    • Halder, R.M., and Ara, C.J. (2003). Skin cancer and photoaging in ethnic skin. Dermatol. Clin. 21, 725-732.
    • (2003) Dermatol. Clin. , vol.21 , pp. 725-732
    • Halder, R.M.1    Ara, C.J.2
  • 26
    • 0015740393 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ultraviolet on the distribution pattern of microfilaments and microtubules and on the nucleus in human melanocytes
    • Jimbow, K., Pathak, M.A., and Fitzpatrick, T.B. (1973). Effect of ultraviolet on the distribution pattern of microfilaments and microtubules and on the nucleus in human melanocytes. Yale J. Biol. Med. 46, 411-426.
    • (1973) Yale J. Biol. Med. , vol.46 , pp. 411-426
    • Jimbow, K.1    Pathak, M.A.2    Fitzpatrick, T.B.3
  • 27
    • 84986358766 scopus 로고
    • The influence of radiation on the skin and the basis of protection
    • Johnson, B.E. (1983). The influence of radiation on the skin and the basis of protection. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 5, 131-139.
    • (1983) Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 131-139
    • Johnson, B.E.1
  • 28
    • 0015491602 scopus 로고
    • Melanin and cellular reactions to ultraviolet radiation
    • Johnson, B.E., Mandell, G., and Daniels, G. (1972). Melanin and cellular reactions to ultraviolet radiation. Nature 235, 147-149.
    • (1972) Nature , vol.235 , pp. 147-149
    • Johnson, B.E.1    Mandell, G.2    Daniels, G.3
  • 29
    • 0023147412 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the oxidation of tyrosine and DOPA to melanin and in skin tanning
    • Joshi, P.C., Carraro, C., and Pathak, M.A. (1987). Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the oxidation of tyrosine and DOPA to melanin and in skin tanning. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142, 265-274.
    • (1987) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.142 , pp. 265-274
    • Joshi, P.C.1    Carraro, C.2    Pathak, M.A.3
  • 31
    • 0034162138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet A radiation-induced biological effects in human skin: relevance for photoaging and photodermatosis
    • Krutmann, J. (2000). Ultraviolet A radiation-induced biological effects in human skin: relevance for photoaging and photodermatosis. J. Dermatol. Sci. 23(Suppl. 1), S22-S26.
    • (2000) J. Dermatol. Sci. , vol.23 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Krutmann, J.1
  • 32
    • 0028835321 scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effects from repeated exposures to suberythemal doses of UVB and UVA in human skin
    • Lavker, R.M., Gerberick, G.F., Veres, D., Irwin, C.J., and Kaidbey, K.H. (1995). Cumulative effects from repeated exposures to suberythemal doses of UVB and UVA in human skin. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 32, 53-62.
    • (1995) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.32 , pp. 53-62
    • Lavker, R.M.1    Gerberick, G.F.2    Veres, D.3    Irwin, C.J.4    Kaidbey, K.H.5
  • 34
    • 1442348072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of photooxidation of melanogenic precursors in prolonged pigmentation induced by ultraviolet A
    • Maeda, K., and Hatao, M. (2004). Involvement of photooxidation of melanogenic precursors in prolonged pigmentation induced by ultraviolet A. J. Invest. Dermatol. 122, 503-509.
    • (2004) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.122 , pp. 503-509
    • Maeda, K.1    Hatao, M.2
  • 35
    • 3042718905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of UVB and UVA to UV-dependent stimulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in artificial epidermis
    • Mahns, A., Wolber, R., Stab, F., Klotz, L.O., and Sies, H. (2004). Contribution of UVB and UVA to UV-dependent stimulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in artificial epidermis. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 3, 257-262.
    • (2004) Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 257-262
    • Mahns, A.1    Wolber, R.2    Stab, F.3    Klotz, L.O.4    Sies, H.5
  • 36
    • 0036545856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of photocarcinogenesis
    • Matsumura, Y., and Ananthaswamy, H.N. (2002). Molecular mechanisms of photocarcinogenesis. Front. Biosci. 7, 765-783.
    • (2002) Front. Biosci. , vol.7 , pp. 765-783
    • Matsumura, Y.1    Ananthaswamy, H.N.2
  • 38
    • 0001103056 scopus 로고
    • Das Problem des Lichtschutzes und der Lichtgewöhnung
    • Miescher, G. (1930). Das Problem des Lichtschutzes und der Lichtgewöhnung. Strahlentherapie 35, 403-423.
    • (1930) Strahlentherapie , vol.35 , pp. 403-423
    • Miescher, G.1
  • 39
    • 51849110344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of pigmentation induction by repeated ultraviolet exposures: dose, dose interval and UV spectrum dependence
    • Miller, S.A., Coelho, S.G., Zmudzka, B.Z., Bushar, H.F., Yamaguchi, Y., Hearing, V.J., and Beer, J.Z. (2008). Dynamics of pigmentation induction by repeated ultraviolet exposures: dose, dose interval and UV spectrum dependence. Br. J. Dermatol. 159, 921-930.
    • (2008) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.159 , pp. 921-930
    • Miller, S.A.1    Coelho, S.G.2    Zmudzka, B.Z.3    Bushar, H.F.4    Yamaguchi, Y.5    Hearing, V.J.6    Beer, J.Z.7
  • 41
    • 33846130577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of human skin pigmentation and responses to ultraviolet radiation
    • Miyamura, Y., Coelho, S.G., Wolber, R. et al. (2007). Regulation of human skin pigmentation and responses to ultraviolet radiation. Pigment Cell Res. 20, 2-13.
    • (2007) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.20 , pp. 2-13
    • Miyamura, Y.1    Coelho, S.G.2    Wolber, R.3
  • 42
    • 33748784343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are predominant DNA lesions in whole human skin exposed to UVA radiation
    • Mouret, S., Baudouin, C., Charveron, M., Favier, A., Cadet, J., and Douki, T. (2006). Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are predominant DNA lesions in whole human skin exposed to UVA radiation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 13765-13770.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 13765-13770
    • Mouret, S.1    Baudouin, C.2    Charveron, M.3    Favier, A.4    Cadet, J.5    Douki, T.6
  • 43
    • 32644438237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of the depth distribution of melanin in skin for DNA protection and other photobiological processes
    • Nielsen, K.P., Zhao, L., Stamnes, J.J., Stamnes, K., and Moan, J. (2006). The importance of the depth distribution of melanin in skin for DNA protection and other photobiological processes. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 82, 194-198.
    • (2006) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B , vol.82 , pp. 194-198
    • Nielsen, K.P.1    Zhao, L.2    Stamnes, J.J.3    Stamnes, K.4    Moan, J.5
  • 44
    • 0032538126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-induced oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid under aerobic conditions: non-enzymatic route to melanin pigments of potential relevance to skin (photo) protection
    • Novellino, L., d'Ischia, M., and Prota, G. (1998). Nitric oxide-induced oxidation of 5, 6-dihydroxyindole and 5, 6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid under aerobic conditions: non-enzymatic route to melanin pigments of potential relevance to skin (photo) protection. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1425, 27-35.
    • (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1425 , pp. 27-35
    • Novellino, L.1    d'Ischia, M.2    Prota, G.3
  • 45
    • 0025309008 scopus 로고
    • The effects of ultraviolet exposure on skin melanin pigmentation
    • Ortonne, J.P. (1990). The effects of ultraviolet exposure on skin melanin pigmentation. J. Int. Med. Res. 18, 8C-17C.
    • (1990) J. Int. Med. Res. , vol.18
    • Ortonne, J.P.1
  • 47
    • 0023200959 scopus 로고
    • Epidermal changes in human skin following irradiation with either UVB or UVA
    • Pearse, A.D., Gaskell, S.A., and Marks, R. (1987). Epidermal changes in human skin following irradiation with either UVB or UVA. J. Invest. Dermatol. 88, 83-87.
    • (1987) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.88 , pp. 83-87
    • Pearse, A.D.1    Gaskell, S.A.2    Marks, R.3
  • 48
    • 0026470860 scopus 로고
    • Nonmelanoma cancers of the skin
    • Preston, D.S., and Stern, R.S. (1992). Nonmelanoma cancers of the skin. N. Engl. J. Med. 327, 1649-1662.
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.327 , pp. 1649-1662
    • Preston, D.S.1    Stern, R.S.2
  • 49
    • 67449089831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another duel in the sun: weighing the balances between sun protection, tanning beds, and malignant melanoma
    • Roberts, D.J., Hornung, C.A., and Polk, H.C. Jr (2009). Another duel in the sun: weighing the balances between sun protection, tanning beds, and malignant melanoma. Clin. Pediatr. (Phila) 48, 614-622.
    • (2009) Clin. Pediatr. (Phila) , vol.48 , pp. 614-622
    • Roberts, D.J.1    Hornung, C.A.2    Polk Jr, H.C.3
  • 50
    • 0033960789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane trafficking, organelle transport, and the cytoskeleton
    • Rogers, S.L., and Gelfand, V.I. (2000). Membrane trafficking, organelle transport, and the cytoskeleton. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 12, 57-62.
    • (2000) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 57-62
    • Rogers, S.L.1    Gelfand, V.I.2
  • 51
    • 0019942425 scopus 로고
    • Protection against UV-B by UV-A-induced tan
    • Roser-Maass, E., Holzle, E., and Plewig, G. (1982). Protection against UV-B by UV-A-induced tan. Arch. Dermatol. 118, 483-486.
    • (1982) Arch. Dermatol. , vol.118 , pp. 483-486
    • Roser-Maass, E.1    Holzle, E.2    Plewig, G.3
  • 54
    • 0031912052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do tanning lamps cause melanoma? An epidemiologic assessment
    • Swerdlow, A.J., and Weinstock, M.A. (1998). Do tanning lamps cause melanoma? An epidemiologic assessment. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 38, 89-98.
    • (1998) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.38 , pp. 89-98
    • Swerdlow, A.J.1    Weinstock, M.A.2
  • 57
    • 74949083524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ultraviolet radiation in melanomagenesis
    • von Thaler, A.K., Kamenisch, Y., and Berneburg, M. (2010). The role of ultraviolet radiation in melanomagenesis. Exp. Dermatol. 19, 81-88.
    • (2010) Exp. Dermatol. , vol.19 , pp. 81-88
    • von Thaler, A.K.1    Kamenisch, Y.2    Berneburg, M.3
  • 58
    • 52149115782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV and pigmentation: molecular mechanisms and social controversies
    • Tran, T.T., Schulman, J., and Fisher, D.E. (2008). UV and pigmentation: molecular mechanisms and social controversies. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21, 509-516.
    • (2008) Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. , vol.21 , pp. 509-516
    • Tran, T.T.1    Schulman, J.2    Fisher, D.E.3
  • 59
    • 0036784368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin responses to ultraviolet radiation: effects of constitutive pigmentation, sex, and ancestry
    • Wagner, J.K., Parra, E.J., Lin, H., Jovel, C., and Shriver, M.D. (2002). Skin responses to ultraviolet radiation: effects of constitutive pigmentation, sex, and ancestry. Pigment Cell Res. 15, 385-390.
    • (2002) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.15 , pp. 385-390
    • Wagner, J.K.1    Parra, E.J.2    Lin, H.3    Jovel, C.4    Shriver, M.D.5
  • 61
    • 4644342256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rab27b is up-regulated in human Griscelli syndrome type II melanocytes and linked to the actin cytoskeleton via exon F-Myosin Va transcripts
    • Westbroek, W., Lambert, J., De Schepper, S., Kleta, R., Van Den, B.K., Seabra, M.C., Huizing, M., Mommaas, M., and Naeyaert, J.M. (2004). Rab27b is up-regulated in human Griscelli syndrome type II melanocytes and linked to the actin cytoskeleton via exon F-Myosin Va transcripts. Pigment Cell Res. 17, 498-505.
    • (2004) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.17 , pp. 498-505
    • Westbroek, W.1    Lambert, J.2    De Schepper, S.3    Kleta, R.4    Van Den, B.K.5    Seabra, M.C.6    Huizing, M.7    Mommaas, M.8    Naeyaert, J.M.9
  • 62
    • 0032881840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet radiation signature mutations in photocarcinogenesis
    • Wikonkal, N.M., and Brash, D.E. (1999). Ultraviolet radiation signature mutations in photocarcinogenesis. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 4, 6-10.
    • (1999) J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. , vol.4 , pp. 6-10
    • Wikonkal, N.M.1    Brash, D.E.2
  • 64
    • 33645237868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV causation of melanoma in Xiphophorus is dominated by melanin photosensitized oxidant production
    • Wood, S.R., Berwick, M., Ley, R.D., Walter, R.B., Setlow, R.B., and Timmins, G.S. (2006). UV causation of melanoma in Xiphophorus is dominated by melanin photosensitized oxidant production. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 4111-4115.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 4111-4115
    • Wood, S.R.1    Berwick, M.2    Ley, R.D.3    Walter, R.B.4    Setlow, R.B.5    Timmins, G.S.6
  • 65
    • 33746572250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human skin responses to UV radiation: pigment in the upper epidermis protects against DNA damage in the lower epidermis and facilitates apoptosis
    • Yamaguchi, Y., Takahashi, K., Zmudzka, B.Z., Kornhauser, A., Miller, S.A., Tadokoro, T., Berens, W., Beer, J.Z., and Hearing, V.J. (2006). Human skin responses to UV radiation: pigment in the upper epidermis protects against DNA damage in the lower epidermis and facilitates apoptosis. FASEB J. 20, 1486-1488.
    • (2006) FASEB J. , vol.20 , pp. 1486-1488
    • Yamaguchi, Y.1    Takahashi, K.2    Zmudzka, B.Z.3    Kornhauser, A.4    Miller, S.A.5    Tadokoro, T.6    Berens, W.7    Beer, J.Z.8    Hearing, V.J.9
  • 66
    • 0025837587 scopus 로고
    • Disruption of cytoplasmic microtubules by ultraviolet radiation
    • Zamansky, G.B., Perrino, B.A., and Chou, I.N. (1991). Disruption of cytoplasmic microtubules by ultraviolet radiation. Exp. Cell Res. 195, 269-273.
    • (1991) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.195 , pp. 269-273
    • Zamansky, G.B.1    Perrino, B.A.2    Chou, I.N.3
  • 67
    • 0026734118 scopus 로고
    • An immunofluorescence study of the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the organization of microfilaments, keratin intermediate filaments, and microtubules in human keratinocytes
    • Zamansky, G.B., Nguyen, U., and Chou, I.N. (1992). An immunofluorescence study of the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the organization of microfilaments, keratin intermediate filaments, and microtubules in human keratinocytes. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 22, 296-306.
    • (1992) Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton , vol.22 , pp. 296-306
    • Zamansky, G.B.1    Nguyen, U.2    Chou, I.N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.