메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 84, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 539-549

The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MELANIN; RADIOPROTECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 42549140099     PISSN: 00318655     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00226.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1275)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 0033614447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation
    • Gilchrest, B. A., M. S. Eller, A. C. Geller M. Yaar (1999) The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 1341 1348.
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.340 , pp. 1341-1348
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1    Eller, M.S.2    Geller, A.C.3    Yaar, M.4
  • 2
    • 33644846968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion and increased UVB radiation: Potential impacts to human health
    • De Fabo, E. C. (2005) Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion and increased UVB radiation: Potential impacts to human health. Int. J. Circumpolar Health 64, 509 522.
    • (2005) Int. J. Circumpolar Health , vol.64 , pp. 509-522
    • De Fabo, E.C.1
  • 3
    • 0023688309 scopus 로고
    • Impact of ozone depletion on skin cancers
    • Kripke, M. L. (1988) Impact of ozone depletion on skin cancers. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 14, 853 857.
    • (1988) J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. , vol.14 , pp. 853-857
    • Kripke, M.L.1
  • 4
    • 27744505032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV-radiation - Sources, wavelength, environment
    • Holzle, E. H. Honigsmann (2005) UV-radiation - Sources, wavelength, environment. J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges. 3 (Suppl. 2 S3 S10.
    • (2005) J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges. , vol.3 , Issue.2
    • Holzle, E.1    Honigsmann, H.2
  • 5
    • 0036517719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoimmune suppression and photocarcinogenesis
    • Ullrich, S. E. (2002) Photoimmune suppression and photocarcinogenesis. Front. Biosci. 7, d684 d703.
    • (2002) Front. Biosci. , vol.7
    • Ullrich, S.E.1
  • 7
    • 0032448156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The similarity of action spectra for thymine dimers in human epidermis and erythema suggests that DNA is the chromophore for erythema
    • Young, A. R., C. A. Chadwick, G. I. Harrison, O. Nikaido, J. Ramsden C. S. Potten (1998) The similarity of action spectra for thymine dimers in human epidermis and erythema suggests that DNA is the chromophore for erythema. J. Invest. Dermatol. 111, 982 988.
    • (1998) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.111 , pp. 982-988
    • Young, A.R.1    Chadwick, C.A.2    Harrison, G.I.3    Nikaido, O.4    Ramsden, J.5    Potten, C.S.6
  • 8
    • 0020320242 scopus 로고
    • Erythema and melanogenesis action spectra of normal human skin
    • Parrish, J. A., K. F. Jaenicke R. R. Anderson (1982) Erythema and melanogenesis action spectra of normal human skin. Photochem. Photobiol. 36, 187 191.
    • (1982) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.36 , pp. 187-191
    • Parrish, J.A.1    Jaenicke, K.F.2    Anderson, R.R.3
  • 9
    • 0029186880 scopus 로고
    • Action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis
    • de Gruijl, F. R. (1995) Action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis. Recent Results Cancer Res. 139, 21 30.
    • (1995) Recent Results Cancer Res. , vol.139 , pp. 21-30
    • De Gruijl, F.R.1
  • 12
    • 0031409635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of oxidative DNA base damage in human skin cells by UV and near visible radiation
    • Kvam, E. R. M. Tyrrell (1997) Induction of oxidative DNA base damage in human skin cells by UV and near visible radiation. Carcinogenesis 18, 2379 2384.
    • (1997) Carcinogenesis , vol.18 , pp. 2379-2384
    • Kvam, E.1    Tyrrell, R.M.2
  • 13
    • 2642573655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidative stress and the antioxidant network in cutaneous carcinogenesis
    • Sander, C. S., H. Chang, F. Hamm, P. Elsner J. J. Thiele (2004) Role of oxidative stress and the antioxidant network in cutaneous carcinogenesis. Int. J. Dermatol. 43, 326 335.
    • (2004) Int. J. Dermatol. , vol.43 , pp. 326-335
    • Sander, C.S.1    Chang, H.2    Hamm, F.3    Elsner, P.4    Thiele, J.J.5
  • 14
    • 0030111234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV damage and repair mechanisms in mammalian cells
    • Tornaletti, S. G. P. Pfeifer (1996) UV damage and repair mechanisms in mammalian cells. Bioessays 18, 221 228.
    • (1996) Bioessays , vol.18 , pp. 221-228
    • Tornaletti, S.1    Pfeifer, G.P.2
  • 15
    • 0029548457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of in vitro melanocytic cell studies to the understanding of melanoma
    • Linge, C. (1996) Relevance of in vitro melanocytic cell studies to the understanding of melanoma. Cancer Surv. 26, 71 87.
    • (1996) Cancer Surv. , vol.26 , pp. 71-87
    • Linge, C.1
  • 16
    • 0027351913 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and repair of photolesions in DNA: Genetic consequences and the role of sequence context
    • Sage, E. (1993) Distribution and repair of photolesions in DNA: Genetic consequences and the role of sequence context. Photochem. Photobiol. 57, 163 174.
    • (1993) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.57 , pp. 163-174
    • Sage, E.1
  • 18
    • 0035981152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological consequences of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers
    • Vink, A. A. L. Roza (2001) Biological consequences of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol. 65, 101 104.
    • (2001) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol. , vol.65 , pp. 101-104
    • Vink, A.A.1    Roza, L.2
  • 21
    • 0029014204 scopus 로고
    • The detection of cyclobutane thymine dimers, (6-4) photolesions and the Dewar photoisomers in sections of UV-irradiated human skin using specific antibodies, and the demonstration of depth penetration effects
    • Chadwick, C. A., C. S. Potten, O. Nikaido, T. Matsunaga, C. Proby A. R. Young (1995) The detection of cyclobutane thymine dimers, (6-4) photolesions and the Dewar photoisomers in sections of UV-irradiated human skin using specific antibodies, and the demonstration of depth penetration effects. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol. 28, 163 170.
    • (1995) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol. , vol.28 , pp. 163-170
    • Chadwick, C.A.1    Potten, C.S.2    Nikaido, O.3    Matsunaga, T.4    Proby, C.5    Young, A.R.6
  • 23
    • 0033129816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo induction of pyrimidine dimers in human skin by UVA radiation: Initiation of cell damage and/or intercellular communication?
    • Applegate, L. A., C. Scaletta, R. Panizzon, H. Niggli E. Frenk (1999) In vivo induction of pyrimidine dimers in human skin by UVA radiation: Initiation of cell damage and/or intercellular communication? Int. J. Mol. Med. 3, 467 472.
    • (1999) Int. J. Mol. Med. , vol.3 , pp. 467-472
    • Applegate, L.A.1    Scaletta, C.2    Panizzon, R.3    Niggli, H.4    Frenk, E.5
  • 24
    • 0042165037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bipyrimidine photoproducts rather than oxidative lesions are the main type of DNA damage involved in the genotoxic effect of solar UVA radiation
    • Douki, T., A. Reynaud-Angelin, J. Cadet E. Sage (2003) Bipyrimidine photoproducts rather than oxidative lesions are the main type of DNA damage involved in the genotoxic effect of solar UVA radiation. Biochemistry 42, 9221 9226.
    • (2003) Biochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 9221-9226
    • Douki, T.1    Reynaud-Angelin, A.2    Cadet, J.3    Sage, E.4
  • 25
    • 14644433816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet radiation-mediated damage to cellular DNA
    • Cadet, J., E. Sage T. Douki (2005) Ultraviolet radiation-mediated damage to cellular DNA. Mutat. Res. 571, 3 17.
    • (2005) Mutat. Res. , vol.571 , pp. 3-17
    • Cadet, J.1    Sage, E.2    Douki, T.3
  • 26
    • 0032978254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts in human skin exposed to solar simulating radiation
    • Bykov, V. J., J. M. Sheehan, K. Hemminki A. R. Young (1999) In situ repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts in human skin exposed to solar simulating radiation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 112, 326 331.
    • (1999) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.112 , pp. 326-331
    • Bykov, V.J.1    Sheehan, J.M.2    Hemminki, K.3    Young, A.R.4
  • 27
    • 0029932913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The in situ repair kinetics of epidermal thymine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts in human skin types I and II
    • Young, A. R., C. A. Chadwick, G. I. Harrison, J. L. Hawk, O. Nikaido C. S. Potten (1996) The in situ repair kinetics of epidermal thymine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts in human skin types I and II. J. Invest. Dermatol. 106, 1307 1313.
    • (1996) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.106 , pp. 1307-1313
    • Young, A.R.1    Chadwick, C.A.2    Harrison, G.I.3    Hawk, J.L.4    Nikaido, O.5    Potten, C.S.6
  • 28
    • 0034725142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on the formation and repair of UV photoproducts in human skin in situ
    • Xu, G., E. Snellman, V. J. Bykov, C. T. Jansen K. Hemminki (2000) Effect of age on the formation and repair of UV photoproducts in human skin in situ. Mutat. Res. 459, 195 202.
    • (2000) Mutat. Res. , vol.459 , pp. 195-202
    • Xu, G.1    Snellman, E.2    Bykov, V.J.3    Jansen, C.T.4    Hemminki, K.5
  • 29
    • 0026252312 scopus 로고
    • Relative induction of cyclobutane dimers and cytosine photohydrates in DNA irradiated in vitro and in vivo with ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B light
    • Mitchell, D. L., J. Jen J. E. Cleaver (1991) Relative induction of cyclobutane dimers and cytosine photohydrates in DNA irradiated in vitro and in vivo with ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B light. Photochem. Photobiol. 54, 741 746.
    • (1991) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.54 , pp. 741-746
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    Jen, J.2    Cleaver, J.E.3
  • 30
    • 0024675824 scopus 로고
    • The biology of the (6-4) photoproduct
    • Mitchell, D. L. R. S. Nairn (1989) The biology of the (6-4) photoproduct. Photochem. Photobiol. 49, 805 819.
    • (1989) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.49 , pp. 805-819
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    Nairn, R.S.2
  • 33
    • 0036096585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated ultraviolet exposure affords the same protection against DNA photodamage and erythema in human skin types II and IV but is associated with faster DNA repair in skin type IV
    • Sheehan, J. M., N. Cragg, C. A. Chadwick, C. S. Potten A. R. Young (2002) Repeated ultraviolet exposure affords the same protection against DNA photodamage and erythema in human skin types II and IV but is associated with faster DNA repair in skin type IV. J. Invest. Dermatol. 118, 825 829.
    • (2002) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.118 , pp. 825-829
    • Sheehan, J.M.1    Cragg, N.2    Chadwick, C.A.3    Potten, C.S.4    Young, A.R.5
  • 34
    • 0346158419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms involved in ultraviolet light-induced immunosuppression
    • Aubin, F. (2003) Mechanisms involved in ultraviolet light-induced immunosuppression. Eur. J. Dermatol. 13, 515 523.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Dermatol. , vol.13 , pp. 515-523
    • Aubin, F.1
  • 35
    • 0022641834 scopus 로고
    • Immunology and photocarcinogenesis. New light on an old problem
    • Kripke, M. L. (1986) Immunology and photocarcinogenesis. New light on an old problem. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 14, 149 155.
    • (1986) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.14 , pp. 149-155
    • Kripke, M.L.1
  • 37
    • 0002820220 scopus 로고
    • Systemic alteration induced in mice by ultraviolet light irradiation and its relationship to ultraviolet carcinogenesis
    • Fisher, M. S. M. L. Kripke (1977) Systemic alteration induced in mice by ultraviolet light irradiation and its relationship to ultraviolet carcinogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 74, 1688 1692.
    • (1977) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.74 , pp. 1688-1692
    • Fisher, M.S.1    Kripke, M.L.2
  • 38
    • 0020567012 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the mechanism of unresponsiveness produced by haptens painted on skin exposed to low dose ultraviolet radiation
    • Elmets, C. A., P. R. Bergstresser, R. E. Tigelaar, P. J. Wood J. W. Streilein (1983) Analysis of the mechanism of unresponsiveness produced by haptens painted on skin exposed to low dose ultraviolet radiation. J. Exp. Med. 158, 781 794.
    • (1983) J. Exp. Med. , vol.158 , pp. 781-794
    • Elmets, C.A.1    Bergstresser, P.R.2    Tigelaar, R.E.3    Wood, P.J.4    Streilein, J.W.5
  • 39
    • 0025205234 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility to effects of UVB radiation on induction of contact hypersensitivity as a risk factor for skin cancer in humans
    • Yoshikawa, T., V. Rae, W. Bruins-Slot, J. W. Van den Berg, J. R. Taylor J. W. Streilein (1990) Susceptibility to effects of UVB radiation on induction of contact hypersensitivity as a risk factor for skin cancer in humans. J. Invest. Dermatol. 95, 530 536.
    • (1990) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.95 , pp. 530-536
    • Yoshikawa, T.1    Rae, V.2    Bruins-Slot, W.3    Van Den Berg, J.W.4    Taylor, J.R.5    Streilein, J.W.6
  • 40
    • 0034614919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to sunburn is associated with susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of cutaneous cell-mediated immunity
    • Kelly, D. A., A. R. Young, J. M. McGregor, P. T. Seed, C. S. Potten S. L. Walker (2000) Sensitivity to sunburn is associated with susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of cutaneous cell-mediated immunity. J. Exp. Med. 191, 561 566.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 561-566
    • Kelly, D.A.1    Young, A.R.2    McGregor, J.M.3    Seed, P.T.4    Potten, C.S.5    Walker, S.L.6
  • 41
    • 0031020271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of glutathione S-transferases T1 and M1 as heritable factors of increased cutaneous UV sensitivity
    • Kerb, R., J. Brockmoller, T. Reum I. Roots (1997) Deficiency of glutathione S-transferases T1 and M1 as heritable factors of increased cutaneous UV sensitivity. J. Invest. Dermatol. 108, 229 232.
    • (1997) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.108 , pp. 229-232
    • Kerb, R.1    Brockmoller, J.2    Reum, T.3    Roots, I.4
  • 48
    • 0036866115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection as a cause of human skin colour variation: Darwin's hypothesis revisited
    • Aoki, K. (2002) Sexual selection as a cause of human skin colour variation: Darwin's hypothesis revisited. Ann. Hum. Biol. 29, 589 608.
    • (2002) Ann. Hum. Biol. , vol.29 , pp. 589-608
    • Aoki, K.1
  • 49
    • 0033912992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of human skin coloration
    • Jablonski, N. G. G. Chaplin (2000) The evolution of human skin coloration. J. Hum. Evol. 39, 57 106.
    • (2000) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.39 , pp. 57-106
    • Jablonski, N.G.1    Chaplin, G.2
  • 50
    • 0026571771 scopus 로고
    • Human thermoregulatory responses during cold water immersion after artificially induced sunburn
    • Pandolf, K. B., R. W. Gange, W. A. Latzka, I. H. Blank, A. J. Young M. N. Sawka (1992) Human thermoregulatory responses during cold water immersion after artificially induced sunburn. Am. J. Physiol. 262, R617 R623.
    • (1992) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.262
    • Pandolf, K.B.1    Gange, R.W.2    Latzka, W.A.3    Blank, I.H.4    Young, A.J.5    Sawka, M.N.6
  • 51
    • 0032836289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA photodamage stimulates melanogenesis and other photoprotective responses
    • Gilchrest, B. A. M. S. Eller (1999) DNA photodamage stimulates melanogenesis and other photoprotective responses. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 4, 35 40.
    • (1999) J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. , vol.4 , pp. 35-40
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1    Eller, M.S.2
  • 52
    • 0034566137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanning as part of the eukaryotic SOS response
    • Eller, M. S. B. A. Gilchrest (2000) Tanning as part of the eukaryotic SOS response. Pigment Cell Res. 13 (Suppl. 8 94 97.
    • (2000) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 94-97
    • Eller, M.S.1    Gilchrest, B.A.2
  • 53
    • 0027442806 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of human melanocytes and S91 melanoma cells with the DNA repair enzyme T4 endonuclease V enhances melanogenesis after ultraviolet irradiation
    • Gilchrest, B. A., S. Zhai, M. S. Eller, D. B. Yarosh M. Yaar (1993) Treatment of human melanocytes and S91 melanoma cells with the DNA repair enzyme T4 endonuclease V enhances melanogenesis after ultraviolet irradiation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 101, 666 672.
    • (1993) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.101 , pp. 666-672
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1    Zhai, S.2    Eller, M.S.3    Yarosh, D.B.4    Yaar, M.5
  • 54
    • 0028004606 scopus 로고
    • DNA damage and melanogenesis
    • Eller, M. S., M. Yaar B. A. Gilchrest (1994) DNA damage and melanogenesis. Nature 372, 413 414.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 413-414
    • Eller, M.S.1    Yaar, M.2    Gilchrest, B.A.3
  • 58
    • 0026051525 scopus 로고
    • The architecture of black and white facial skin
    • Montagna, W. K. Carlisle (1991) The architecture of black and white facial skin. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 24, 929 937.
    • (1991) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.24 , pp. 929-937
    • Montagna, W.1    Carlisle, K.2
  • 61
    • 0014915843 scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition of melanosomes
    • Duchon, J. (1970) Chemical composition of melanosomes. Dermatol. Monatsschr. 156, 371.
    • (1970) Dermatol. Monatsschr. , vol.156 , pp. 371
    • Duchon, J.1
  • 62
    • 0003041082 scopus 로고
    • Photobiology of pigment cells
    • In. Edited by. M. Seiji. pp. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
    • Pathak, M. A., K. Jimbow T. Fitzpatrick (1980) Photobiology of pigment cells. In Phenotypic Expression in Pigment Cells (Edited by M. Seiji pp. 655 670. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
    • (1980) Phenotypic Expression in Pigment Cells , pp. 655-670
    • Pathak, M.A.1    Jimbow, K.2    Fitzpatrick, T.3
  • 63
    • 11144354692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in the skin: Increased expression of dickkopf1 by palmoplantar fibroblasts inhibits melanocyte growth and differentiation
    • Yamaguchi, Y., S. Itami, H. Watabe, K. Yasumoto, Z. A. Abdel-Malek, T. Kubo, F. Rouzaud, A. Tanemura, K. Yoshikawa V. J. Hearing (2004) Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in the skin: Increased expression of dickkopf1 by palmoplantar fibroblasts inhibits melanocyte growth and differentiation. J. Cell Biol. 165, 275 285.
    • (2004) J. Cell Biol. , vol.165 , pp. 275-285
    • Yamaguchi, Y.1    Itami, S.2    Watabe, H.3    Yasumoto, K.4    Abdel-Malek, Z.A.5    Kubo, T.6    Rouzaud, F.7    Tanemura, A.8    Yoshikawa, K.9    Hearing, V.J.10
  • 64
    • 0042733275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin in humans, mice, and other animals: A comparative review
    • Ito, S. K. Wakamatsu (2003) Quantitative analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin in humans, mice, and other animals: A comparative review. Pigment Cell Res. 16, 523 531.
    • (2003) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.16 , pp. 523-531
    • Ito, S.1    Wakamatsu, K.2
  • 65
    • 0014674644 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the fate of melanosomes in human epidermis
    • Szabo, G., A. B. Gerald, M. A. Pathak T. B. Fitzpatrick (1969) Racial differences in the fate of melanosomes in human epidermis. Nature 222, 1081 1082.
    • (1969) Nature , vol.222 , pp. 1081-1082
    • Szabo, G.1    Gerald, A.B.2    Pathak, M.A.3    Fitzpatrick, T.B.4
  • 67
    • 0023814938 scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer in blacks in the United States
    • Halder, R. M. K. M. Bang (1988) Skin cancer in blacks in the United States. Dermatol. Clin. 6, 397 405.
    • (1988) Dermatol. Clin. , vol.6 , pp. 397-405
    • Halder, R.M.1    Bang, K.M.2
  • 68
    • 0018661945 scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection by melanin - A comparison of black and Caucasian skin
    • Kaidbey, K. H., P. P. Agin, R. M. Sayre A. M. Kligman (1979) Photoprotection by melanin - A comparison of black and Caucasian skin. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1, 249 260.
    • (1979) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.1 , pp. 249-260
    • Kaidbey, K.H.1    Agin, P.P.2    Sayre, R.M.3    Kligman, A.M.4
  • 69
    • 33749672245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer in skin of color
    • quiz 761-764
    • Gloster, H. M., Jr. K. Neal (2006) Skin cancer in skin of color. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 55, 741 760 quiz 761 764.
    • (2006) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.55 , pp. 741-760
    • Gloster Jr., H.M.1    Neal, K.2
  • 70
    • 0028580577 scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer in African Americans
    • Halder, R. M. S. Bridgeman-Shah (1995) Skin cancer in African Americans. Cancer 75, 667 673.
    • (1995) Cancer , vol.75 , pp. 667-673
    • Halder, R.M.1    Bridgeman-Shah, S.2
  • 73
    • 0033175744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The soluble eumelanin precursor 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid enhances oxidative damage in human keratinocyte DNA after UVA irradiation
    • Kipp, C. A. R. Young (1999) The soluble eumelanin precursor 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid enhances oxidative damage in human keratinocyte DNA after UVA irradiation. Photochem. Photobiol. 70, 191 198.
    • (1999) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.70 , pp. 191-198
    • Kipp, C.1    Young, A.R.2
  • 74
    • 4644342254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanin synthesis may sensitize melanocytes to oxidative DNA damage by ultraviolet a radiation and protect melanocytes from direct DNA damage by ultraviolet B radiation
    • Kvam, E. J. Dahle (2004) Melanin synthesis may sensitize melanocytes to oxidative DNA damage by ultraviolet A radiation and protect melanocytes from direct DNA damage by ultraviolet B radiation. Pigment Cell Res. 17, 549 550.
    • (2004) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.17 , pp. 549-550
    • Kvam, E.1    Dahle, J.2
  • 75
    • 0033513389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of melanin in the induction of oxidative DNA base damage by ultraviolet a irradiation of DNA or melanoma cells
    • Kvam, E. R. M. Tyrrell (1999) The role of melanin in the induction of oxidative DNA base damage by ultraviolet A irradiation of DNA or melanoma cells. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113, 209 213.
    • (1999) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.113 , pp. 209-213
    • Kvam, E.1    Tyrrell, R.M.2
  • 76
    • 0023282277 scopus 로고
    • Photoinduced generation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in melanins
    • Korytowski, W., B. Pilas, T. Sarna B. Kalyanaraman (1987) Photoinduced generation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in melanins. Photochem. Photobiol. 45, 185 190.
    • (1987) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.45 , pp. 185-190
    • Korytowski, W.1    Pilas, B.2    Sarna, T.3    Kalyanaraman, B.4
  • 77
    • 0033144797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human melanocyte as a particular target for UVA radiation and an endpoint for photoprotection assessment
    • Marrot, L., J. P. Belaidi, J. R. Meunier, P. Perez C. Agapakis-Causse (1999) The human melanocyte as a particular target for UVA radiation and an endpoint for photoprotection assessment. Photochem. Photobiol. 69, 686 693.
    • (1999) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.69 , pp. 686-693
    • Marrot, L.1    Belaidi, J.P.2    Meunier, J.R.3    Perez, P.4    Agapakis-Causse, C.5
  • 78
    • 0020149686 scopus 로고
    • Photochemistry and photobiology of epidermal melanins
    • Chedekel, M. R. (1982) Photochemistry and photobiology of epidermal melanins. Photochem. Photobiol. 35, 881 885.
    • (1982) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.35 , pp. 881-885
    • Chedekel, M.R.1
  • 81
    • 0018160757 scopus 로고
    • Melanin photoreactions in aerated media: Electron spin resonance evidence for production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide
    • Felix, C. C., J. S. Hyde, T. Sarna R. C. Sealy (1978) Melanin photoreactions in aerated media: Electron spin resonance evidence for production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 84, 335 341.
    • (1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.84 , pp. 335-341
    • Felix, C.C.1    Hyde, J.S.2    Sarna, T.3    Sealy, R.C.4
  • 82
    • 0029200141 scopus 로고
    • The chemistry of melanins and melanogenesis
    • Prota, G. (1995) The chemistry of melanins and melanogenesis. Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 64, 93 148.
    • (1995) Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. , vol.64 , pp. 93-148
    • Prota, G.1
  • 84
    • 0034564540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UVA, pheomelanin and the carcinogenesis of melanoma
    • Hill, H. Z. G. J. Hill (2000) UVA, pheomelanin and the carcinogenesis of melanoma. Pigment Cell Res. 13 (Suppl. 8 140 144.
    • (2000) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 140-144
    • Hill, H.Z.1    Hill, G.J.2
  • 85
    • 0024221985 scopus 로고
    • Photo-induced events in the human melanocytic system: Photoaggression and photoprotection
    • Cesarini, J. P. (1988) Photo-induced events in the human melanocytic system: Photoaggression and photoprotection. Pigment Cell Res. 1, 223 233.
    • (1988) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.1 , pp. 223-233
    • Cesarini, J.P.1
  • 88
    • 0022271138 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the melanocyte system by ultraviolet radiation and cell transformation
    • Pathak, M. A. (1985) Activation of the melanocyte system by ultraviolet radiation and cell transformation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 453, 328 339.
    • (1985) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.453 , pp. 328-339
    • Pathak, M.A.1
  • 89
    • 0142120546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The patterns of melanosome distribution in keratinocytes of human skin as one determining factor of skin colour
    • Thong, H. Y., S. H. Jee, C. C. Sun R. E. Boissy (2003) The patterns of melanosome distribution in keratinocytes of human skin as one determining factor of skin colour. Br. J. Dermatol. 149, 498 505.
    • (2003) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.149 , pp. 498-505
    • Thong, H.Y.1    Jee, S.H.2    Sun, C.C.3    Boissy, R.E.4
  • 90
    • 0037906585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic variation in tyrosinase and TYRP1 expression in photoexposed and photoprotected human skin
    • Alaluf, S., K. Barrett, M. Blount N. Carter (2003) Ethnic variation in tyrosinase and TYRP1 expression in photoexposed and photoprotected human skin. Pigment Cell Res. 16, 35 42.
    • (2003) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.16 , pp. 35-42
    • Alaluf, S.1    Barrett, K.2    Blount, M.3    Carter, N.4
  • 91
    • 0032924173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate pigment darkening: Description, kinetic and biological function
    • Routaboul, C., A. Denis A. Vinche (1999) Immediate pigment darkening: Description, kinetic and biological function. Eur. J. Dermatol. 9, 95 99.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Dermatol. , vol.9 , pp. 95-99
    • Routaboul, C.1    Denis, A.2    Vinche, A.3
  • 92
    • 0027563630 scopus 로고
    • An ultraviolet radiation action spectrum for immediate pigment darkening
    • Irwin, C., A. Barnes, D. Veres K. Kaidbey (1993) An ultraviolet radiation action spectrum for immediate pigment darkening. Photochem. Photobiol. 57, 504 507.
    • (1993) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.57 , pp. 504-507
    • Irwin, C.1    Barnes, A.2    Veres, D.3    Kaidbey, K.4
  • 93
    • 0002625290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin
    • In. Edited by. I. M. Freedberg, A. Z. Eisen, K. Wolff, K. F. Austen, L. A. Goldsmith, S. I. Katz. T. B. Fitzpatrick. pp. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    • McGregor, J. M. J. L. M. Hawk (1999) Acute effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. In Dermatology in General Medicine (Edited by I. M. Freedberg, A. Z. Eisen, K. Wolff, K. F. Austen, L. A. Goldsmith, S. I. Katz T. B. Fitzpatrick pp. 1555 1561. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    • (1999) Dermatology in General Medicine , pp. 1555-1561
    • McGregor, J.M.1    Hawk, J.L.M.2
  • 94
    • 0033668786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of UVA protection factors using the persistent pigment darkening (PPD) as the end point. (Part 1). Calibration of the method
    • Moyal, D., A. Chardon N. Kollias (2000) Determination of UVA protection factors using the persistent pigment darkening (PPD) as the end point. (Part 1). Calibration of the method. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 16, 245 249.
    • (2000) Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. , vol.16 , pp. 245-249
    • Moyal, D.1    Chardon, A.2    Kollias, N.3
  • 95
    • 33744468579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo persistent pigment darkening method: A demonstration of the reproducibility of the UVA protection factors results at several testing laboratories
    • Moyal, D., K. Wichrowski C. Tricaud (2006) In vivo persistent pigment darkening method: A demonstration of the reproducibility of the UVA protection factors results at several testing laboratories. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 22, 124 128.
    • (2006) Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. , vol.22 , pp. 124-128
    • Moyal, D.1    Wichrowski, K.2    Tricaud, C.3
  • 96
    • 0023630124 scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet radiation directly induces pigment production by cultured human melanocytes
    • Friedmann, P. S. B. A. Gilchrest (1987) Ultraviolet radiation directly induces pigment production by cultured human melanocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 133, 88 94.
    • (1987) J. Cell. Physiol. , vol.133 , pp. 88-94
    • Friedmann, P.S.1    Gilchrest, B.A.2
  • 97
    • 0020026040 scopus 로고
    • Redistribution of melanosomal complexes within keratinocytes following UV-A irradiation: A possible mechanism for cutaneous darkening in man
    • Lavker, R. M. K. H. Kaidbey (1982) Redistribution of melanosomal complexes within keratinocytes following UV-A irradiation: A possible mechanism for cutaneous darkening in man. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 272, 215 228.
    • (1982) Arch. Dermatol. Res. , vol.272 , pp. 215-228
    • Lavker, R.M.1    Kaidbey, K.H.2
  • 98
    • 0023882897 scopus 로고
    • The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI
    • Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1988) The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch. Dermatol. 124, 869 871.
    • (1988) Arch. Dermatol. , vol.124 , pp. 869-871
    • Fitzpatrick, T.B.1
  • 99
    • 0023913792 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistological detection of interleukin I-like molecules and tumour necrosis factor in human epidermis before and after UVB-irradiation in vivo
    • Oxholm, A., P. Oxholm, B. Staberg K. Bendtzen (1988) Immunohistological detection of interleukin I-like molecules and tumour necrosis factor in human epidermis before and after UVB-irradiation in vivo. Br. J. Dermatol. 118, 369 376.
    • (1988) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.118 , pp. 369-376
    • Oxholm, A.1    Oxholm, P.2    Staberg, B.3    Bendtzen, K.4
  • 100
    • 0025677334 scopus 로고
    • Human keratinocytes are a source for tumor necrosis factor alpha: Evidence for synthesis and release upon stimulation with endotoxin or ultraviolet light
    • Kock, A., T. Schwarz, R. Kirnbauer, A. Urbanski, P. Perry, J. C. Ansel T. A. Luger (1990) Human keratinocytes are a source for tumor necrosis factor alpha: Evidence for synthesis and release upon stimulation with endotoxin or ultraviolet light. J. Exp. Med. 172, 1609 1614.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Med. , vol.172 , pp. 1609-1614
    • Kock, A.1    Schwarz, T.2    Kirnbauer, R.3    Urbanski, A.4    Perry, P.5    Ansel, J.C.6    Luger, T.A.7
  • 101
    • 0027732667 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of melanogenic proteins to the heterogeneous pigmentation of human melanocytes
    • Abdel-Malek, Z., V. Swope, C. Collins, R. Boissy, H. Zhao J. Nordlund (1993) Contribution of melanogenic proteins to the heterogeneous pigmentation of human melanocytes. J. Cell Sci. 106 (Pt 4 1323 1331.
    • (1993) J. Cell Sci. , vol.106 , Issue.4 , pp. 1323-1331
    • Abdel-Malek, Z.1    Swope, V.2    Collins, C.3    Boissy, R.4    Zhao, H.5    Nordlund, J.6
  • 102
    • 0019203189 scopus 로고
    • Time course changes in levels of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins D2, E2, F2 alpha in human skin following ultraviolet B irradiation
    • Black, A. K., N. Fincham, M. W. Greaves C. N. Hensby (1980) Time course changes in levels of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins D2, E2, F2 alpha in human skin following ultraviolet B irradiation. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 10, 453 457.
    • (1980) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.10 , pp. 453-457
    • Black, A.K.1    Fincham, N.2    Greaves, M.W.3    Hensby, C.N.4
  • 103
    • 2442543050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinase-activated receptor-2 stimulates prostaglandin production in keratinocytes: Analysis of prostaglandin receptors on human melanocytes and effects of PGE2 and PGF2alpha on melanocyte dendricity
    • Scott, G., S. Leopardi, S. Printup, N. Malhi, M. Seiberg R. Lapoint (2004) Proteinase-activated receptor-2 stimulates prostaglandin production in keratinocytes: Analysis of prostaglandin receptors on human melanocytes and effects of PGE2 and PGF2alpha on melanocyte dendricity. J. Invest. Dermatol. 122, 1214 1224.
    • (2004) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.122 , pp. 1214-1224
    • Scott, G.1    Leopardi, S.2    Printup, S.3    Malhi, N.4    Seiberg, M.5    Lapoint, R.6
  • 104
    • 0028902719 scopus 로고
    • Long-term proliferation of human melanocytes is supported by the physiologic mitogens alpha-melanotropin, endothelin-1, and basic fibroblast growth factor
    • Swope, V. B., E. E. Medrano, D. Smalara Z. A. Abdel-Malek (1995) Long-term proliferation of human melanocytes is supported by the physiologic mitogens alpha-melanotropin, endothelin-1, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Exp. Cell Res. 217, 453 459.
    • (1995) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.217 , pp. 453-459
    • Swope, V.B.1    Medrano, E.E.2    Smalara, D.3    Abdel-Malek, Z.A.4
  • 107
    • 0346786217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of hair and skin color
    • Rees, J. L. (2003) Genetics of hair and skin color. Annu. Rev. Genet. 37, 67 90.
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.37 , pp. 67-90
    • Rees, J.L.1
  • 110
    • 45449125746 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D, its precursors, and metabolites do not affect melanization of cultured human melanocytes
    • Mansur, C. P., P. R. Gordon, S. Ray, M. F. Holick B. A. Gilchrest (1988) Vitamin D, its precursors, and metabolites do not affect melanization of cultured human melanocytes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 91, 16 21.
    • (1988) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.91 , pp. 16-21
    • Mansur, C.P.1    Gordon, P.R.2    Ray, S.3    Holick, M.F.4    Gilchrest, B.A.5
  • 113
    • 14644425437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanogenesis: A photoprotective response to DNA damage?
    • Agar, N. A. R. Young (2005) Melanogenesis: A photoprotective response to DNA damage? Mutat. Res. 571, 121 132.
    • (2005) Mutat. Res. , vol.571 , pp. 121-132
    • Agar, N.1    Young, A.R.2
  • 114
    • 0021690657 scopus 로고
    • Photoprotective role of epidermal melanin granules against ultraviolet damage and DNA repair in guinea pig skin
    • Ishikawa, T., K. Kodama, J. Matsumoto S. Takayama (1984) Photoprotective role of epidermal melanin granules against ultraviolet damage and DNA repair in guinea pig skin. Cancer Res. 44, 5195 5199.
    • (1984) Cancer Res. , vol.44 , pp. 5195-5199
    • Ishikawa, T.1    Kodama, K.2    Matsumoto, J.3    Takayama, S.4
  • 115
    • 33750553155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between skin response to ultraviolet exposure and skin color type
    • Del Bino, S., J. Sok, E. Bessac F. Bernerd (2006) Relationship between skin response to ultraviolet exposure and skin color type. Pigment Cell Res. 19, 606 614.
    • (2006) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.19 , pp. 606-614
    • Del Bino, S.1    Sok, J.2    Bessac, E.3    Bernerd, F.4
  • 116
    • 0024221989 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of UV radiation-induced DNA damage by a 5-methoxypsoralen tan in human skin
    • Young, A. R., C. S. Potten, C. A. Chadwick, G. M. Murphy A. J. Cohen (1988) Inhibition of UV radiation-induced DNA damage by a 5-methoxypsoralen tan in human skin. Pigment Cell Res. 1, 350 354.
    • (1988) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.1 , pp. 350-354
    • Young, A.R.1    Potten, C.S.2    Chadwick, C.A.3    Murphy, G.M.4    Cohen, A.J.5
  • 117
    • 0025925356 scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection and 5-MOP photochemoprotection from UVR-induced DNA damage in humans: The role of skin type
    • Young, A. R., C. S. Potten, C. A. Chadwick, G. M. Murphy, J. L. Hawk A. J. Cohen (1991) Photoprotection and 5-MOP photochemoprotection from UVR-induced DNA damage in humans: The role of skin type. J. Invest. Dermatol. 97, 942 948.
    • (1991) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.97 , pp. 942-948
    • Young, A.R.1    Potten, C.S.2    Chadwick, C.A.3    Murphy, G.M.4    Hawk, J.L.5    Cohen, A.J.6
  • 118
    • 0032184765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanning in human skin types II and III offers modest photoprotection against erythema
    • Sheehan, J. M., C. S. Potten A. R. Young (1998) Tanning in human skin types II and III offers modest photoprotection against erythema. Photochem. Photobiol. 68, 588 592.
    • (1998) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.68 , pp. 588-592
    • Sheehan, J.M.1    Potten, C.S.2    Young, A.R.3
  • 119
    • 0034787027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar-simulated skin adaptation and its effect on subsequent UV-induced epidermal DNA damage
    • de Winter, S., A. A. Vink, L. Roza S. Pavel (2001) Solar-simulated skin adaptation and its effect on subsequent UV-induced epidermal DNA damage. J. Invest. Dermatol. 117, 678 682.
    • (2001) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.117 , pp. 678-682
    • De Winter, S.1    Vink, A.A.2    Roza, L.3    Pavel, S.4
  • 122
    • 33746572250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human skin responses to UV radiation: Pigment in the upper epidermis protects against DNA damage in the lower epidermis and facilitates apoptosis
    • Yamaguchi, Y., K. Takahashi, B. Z. Zmudzka, A. Kornhauser, S. A. Miller, T. Tadokoro, W. Berens, J. Z. Beer V. J. Hearing (2006) Human skin responses to UV radiation: Pigment in the upper epidermis protects against DNA damage in the lower epidermis and facilitates apoptosis. FASEB J. 20, 1486 1488.
    • (2006) FASEB J. , vol.20 , pp. 1486-1488
    • Yamaguchi, Y.1    Takahashi, K.2    Zmudzka, B.Z.3    Kornhauser, A.4    Miller, S.A.5    Tadokoro, T.6    Berens, W.7    Beer, J.Z.8    Hearing, V.J.9
  • 123
    • 19544392728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eumelanin and pheomelanin concentrations in human epidermis before and after UVB irradiation
    • Hennessy, A., C. Oh, B. Diffey, K. Wakamatsu, S. Ito J. Rees (2005) Eumelanin and pheomelanin concentrations in human epidermis before and after UVB irradiation. Pigment Cell Res. 18, 220 223.
    • (2005) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.18 , pp. 220-223
    • Hennessy, A.1    Oh, C.2    Diffey, B.3    Wakamatsu, K.4    Ito, S.5    Rees, J.6
  • 127
    • 0033011011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the incidence and mortality from melanoma in the United States
    • Hall, H. I., D. R. Miller, J. D. Rogers B. Bewerse (1999) Update on the incidence and mortality from melanoma in the United States. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 40, 35 42.
    • (1999) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.40 , pp. 35-42
    • Hall, H.I.1    Miller, D.R.2    Rogers, J.D.3    Bewerse, B.4
  • 128
    • 0030912824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the population-based incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin first diagnosed between 1984 and 1992
    • Gray, D. T., V. J. Suman, W. P. Su, R. P. Clay, W. S. Harmsen R. K. Roenigk (1997) Trends in the population-based incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin first diagnosed between 1984 and 1992. Arch. Dermatol. 133, 735 740.
    • (1997) Arch. Dermatol. , vol.133 , pp. 735-740
    • Gray, D.T.1    Suman, V.J.2    Su, W.P.3    Clay, R.P.4    Harmsen, W.S.5    Roenigk, R.K.6
  • 130
    • 0035722059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants are associated with an increased risk for cutaneous melanoma which is largely independent of skin type and hair color
    • Kennedy, C., J. ter Huurne, M. Berkhout, N. Gruis, M. Bastiaens, W. Bergman, R. Willemze J. N. Bavinck (2001) Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants are associated with an increased risk for cutaneous melanoma which is largely independent of skin type and hair color. J. Invest. Dermatol. 117, 294 300.
    • (2001) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.117 , pp. 294-300
    • Kennedy, C.1    Ter Huurne, J.2    Berkhout, M.3    Gruis, N.4    Bastiaens, M.5    Bergman, W.6    Willemze, R.7    Bavinck, J.N.8
  • 133
    • 0031838353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans
    • Krude, H., H. Biebermann, W. Luck, R. Horn, G. Brabant A. Gruters (1998) Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans. Nat. Genet. 19, 155 157.
    • (1998) Nat. Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 155-157
    • Krude, H.1    Biebermann, H.2    Luck, W.3    Horn, R.4    Brabant, G.5    Gruters, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.