Association between median family income and self-reported mood symptoms in bipolar disorder

Comprehensive Psychiatry

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 17-25

  Bauer, Michael ^a   Glenn, Tasha ^b   Rasgon, Natalie ^c   Marsh, Wendy ^d   Sagduyu, Kemal ^e   Munoz, Rodrigo ^f   Schmid, Rita ^g   Haack, Sara ^a   Whybrow, Peter C ^h  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL CARL GUSTAV CARUS   (Germany)

^b ChronoRecord Association Inc   (United States)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EMPLOYMENT STATUS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCOME; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIAGE; MOOD; SELF EVALUATION; SOCIAL STATUS; SYMPTOM; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AFFECT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCOME; MALE; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 78651339971     PISSN: 0010440X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.04.005     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Marmot M.G., Shipley M.J., and Rose G. Inequalities in death-specific explanations of a general pattern? Lancet 1 1984 1003 1006
2. Adler N.E., and Ostrove J.M. Socioeconomic status and health: what we know and what we don't Ann N Y Acad Sci 896 1999 3 15
3. Goldman N. Social inequalities in health disentangling the underlying mechanisms Ann N Y Acad Sci 954 2001 118 139
4. Adams P., Hurd M.D., McFadden D., Merrill A., and Ribeiro T. Healthy, wealthy, and wise? Tests for direct causal paths between health and socioeconomic status J Econom 112 2003 3 56
5. Rask K., O'Malley E., and Druss B. Impact of socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical risk factors on mortality J Public Health (Oxf) 31 2009 231 238
6. Duncan G.J., Daly M.C., McDonough P., and Williams D.R. Optimal indicators of socioeconomic status for health research Am J Public Health 92 2002 1151 1157
7. Braveman P.A., Cubbin C., Egerter S., Chideya S., Marchi K.S., and Metzler M. Socioeconomic status in health research: one size does not fit all JAMA 294 2005 2879 2888
8. Duncan G.J. Income dynamics and health Int J Health Serv 26 1996 419 444
9. McDonough P., Duncan G.J., Williams D., and House J. Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989 Am J Public Health 87 1997 1476 1483
10. Ecob R., and Smith G.D. Income and health: what is the nature of the relationship? Soc Sci Med 48 1999 693 705
11. Marmot M.G., Smith G.D., Stansfeld S., Patel C., North F., and Head J. Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study Lancet 337 1991 1387 1393
12. Holzer I.I.I.C.E., Shea B.M., Swanson J.W., Leaf P.J., Myers J.K., and George L. The increased risk for specific psychiatric disorders among persons of low socioeconomic status, evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Surveys Am J Soc Psych 6 1986 259 271
13. Bruce M.L., Takeuchi D.T., and Leaf P.J. Poverty and psychiatric status. Longitudinal evidence from the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area study Arch Gen Psychiatry 48 1991 470 474
14. Dohrenwend B.P., Levav I., Shrout P.E., Schwartz S., Naveh G., and Link B.G. Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: the causation-selection issue Science 255 1992 946 952
15. Gazmararian J.A., James S.A., and Lepkowski J.M. Depression in black and white women. The role of marriage and socioeconomic status Ann Epidemiol 5 1995 455 463
16. Gresenz C.R., Sturm R., and Tang L. Income and mental health: unraveling community and individual level relationships J Ment Health Policy Econ 4 2001 197 203
17. Lorant V., Deliège D., Eaton W., Robert A., Philippot P., and Ansseau M. Socioeconomic inequalities in depression: a meta-analysis Am J Epidemiol 157 2003 98 112
18. Jones B.E., Gray B.A., and Parson E.B. Manic-Depressive illness among poor urban blacks Am J Psychiatry 138 1981 654 657
19. Jones B.E., Gray B.A., and Parson E.B. Manic-Depressive illness among poor urban Hispanics Am J Psychiatry 140 1983 1208 1210
20. Bijl R.V., Ravelli A., and van Zessen G. Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the general population: results of The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 33 1998 587 595 (Pubitemid 28528860)
21. Regier D.A., Farmer M.E., Rae D.S., Myers J.K., Kramer M., and Robins L.N. One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States and sociodemographic characteristics: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study Acta Psychiatr Scand 88 1993 35 47
22. Kessler R.C., Rubinow D.R., Holmes C., Abelson J.M., and Zhao S. The epidemiology of DSM-III-R bipolar I disorder in a general population survey Psychol Med 27 1997 1079 1089
23. Das A.K., Olfson M., Gameroff M.J., Pilowsky D.J., Blanco C., and Feder A. Screening for bipolar disorder in a primary care practice JAMA 293 2005 956 963 (Pubitemid 40271127)
24. Grant B.F., Stinson F.S., Hasin D.S., Dawson D.A., Chou S.P., and Ruan W.J. Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of bipolar I disorder and axis I and II disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions J Clin Psychiatry 66 2005 1205 1215
25. Olfson M., Das A.K., Gameroff M.J., Pilowsky D., Feder A., and Gross R. Bipolar depression in a low-income primary care clinic Am J Psychiatry 162 2005 2146 2151 (Pubitemid 41598270)
26. Bauer M., Glenn T., Grof P., Rasgon N.L., Marsh W., and Sagduyu K. Frequency of subsyndromal symptoms and employment status in patients with bipolar disorder Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 44 2009 515 522
27. Bauer M., Grof P., Gyulai L., Rasgon N., Glenn T., and Whybrow P.C. Using technology to improve longitudinal studies: self-reporting with ChronoRecord in bipolar disorder Bipolar Disord 6 2004 67 74
28. Bauer M., Wilson T., Neuhaus K., Sasse J., Pfennig A., and Lewitzka U. Self-reporting software for bipolar disorder: validation of ChronoRecord by patients with mania Psychiatry Res 159 2008 359 366
29. Cassidy F., Ahearn E., and Carroll B.J. A prospective study of inter-episode consistency of manic and mixed subtypes of bipolar disorder J Affect Disord 67 2001 181 185
30. Sato T., Bottlender R., Sievas M., Schröter A., Hecht S., and Möller H.J. Long-term inter-episode stability of syndromes underlying mania Acta Psychiatr Scand 108 2003 310 313
31. US Census Bureau US Department of Commerce, Geographic Areas Reference Manual http://www.census.gov/geo/www/garm.html 1994
32. Soobader M., LeClere F.B., Hadden W., and Maury B. Using aggregate geographic data to proxy individual socioeconomic status: does size matter? Am J Public Health 91 2001 632 636
33. Krieger N., Chen J.T., Waterman P.D., Soobader M.J., Subramanian S.V., and Carson R. Geocoding and monitoring of US socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and cancer incidence: does the choice of area-based measure and geographic level matter?: the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project Am J Epidemiol 156 2002 471 482
34. US Census Bureau Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2007 http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/income.html 2008
35. Centers for Disease Control and Precention Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) http://www.cdc.gov/BRFSS/ 2008
36. Centers for Disease Control and Precention National Center for Health Statistics, National health Interview Survey http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm 2009
37. Bucks B.K., Kennickell A.B., Mach T.L., and Moore K.B. Changes in U.S. family finances from 2004 to 2007: evidence from the survey of consumer finances Fed Reserve Bull 95 2009 A1 55
38. Ross C.E., and Mirowsky J. Refining the association between education and health: the effects of quantity, credential, and selectivity Demography 36 1999 445 460
39. González-Pinto A., Aldama A., Mosquera F., and González Gómez C. Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of mixed mania CNS Drugs 21 2007 611 626
40. Agosti V., and Stewart J.W. Hypomania with and without dysphoria: comparison of comorbidity and clinical characteristics of respondents from a national community sample J Affect Disord 108 2008 177 182
41. Dodd S., Kulkarni J., Berk L., Ng F., Fitzgerald P.B., and de Castella A.R. A prospective study of the impact of subthreshold mixed states on the 24-month clinical outcomes of bipolar I disorder or schizoaffective disorder J Affect Disord 2009 Nov 26 [Epub ahead of print]
42. Keck P.E. Jr, McElroy S.L., Strakowski S.M., West S.A., Sax K.W., and Hawkins J.M. 12-month outcome of patients with bipolar disorder following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode Am J Psychiatry 155 1998 646 652
43. Strakowski S.M., Keck P.E. Jr, McElroy S.L., West S.A., Sax K.W., and Hawkins J.M. Twelve-month outcome after a first hospitalization for affective psychosis Arch Gen Psychiatry 55 1998 49 55
44. Tohen M., Zarate C.A. Jr, Hennen J., Khalsa H.M., Strakowski S.M., and Gebre-Medhin P. The McLean-Harvard First-Episode Mania Study: prediction of recovery and first recurrence Am J Psychiatry 160 2003 2099 2107
45. Martinez J.M., Marangell L.B., Simon N.M., Miyahara S., Wisniewski S.R., and Harrington J. Baseline predictors of serious adverse events at one year among patients with bipolar disorder in STEP-BD Psychiatr Serv 56 2005 1541 1548
46. Van Riel W.G., Vieta E., Martinez-Aran A., Haro J.M., Bertsch J., and Reed C. Chronic mania revisited: factors associated with treatment non-response during prospective follow-up of a large European cohort (EMBLEM) World J Biol Psychiatry 9 2008 313 320
47. DelBello M.P., Hanseman D., Adler C.M., Fleck D.E., and Strakowski S.M. Twelve-month outcome of adolescents with bipolar disorder following first hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode Am J Psychiatry 164 2007 582 590
48. Birmaher B., Axelson D., Goldstein B., Strober M., Gill M.K., and Hunt J. Four-year longitudinal course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders: the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study Am J Psychiatry 166 2009 795 804
49. Johnson F.R., Ozdemir S., Manjunath R., Hauber A.B., Burch S.P., and Thompson T.R. Factors that affect adherence to bipolar disorder treatments: a stated-preference approach Med Care 45 2007 545 552
50. Bulloch A.G., and Patten S.B. Non-adherence with psychotropic medications in the general population Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2009 [Epub ahead of print]
51. Adda K., Chandola T., and Marmot M. Socio-economic status and health: causality and pathways J Econom 112 2003 57 63
52. Marmot M. The influence of income on health: views of an epidemiologist Health Aff (Millwood) 21 2002 31 46
53. Gallo L.C., and Matthews K.A. Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role? Psychol Bull 129 2003 10 51
54. Wang J.L. Perceived work stress, imbalance between work and family/personal lives, and mental disorders Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 41 2006 541 548
55. Ouwehand C., Ridder D.T., and Bensing J.M. Who can afford to look to the future? The relationship between socio-economic status and proactive coping Eur J Public Health 19 2009 412 417
56. Alegría M., Bijl R.V., Lin E., Walters E.E., and Kessler R.C. Income differences in persons seeking outpatient treatment for mental disorders: a comparison of the United States with Ontario and The Netherlands Arch Gen Psychiatry 57 2000 383 391
57. Wolfson M., Rowe G., Gentleman J.F., and Tomiak M. Career earnings and death: a longitudinal analysis of older Canadian men J Gerontol 48 1993 S167 S179
58. Mackenbach J.P., Kunst A.E., Cavelaars A.E., Groenhof F., and Geurts J.J. Socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality in western Europe. The EU Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health Lancet 349 1997 1655 1659
59. Benzeval M., and Judge K. Income and health: the time dimension Soc Sci Med 52 2001 1371 1390
60. Smith J.P. Healthy bodies and thick wallets: the dual relation between health and economic status J Econ Perspect 13 1999 144 166
61. Dean B.B., Gerner D., and Gerner R.H. A systematic review evaluating health-related quality of life, work impairment, and healthcare costs and utilization in bipolar disorder Curr Med Res Opin 20 2004 139 154
62. Kessler R.C., Foster C.L., Saunders W.B., and Stang P.E. Social consequences of psychiatric disorders, I: educational attainment Am J Psychiatry 152 1995 1026 1032
63. Glahn D.C., Bearden C.E., Bowden C.L., and Soares J.C. Reduced educational attainment in bipolar disorder J Affect Disord 92 2006 309 312
64. Breslau J., Lane M., Sampson N., and Kessler R.C. Mental disorders and subsequent educational attainment in a US national sample J Psychiatr Res 42 2008 708 716
65. Day J.S., and Newburger E.C. The big payoff: educational attainment and synthetic estimates of work-life earnings. US Dept of Commerce Census Bureau Current Population Reports http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/educ- attn.html 2002
66. Kupfer D.J., Frank E., Grochocinski V.J., Cluss P.A., Houck P.R., and Stapf D.A. Demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals in a bipolar disorder case registry J Clin Psychiatry 63 2002 120 125
67. Hirschfeld R.M., Lewis L., and Vornik L.A. Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder J Clin Psychiatry 64 2003 161 174
68. Truong K.D., and Ma S. A systematic review of relations between neighborhoods and mental health J Ment Health Policy Econ 9 2006 137 154
69. Robert S.A. Socioeconomic position and health: The independent contribution of community socioeconomic context Annu Rev Sociol 25 1999 489 516
70. Subramanian S.V., and Kawachi I. Whose health is affected by income inequality? A multilevel interaction analysis of contemporaneous and lagged effects of state income inequality on individual self-rated health in the United States Health Place 12 2006 141 156
71. Seeman T.E., Singer B.H., Rowe J.W., Horwitz R.I., and McEwen B.S. Price of adaptation-allostatic load and its health consequences. MacArthur studies of successful aging Arch Intern Med 157 1997 2259 2268
72. Barker D.J. Maternal nutrition, fetal nutrition, and disease in later life Nutrition 13 1997 807 813
73. Benazzi F., and Akiskal H.S. Delineating bipolar II mixed states in the Ravenna-San Diego collaborative study: the relative prevalence and diagnostic significance of hypomanic features during major depressive episodes J Affect Disord 67 2001 115 122
74. Bauer M.S., Simon G.E., Ludman E., and Unützer J. 'Bipolarity' in bipolar disorder: distribution of manic and depressive symptoms in a treated population Br J Psychiatry 187 2005 87 88
75. Suppes T., Mintz J., McElroy S.L., Altshuler L.L., Kupka R.W., and Frye M.A. Mixed hypomania in 908 patients with bipolar disorder evaluated prospectively in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Network: a sex-specific phenomenon Arch Gen Psychiatry 62 2005 1089 1096
76. Angst J. The emerging epidemiology of hypomania and bipolar II disorder J Affect Disord 50 1998 143 151
77. Judd L.L., Akiskal H.S., Schettler P.J., Endicott J., Maser J., and Solomon D.A. The long-term natural history of the weekly symptomatic status of bipolar I disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 59 2002 530 537
78. Paykel E.S., Abbott R., Morriss R., Hayhurst H., and Scott J. Sub-syndromal and syndromal symptoms in the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder Br J Psychiatry 189 2006 118 123
79. Perlis R.H., Ostacher M.J., Patel J.K., Marangell L.B., Zhang H., and Wisniewski S.R. Predictors of recurrence in bipolar disorder: primary outcomes from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) Am J Psychiatry 163 2006 217 224
80. Judd L.L., Schettler P.J., Akiskal H.S., Coryell W., Leon A.C., and Maser J.D. Residual symptom recovery from major affective episodes in bipolar disorders and rapid episode relapse/recurrence Arch Gen Psychiatry 65 2008 386 394
81. Piccinni A., Catena M., Del Debbio A., Marazziti D., Monje C., and Schiavi E. Health-related quality of life and functioning in remitted bipolar I outpatients Compr Psychiatry 48 2007 323 328
82. Malhi G.S., Ivanovski B., Hadzi-Pavlovic D., Mitchell P.B., Vieta E., and Sachdev P. Neuropsychological deficits and functional impairment in bipolar depression, hypomania and euthymia Bipolar Disord 9 2007 114 125
83. Congressional Budget Office Recent trends in the variability of individual earnings and household income, June 2008 http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm? index=9507 2008
84. Cutler D.M., and Gelber A.M. Changes in the incidence and duration of periods without insurance N Engl J Med 360 2009 1740 1748
85. Bryan K.A., and Martinez L. On the evolution of income inequality in the United States Fed Reserve Bank Richmond Econ Q 94 2008 97 120
86. Regev T., and Wilson D. Changes in income inequality across the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Economic Letter http://www.frbsf.org/ publications/economics/letter/2007/el2007-28.html 2007