A systematic review evaluating health-related quality of life, work impairment, and health-care costs and utilization in bipolar disorder

Current Medical Research and Opinion

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 139-154

  Dean, Bonnie B ^a   Gerner, Deborah ^a   Gerner, Robert H ^b  

^a Zynx Health   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Bipolar disorder; Health care utilization; Health related quality of life; Manic depressive illness; Work productivity and impairment

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CLONAZEPAM; CLOZAPINE; GABAPENTIN; HALOPERIDOL; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; RISPERIDONE; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM; VALPROIC ACID;

ABSENTEEISM; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EMPLOYMENT; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH SERVICE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDLINE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; PRODUCTIVITY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; WORK DISABILITY;

BIPOLAR DISORDER; EMPLOYMENT; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HEALTH SERVICES; HUMANS; QUALITY OF LIFE; SICKNESS IMPACT PROFILE;

EID: 1042291224     PISSN: 03007995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1185/030079903125002801     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Cerbone MJ, Mayo JA, Cuthbertson BA, O'Connell RA. Group therapy as an adjunct to medication in the management of bipolar affective disorder. Group 1992;16:174-87
2. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994
3. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic-Depressive Illness. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990
4. Goldberg JF, Harrow M, Grossman LS. Course and outcome in bipolar affective disorder: a longitudinal follow- up study. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:379-84
5. Dion GL, Tohen M, Anthony WA, Waternaux CS. Symptoms and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder six months after hospitalization. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1988;39:652-7
6. Keck PE, McElroy SL, Strakowski SM, et al. Outcome and comorbidity in first- compared with multiple-episode mania. J Nerv Ment Dis 1995;183:320-4
7. Post RM, Susan R, Weiss B. Sensitization, kindling, and carbamazepine: an update on their implications for the course of affective illness. Pharmacopsychiatry 1992;25:41-3
8. Tohen M, Waternaux CM, Tsuang MT. Outcome in mania. A 4-year prospective follow-up of 75 patients utilizing survival analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:1106-11
9. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Coryell W, Endicott J, Mueller TI. Bipolar I: a five-year prospective follow-up. J Nerv Ment Dis 1993;181:238-45
10. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:8-19
11. Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, et al. Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. JAMA 1996;276:293-9
12. Lewinsohn PM, Klein DN, Seeley JR. Bipolar disorders in a community sample of older adolescents: prevalence, phenomenology, comorbidity, and course. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34:454-63
13. Murray CJ, Lopez AD, Jamison DT. The global burden of disease in 1990: summary results, sensitivity analysis and future directions. Bull World Health Organ 1994;72:495-509
14. Wyatt RJ, Henter I. An economic evaluation of manic-depressive illness - 1991. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1995;30:213-19
15. Ghaemi SN, Boiman E, Goodwin FK. Insight and outcome in bipolar, unipolar, and anxiety disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2000;41:167-71
16. Leidy NK, Palmer C, Murray M, Robb J, Revicki DA. Health-related quality of life assessment in euthymic and depressed patients with bipolar disorder. Psychometric performance of four self-report measures. J Affect Disord 1998;48:207-14
17. Revicki DA, Tohen M, Gyulai L, et al. Telephone versus in-person clinical and health status assessment interviews in patients with bipolar disorder. Harv Rev Psychiatry 1997;5:75-81
18. Vojta C, Kinosian B, Glick H, Altshuler L, Bauer MS. Self-reported quality of life across mood states in bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2001;42:190-5
19. Bauer MS, Kirk GF, Gavin C, Williford WO. Determinants of functional outcome and healthcare costs in bipolar disorder: a high-intensity follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2001;65:231-41
20. Russo J, Roy-Byrne P, Reeder D, et al. Longitudinal assessment of quality of life in acute psychiatric inpatients: reliability and validity. J Nerv Ment Dis 1997;185:166-75
21. Tsevat J, Keck PE, Hornung RW, McElroy SL. Health values of patients with bipolar disorder. Qual Life Res 2000;9:579-86
22. MacQueen GM, Young LT, Robb JC, Cooke RG, Joffe RT. Levels of functioning and well-being in recovered psychotic versus nonpsychotic mania. J Affect Disord 1997;46:69-72
23. Rosen LN, Rosenthal NE, Dunner DL, Fieve RR. Social outcome compared in psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar I patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 1983;171:272-5
24. Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL, et al. The efficacy of lamotrigine in rapid cycling and non-rapid cycling patients with bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:953-8
25. O'Connell RA, Mayo JA, Flatow L, Cuthbertson B, O'Brien BE. Outcome of bipolar disorder on long-term treatment with lithium. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159:123-9
26. Benazzi F. Female vs. male outpatient depression: a 448-case study in private practice. Progress Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2000;24:475-81
27. Robb JC, Young LT, Cooke RG, Joffe RT. Gender differences in patients with bipolar disorder influence outcome in the medical outcomes survey (SF-20) subscale scores. J Affect Disord 1998;49:189-93
28. Carlson GA, Bromet EJ, Driessens C, Mojtabai R, Schwartz JE. Age at onset, childhood psychopathology, and 2-year outcome in psychotic bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002;2002;159:307-9
29. Bartels SJ, Mueser KT, Miles KM. A comparative study of elderly patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in nursing homes and the community. Schizophr Res 1997;27:181-90
30. Bartels SJ, Forester B, Miles KM, Joyce T. Mental health service use by elderly patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar major depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;8:160-6
31. MacQueen GM, Young LT, Robb JC, et al. Effect of number of episodes on wellbeing and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000;101:374-81
32. Cooke RG, Robb JC, Young LT, Joffe RT. Well-being and functioning in patients with bipolar disorder assessed using the MOS 20-ITEM short form (SF-20). J Affect Disord 1996;39:93-7
33. Arnold LM, Witzeman KA, Swank ML, McElroy SL, Keck PE, Jr. Health-related quality of life using the SF-36 in patients with bipolar disorder compared with patients with chronic back pain and the general population. J Affect Disord 2000;57:235-9
34. Bauer MS, Crits-Christoph P, Ball WA, et al. Independent assessment of manic and depressive symptoms by self-rating. Scale characteristics and implications for the study of mania. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:807-12
35. Robb JC, Cooke RG, Devins GM, Young LT, Joffe RT. Quality of life and lifestyle disruption in euthymic bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 1997;31:509-17
36. Atkinson M, Zibin S, Chuang H. Characterizing quality of life among patients with chronic mental illness: a critical examination of the self-report methodology. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:99-105
37. Goldberg JF, Harrow M, Grossman LS. Recurrent affective syndromes in bipolar and unipolar mood disorders at follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;166:382-5
38. Harrow M, Goldberg JF, Grossman LS, Meltzer HY. Outcome in manic disorders: a naturalistic follow-up study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:665-71
39. Benazzi F. Bipolar versus unipolar psychotic outpatient depression. J Affect Disord 1999;55:63-6
40. Benazzi F. Prevalence of bipolar II disorder in outpatient depression: a 203-case study in private practice. J Affect Disord 1997;43:163-6
41. Bromet EJ, Jandorf L, Fennig S, et al. The Suffolk County Mental Health Project: demographic, pre-morbid and clinical correlates of 6-month outcome. Psychol Med 1996;26:953-62
42. Marneros A, Deister A, Rohde A, Junemann H. Unipolar and bipolar schizoaffective disorders: a comparative study. III. Long-term outcome. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 1989;239:171-6
43. Dickerson FB, Sommerville J, Origoni AE, Ringel NB, Parente F. Outpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder: do they differ in their cognitive and social functioning? Psychiatry Res 2001;102:21-7
44. Bellack AS, Morrison RL, Mueser KT, Wade J. Social competence in schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and negative and non-negative schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1989;2:391-401
45. Grossman LS, Harrow M, Goldberg JF, Fichtner CG. Outcome of schizoaffective disorder at two long-term follow-ups: comparisons with outcome of schizophrenia and affective disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1990;148:1359-65
46. Martinez-Aran A, Penades R, Vieta E, et al. Executive function in patients with remitted bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and its relationship with functional outcome. Psychother Psychosom 2002;71:39-46
47. Tibbo P, Joffe K, Chue P, Metelitsa A, Wright E. Global assessment of functioning following assertive community treatment in Edmonton, Alberta: a longitudinal study. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:144-8
48. Suppes T, Dennehy EB, Swann AC, et al. Report of the Texas Consensus Conference Panel on medication treatment of bipolar disorder 2000. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:288-99
49. Solomon DA, Ristow WR, Keller MB, et al. Serum lithium levels and psychosocial function in patients with bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:1301-7
50. Lepkifker E, Horesh N, Floru S. Life satisfaction and adjustment in lithium-treated affective patients in remission. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988;78:391-5
51. Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Retzow A, Henn FA, Giedke H, Walden J. Valproate as an adjunct to neuroleptic medication for the treatment of acute episodes of mania: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. European Valproate Mania Study Group. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;20:195-203
52. Sanderson DR. Use of mood stabilizers by hospitalized geriatric patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Serv 1998;49:1145-7
53. Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. Divalproex Maintenance Study Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:481-9
54. Hayes SG. Long-term use of valproate in primary psychiatric disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 1989;50(Suppl):35-9
55. Goldberg JF, Harrow M, Leon AC. Lithium treatment of bipolar affective disorders under naturalistic follow-up conditions. Psychopharmacol Bull 1996;32:47-54
56. Small JG, Klapper MH, Marhenke JD, et al. Lithium combined with carbamazepine or haloperidol in the treatment of mania. Psychopharmacol Bull 1995;31:265-72
57. Ghaemi SN, Goodwin FK. Gabapentin treatment of the non-refractory bipolar spectrum: an open case series. J Affect Disord 2001;65:167-71
58. Calabrese JR, Suppes T, Bowden CL, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, prophylaxis study of lamotrigine in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Lamictal 614 Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:841-50
59. Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, McElroy SL, et al. Spectrum of activity of lamotrigine in treatment-refractory bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1019-23
60. Ichim L, Berk M, Brook S. Lamotrigine compared with lithium in mania: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2000;12:5-10
61. Fatemi SH, Rapport DJ, Calabrese JR, Thuras P. Lamotrigine in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58:522-7
62. Clark HM, Berk M, Brook S. A randomized controlled single blind study of the efficacy of clonazepam and lithium in the treatment of acute mania. Human Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 1997;12:325-8
63. Banov MD, Zarate CA Jr, Tohen M, et al. Clozapine therapy in refractory affective disorders: polarity predicts response in long-term follow-up. J Clin Psychiatry 1994;55:295-300
64. Tohen M, Sanger TM, McElroy SL, et al. Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of acute mania. Olanzapine HGEH Study Group. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:702-9.
65. Segal J, Berk M, Brook S. Risperidone compared with both lithium and haloperidol in mania: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 1998;21:176-80
66. Ghaemi SN, Sachs GS. Long-term risperidone treatment in bipolar disorder: 6-month follow up. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;12:333-8
67. Ghaemi SN, Sachs GS, Baldassano CF, Truman CJ. Acute treatment of bipolar disorder with adjunctive risperidone in outpatients. Can J Psychiatry 1997;42:196-9
68. Shi L, Namjoshi MA, Zhang F, et al. Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of acute mania: clinical outcomes, health-related quality of life and work status. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;17:227-37
69. Sharma V, Pistor L. Treatment of bipolar mixed state with olanzapine. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1999;24:40-4
70. Namjoshi MA, Rajamannar G, Jacobs T, et al. Economic, clinical, and quality-of-life outcomes associated with olanzapine treatment in mania. Results from a randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2002;69:109-18
71. O'Connell RA, Mayo JA, Eng LK, Jones JS, Gabel RH. Social support and long-term lithium outcome. Br J Psychiatry 1985;147:272-5
72. Patelis-Siotis I, Young LT, Robb JC, et al. Group cognitive behavioral therapy for bipolar disorder: a feasibility and effectiveness study. J Affect Disord 2001;65:145-53
73. Galvin PM, Knezek LD, Rush AJ, Toprac MG, Johnson B. Clinical and economic impact of newer versus older antipsychotic medications in a community mental health center. Clin Ther 1999;21:1105-16
74. ten Have M, Vollebergh W, Bijl R, Nolen WA. Bipolar disorder in the general population in The Netherlands (prevalence, consequences and care utilisation): results from The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). J Affect Disord 2002;68:203-13
75. Tsai SY, Chen CC, Yeh EK. Alcohol problems and long-term psychosocial outcome in Chinese patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 1997;46:143-50
76. Haglund L, Thorell LH, Walinder J. Occupational functioning in relation to psychiatric diagnoses: schizophrenia and mood disorders. Nordic J Psychiatry 1998;52:223-9
77. Strakowski SM, Williams JR, Fleck DE, DelBello MP. Eight-month functional outcome from mania following a first psychiatric hospitalization. J Psychiatr Res 2000;34:193-200
78. Jiang HK. A prospective one-year follow-up study of patients with bipolar affective disorder. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1999;62:477-86
79. Taieb O, Flament M, Chevret S, et al. Clinical relevance of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents with severe mood disorder: evidence from a follow-up study. Eur Psychiatry 2002;17:206-12
80. Regier DA, Narrow WE, Rae DS, et al. The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system. Epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:85-94
81. Narrow WE, Regier DA, Rae DS, Manderscheid RW, Locke BZ. Use of services by persons with mental and addictive disorders. Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:95-107
82. Das Gupta R, Guest JF. Annual cost of bipolar disorder to UK society. Br J Psychiatry 2002;180:227-33
83. Ozerdem A, Tunca Z, Kaya N. The relatively good prognosis of bipolar disorders in a Turkish bipolar clinic. J Affect Disord 2001;64:27-34
84. Olie JP, Levy E. Manic episodes: the direct cost of a three-month period following hospitalisation. Eur Psychiatry 2002;17:278-86
85. Simon GE, Unutzer J. Health care utilization and costs among patients treated for bipolar disorder in an insured population. Psychiatr Serv 1999;50:1303-8
86. Hu TW, Rush AJ. Depressive disorders: treatment patterns and costs of treatment in the private sector of the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1995;30:224-30
87. Sajatovic M, Popli A, Semple W. Ten-year use of hospital-based services by geriatric veterans with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Serv 1996;47:961-5
88. Ashton CM, Petersen NJ, Souchek J, et al. Geographic variations in utilization rates in Veterans Affairs hospitals and clinics. N Engl J Med 1999;340:32-9
89. Michalon M, Richman A. Factors affecting length of stay in a psychiatric intensive care unit. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1990;12:303-8
90. Healy D, Savage M, Michael P, et al. Psychiatric bed utilization: 1896 and 1996 compared. Psychol Med 2001;31:779-90
91. Tohen M, Zarate CA, Zarate SB, Gebre-Medhin P, Pike S. The McLean/ Harvard first-episode mania project: pharmacologic treatment and outcome. Psychiatric Annals 1996;26:S444-S448
92. Suhail K, Cochrane R. Seasonal variations in hospital admissions for affective disorders by gender and ethnicity. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1998;33:211-17
93. Li J, McCombs JS, Stimmel GL. Cost of treating bipolar disorder in the California Medicaid (Medi-Cal) program. J Affect Disord 2002;71:131-39
94. Svarstad BL, Shireman TI, Sweeney JK. Using drug claims data to assess the relationship of medication adherence with hospitalization and costs. Psychiatr Serv 2001;52:805-11
95. Frye MA, Altshuler LL, Szuba MP, Finch NN, Mintz J. The relationship between antimanic agent for treatment of classic or dysphoric mania and length of hospital stay. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57:17-21
96. Kutcher S, Robertson HA. Electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant bipolar youth. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1995;5:167-75
97. Benazzi F. Antidepressant-associated hypomania in outpatient depression: a 203-case study in private practice. J Affect Disord 1997;46:73-7