메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 2-50

Multilevel Modeling: Current and Future Applications in Personality Research

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; PERSONALITY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL;

EID: 78651246871     PISSN: 00223506     EISSN: 14676494     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00681.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (109)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 0003622514 scopus 로고
    • Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions
    • New York: Sage.
    • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. New York: Sage.
    • (1991)
    • Aiken, L.S.1    West, S.G.2
  • 2
    • 38549092235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doctoral training in statistics, measurement, and methodology in psychology
    • Replication and extension of Aiken, West, Sechrest, and Reno (1990) survey of Ph.D. programs in North America.
    • Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Millsap, R. E. (2008). Doctoral training in statistics, measurement, and methodology in psychology: Replication and extension of Aiken, West, Sechrest, and Reno (1990) survey of Ph.D. programs in North America. American Psychologist, 63, 32-50.
    • (2008) American Psychologist , vol.63 , pp. 32-50
    • Aiken, L.S.1    West, S.G.2    Millsap, R.E.3
  • 3
    • 78649931036 scopus 로고
    • Second International Symposium on Information Theory
    • In, B. N. Petrov &, F. Csaki, Eds.) Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
    • Akaike, H. (1973). Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In B. N. Petrov & F. Csaki (Eds.), Second International Symposium on Information Theory (pp. 267-281). Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
    • (1973) Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle , pp. 267-281
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 5
    • 0001119971 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of knowledge
    • Questions about memory we forgot to ask.
    • Bahrick, H. P. (1979). Maintenance of knowledge: Questions about memory we forgot to ask. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 296-308.
    • (1979) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.108 , pp. 296-308
    • Bahrick, H.P.1
  • 6
    • 33645003368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing interactions in fixed and multilevel regression
    • Inferential and graphical techniques.
    • Bauer, D. J., & Curran, P. J. (2005). Probing interactions in fixed and multilevel regression: Inferential and graphical techniques. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 40, 373-400.
    • (2005) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.40 , pp. 373-400
    • Bauer, D.J.1    Curran, P.J.2
  • 7
    • 0003713797 scopus 로고
    • Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity
    • New York: Wiley.
    • Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R. E. (1980). Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York: Wiley.
    • (1980)
    • Belsley, D.A.1    Kuh, E.2    Welsch, R.E.3
  • 8
    • 67749089102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel modeling of educational data
    • In, A. A. O'Connell &, D. B. McCoach, Eds.) Charlotte, NC: Information Age.
    • Beretvas, S. N. (2008). Cross-classified random effects models. In A. A. O'Connell & D. B. McCoach (Eds.), Multilevel modeling of educational data (pp. 161-197). Charlotte, NC: Information Age.
    • (2008) Cross-classified random effects models , pp. 161-197
    • Beretvas, S.N.1
  • 10
    • 0344181621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality over time
    • Methodological approaches to the study of short-term and long-term development and change
    • Biesanz, J. C., West, S. G., & Kwok, O. M. (2003). Personality over time: Methodological approaches to the study of short-term and long-term development and change. Journal of Personality, 71, 905-942.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality , vol.71 , pp. 905-942
    • Biesanz, J.C.1    West, S.G.2    Kwok, O.M.3
  • 11
    • 33846023674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do you learn about someone over time? The relationship between length of acquaintance and consensus and self-other agreement in judgments of personality
    • Biesanz, J. C., West, S. G., & Millevoi, A. (2007). What do you learn about someone over time? The relationship between length of acquaintance and consensus and self-other agreement in judgments of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 119-135.
    • (2007) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 119-135
    • Biesanz, J.C.1    West, S.G.2    Millevoi, A.3
  • 12
    • 84949810763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latent curve models: A structural equation perspective
    • Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
    • Bollen, K. A., & Curran, P. J. (2006). Latent curve models: A structural equation perspective. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
    • (2006)
    • Bollen, K.A.1    Curran, P.J.2
  • 13
    • 78651234837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PINT (Power in two-level designs) user's manual. Oxford, UK: Author. Available from
    • Bosker, R. J., Snijders, T. A. B., & Guldemond, H. (2003). PINT (Power in two-level designs) user's manual. Oxford, UK: Author. Available from
    • (2003)
    • Bosker, R.J.1    Snijders, T.A.B.2    Guldemond, H.3
  • 14
    • 78651257440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A guide to sample size calculations for random effect models via simulation and the MLPowSim software package. University of Bristol, UK. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from
    • Browne, W. J., Golalizadeh-Lahi, M., & Parker, R. M. A. (2009). A guide to sample size calculations for random effect models via simulation and the MLPowSim software package. University of Bristol, UK. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from
    • (2009)
    • Browne, W.J.1    Golalizadeh-Lahi, M.2    Parker, R.M.A.3
  • 15
    • 0003464583 scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods
    • Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1992)
    • Bryk, A.S.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2
  • 16
    • 32944475010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of multilevel structural equation modeling to cross-cultural research
    • Cheung, M. W. L., & Au, K. (2005). Applications of multilevel structural equation modeling to cross-cultural research. Structural Equation Modeling, 12, 598-619.
    • (2005) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.12 , pp. 598-619
    • Cheung, M.W.L.1    Au, K.2
  • 17
    • 0003519438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences
    • (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2003)
    • Cohen, J.1    Cohen, P.2    West, S.G.3    Aiken, L.S.4
  • 18
    • 78649590060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of research methods in personality psychology
    • The theory and practice of experience sampling. In, R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, amp; R. R. Krueger, Eds.) New York: Guilford Press.
    • Conner, T. S., Feldman-Barrett, L., Tugade, M. M., & Tennen, H. (2007). Idiographic personality: The theory and practice of experience sampling. In R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. R. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 79-96). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2007) Idiographic personality , pp. 79-96
    • Conner, T.S.1    Feldman-Barrett, L.2    Tugade, M.M.3    Tennen, H.4
  • 19
    • 78651257033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford handbook of quantitative methods
    • in press). In, T. Little, Ed.), New York: Oxford University Press.
    • Coxe, S. J., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (in press). Generalized linear models. In T. Little (Ed.), Oxford handbook of quantitative methods. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • Generalized linear models
    • Coxe, S.J.1    West, S.G.2    Aiken, L.S.3
  • 20
    • 34248561811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defense mechanisms predict differential lifespan change in self-control and self-acceptance
    • Cramer, P., & Jones, C. J. (2007). Defense mechanisms predict differential lifespan change in self-control and self-acceptance. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 841-855.
    • (2007) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.41 , pp. 841-855
    • Cramer, P.1    Jones, C.J.2
  • 21
    • 0030305195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed-effects models in the study of individual differences with repeated measures data
    • Cudeck, R. (1996). Mixed-effects models in the study of individual differences with repeated measures data. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 31, 371-403.
    • (1996) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.31 , pp. 371-403
    • Cudeck, R.1
  • 22
    • 85047671090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiphase mixed effects models for repeated measures data
    • Cudeck, R., & Klebe, K. J. (2002). Multiphase mixed effects models for repeated measures data. Psychological Methods, 7, 41-63.
    • (2002) Psychological Methods , vol.7 , pp. 41-63
    • Cudeck, R.1    Klebe, K.J.2
  • 23
    • 0842285954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Have multilevel models been structural equation models all along?
    • Curran, P. J. (2003). Have multilevel models been structural equation models all along? Multivariate Behavioral Research, 38, 529-568.
    • (2003) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.38 , pp. 529-568
    • Curran, P.J.1
  • 24
    • 84892351003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of multilevel analysis
    • de Leeuw, J., amp; Meijer, E., Eds.). New York: Springer.
    • de Leeuw, J., & Meijer, E. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of multilevel analysis. New York: Springer.
    • (2008)
  • 25
    • 33645862952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioral science
    • In, B. S. Everitt &, D. C. Howell, Eds.), Chichester, UK: Wiley.
    • Enders, C. K. (2005). Maximum likelihood estimation. In B. S. Everitt & D. C. Howell (Eds.), Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioral science (Vol. 3, pp. 1164-1170). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
    • (2005) Maximum likelihood estimation , vol.3 , pp. 1164-1170
    • Enders, C.K.1
  • 26
    • 34548463099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models
    • A new look at an old issue.
    • Enders, C. K., & Tofighi, D. (2007). Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods, 12, 121-138.
    • (2007) Psychological Methods , vol.12 , pp. 121-138
    • Enders, C.K.1    Tofighi, D.2
  • 27
    • 33845601607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models
    • New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • Gelman, A., & Hill, J. (2007). Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2007)
    • Gelman, A.1    Hill, J.2
  • 28
    • 70350471314 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel mixed linear model analysis using iterative generalized least squares
    • Goldstein, H. (1986). Multilevel mixed linear model analysis using iterative generalized least squares. Biometrika, 73, 43-56.
    • (1986) Biometrika , vol.73 , pp. 43-56
    • Goldstein, H.1
  • 29
    • 0003445439 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel statistical models
    • (2nd ed.). London: Arnold.
    • Goldstein, H. (1995). Multilevel statistical models (2nd ed.). London: Arnold.
    • (1995)
    • Goldstein, H.1
  • 30
    • 0000429066 scopus 로고
    • A general model for the analysis of multilevel data
    • Goldstein, H., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). A general model for the analysis of multilevel data. Psychometrika, 53, 455-467.
    • (1988) Psychometrika , vol.53 , pp. 455-467
    • Goldstein, H.1    McDonald, R.P.2
  • 31
    • 0001421956 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of variance and covariance components
    • Henderson, C. R. (1953). Estimation of variance and covariance components. Biometrics, 9, 226-252.
    • (1953) Biometrics , vol.9 , pp. 226-252
    • Henderson, C.R.1
  • 32
    • 65849104845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel models for examining individual differences in within-person variation and covariation over time
    • Hoffman, L. (2007). Multilevel models for examining individual differences in within-person variation and covariation over time. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 609-629.
    • (2007) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.42 , pp. 609-629
    • Hoffman, L.1
  • 33
    • 84917274877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications
    • (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
    • Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
    • (2010)
    • Hox, J.J.1
  • 34
    • 1642493333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of multilevel structural equation modeling with pseudobalanced groups and small samples
    • Hox, J. J., & Maas, C. J. (2001). The accuracy of multilevel structural equation modeling with pseudobalanced groups and small samples. Structural Equation, 8, 157-174.
    • (2001) Structural Equation , vol.8 , pp. 157-174
    • Hox, J.J.1    Maas, C.J.2
  • 36
    • 0029897926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of personality change across the life span
    • Jones, C. J., & Meredith, W. (1996). Patterns of personality change across the life span. Psychology and Aging, 11, 57-65.
    • (1996) Psychology and Aging , vol.11 , pp. 57-65
    • Jones, C.J.1    Meredith, W.2
  • 37
    • 0001639661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of social psychology
    • In, D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, amp; G. Lindzey, Eds.), 4th ed. -). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 233-265). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1998) Data analysis in social psychology , pp. 233-265
    • Kenny, D.A.1    Kashy, D.A.2    Bolger, N.3
  • 38
    • 0011196920 scopus 로고
    • Personality and social psychology: Towards a synthesis
    • Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • Krahé, B. (1992). Personality and social psychology: Towards a synthesis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1992)
    • Krahé, B.1
  • 39
    • 0004052979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introducing multilevel modeling
    • Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • Kreft, I. G. G., & de Leeuw, J. (1998). Introducing multilevel modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1998)
    • Kreft, I.G.G.1    de Leeuw, J.2
  • 40
    • 84861194072 scopus 로고
    • The effect of different forms of centering in hierarchical linear models
    • Kreft, I. G. G., de Leeuw, J., & Aiken, L. S. (1995). The effect of different forms of centering in hierarchical linear models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 30, 1-21.
    • (1995) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.30 , pp. 1-21
    • Kreft, I.G.G.1    de Leeuw, J.2    Aiken, L.S.3
  • 41
    • 36048985795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of misspecifying the within-subject covariance structure in multiwave longitudinal multilevel models
    • A Monte Carlo study.
    • Kwok, O. M., West, S. G., & Green, S. B. (2007). The impact of misspecifying the within-subject covariance structure in multiwave longitudinal multilevel models: A Monte Carlo study. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 557-592.
    • (2007) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.42 , pp. 557-592
    • Kwok, O.M.1    West, S.G.2    Green, S.B.3
  • 43
    • 0000564847 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel analysis of structural equation models
    • Lee, S. Y. (1990). Multilevel analysis of structural equation models. Biometrika, 77, 763-772.
    • (1990) Biometrika , vol.77 , pp. 763-772
    • Lee, S.Y.1
  • 44
    • 0031744665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local influence in linear mixed models
    • Lesaffre, E., & Verbeke, G. (1998). Local influence in linear mixed models. Biometrics, 54, 570-582.
    • (1998) Biometrics , vol.54 , pp. 570-582
    • Lesaffre, E.1    Verbeke, G.2
  • 45
    • 78651238509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel modeling of health statistics
    • In, A. H. Leyland &, H. Goldstein, Eds.) New York: Wiley.
    • Lewis, T., & Langford, I. H. (2001). Outliers, robustness and the detection of discrepant data. In A. H. Leyland & H. Goldstein (Eds.), Multilevel modeling of health statistics (pp. 75-91). New York: Wiley.
    • (2001) Outliers, robustness and the detection of discrepant data , pp. 75-91
    • Lewis, T.1    Langford, I.H.2
  • 46
    • 21144481043 scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis for clustered observations
    • Longford, N. T., & Muthén, B. O. (1992). Factor analysis for clustered observations. Psychometrika, 57, 581-597.
    • (1992) Psychometrika , vol.57 , pp. 581-597
    • Longford, N.T.1    Muthén, B.O.2
  • 47
    • 84944087444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness
    • Reactions to changes in marital status.
    • Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2003). Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: Reactions to changes in marital status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 527-539.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 527-539
    • Lucas, R.E.1    Clark, A.E.2    Georgellis, Y.3    Diener, E.4
  • 48
    • 48449087653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multilevel latent covariate model
    • A new, more reliable approach to group-level effects in contextual studies
    • Lüdtke, O., Marsh, H. W., Robitzsch, A., Trautwein, U., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2008). The multilevel latent covariate model: A new, more reliable approach to group-level effects in contextual studies. Psychological Methods, 13, 203-229.
    • (2008) Psychological Methods , vol.13 , pp. 203-229
    • Lüdtke, O.1    Marsh, H.W.2    Robitzsch, A.3    Trautwein, U.4    Asparouhov, T.5    Muthén, B.O.6
  • 49
    • 70449580871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of ignoring a crossed factor in analyzing multilevel data with cross-classified structures
    • A Monte Carlo study.
    • Luo, W., & Kwok, O. M. (2009). Impacts of ignoring a crossed factor in analyzing multilevel data with cross-classified structures: A Monte Carlo study. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 44, 182-212.
    • (2009) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.44 , pp. 182-212
    • Luo, W.1    Kwok, O.M.2
  • 50
    • 33745938827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to statistical mediation analysis
    • Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2008)
    • MacKinnon, D.P.1
  • 51
    • 60549106688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latent variable modeling of differences and changes in longitudinal data
    • McArdle, J. J. (2009). Latent variable modeling of differences and changes in longitudinal data. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 577-605.
    • (2009) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 577-605
    • McArdle, J.J.1
  • 52
    • 0036370109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative longitudinal structural analyses of the growth and decline of multiple intellectual abilities over the life span
    • McArdle, J. J., Ferrer-Caja, E., Hamagami, F., & Woodcock, R. W. (2002). Comparative longitudinal structural analyses of the growth and decline of multiple intellectual abilities over the life span. Developmental Psychology, 38, 115-142.
    • (2002) Developmental Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 115-142
    • McArdle, J.J.1    Ferrer-Caja, E.2    Hamagami, F.3    Woodcock, R.W.4
  • 53
    • 43249108118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The content and processes of autobiographical reasoning in narrative identity
    • McLean, K. C., & Fournier, M. A. (2008). The content and processes of autobiographical reasoning in narrative identity. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 527-545.
    • (2008) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.42 , pp. 527-545
    • McLean, K.C.1    Fournier, M.A.2
  • 54
    • 0034149767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting the individual back into individual growth curves
    • Mehta, P. D., & West, S. G. (2000). Putting the individual back into individual growth curves. Psychological Methods, 5, 23-43.
    • (2000) Psychological Methods , vol.5 , pp. 23-43
    • Mehta, P.D.1    West, S.G.2
  • 55
    • 33846947931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of inappropriate modeling of cross-classified data structures
    • Meyers, J., & Beretvas, S. N. (2006). The impact of inappropriate modeling of cross-classified data structures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 41, 473-497.
    • (2006) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.41 , pp. 473-497
    • Meyers, J.1    Beretvas, S.N.2
  • 56
    • 0141864209 scopus 로고
    • Sample size requirements for 2-level designs in educational research
    • Mok, M. (1995). Sample size requirements for 2-level designs in educational research. Multilevel Modeling Newsletter, 7, 11-15.
    • (1995) Multilevel Modeling Newsletter , vol.7 , pp. 11-15
    • Mok, M.1
  • 57
    • 0345040656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to use a Monte Carlo study to decide on sample size and determine power
    • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2002). How to use a Monte Carlo study to decide on sample size and determine power. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 599-620.
    • (2002) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.9 , pp. 599-620
    • Muthén, L.K.1    Muthén, B.O.2
  • 58
    • 84886337777 scopus 로고
    • Complex sample data in structural equation modeling
    • Muthén, B. O., & Satorra, A. (1995). Complex sample data in structural equation modeling. Sociological Methodology, 25, 267-316.
    • (1995) Sociological Methodology , vol.25 , pp. 267-316
    • Muthén, B.O.1    Satorra, A.2
  • 59
    • 0035536252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel random coefficient analyses of event- and interval-contingent data in social and personality research
    • Nezlek, J. B. (2001). Multilevel random coefficient analyses of event- and interval-contingent data in social and personality research. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 771-785.
    • (2001) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.27 , pp. 771-785
    • Nezlek, J.B.1
  • 60
    • 78651247188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of research methods in personality psychology
    • In, R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, amp; R. R. Krueger, Eds.) New York: Guilford Press.
    • Nezlek, J. B. (2007). Multilevel modeling in personality research. In R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. R. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 502-522). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2007) Multilevel modeling in personality research , pp. 502-522
    • Nezlek, J.B.1
  • 62
    • 34548821575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential mobility, self-concept, and positive affect in social interactions
    • Oishi, S., Lun, J., & Sherman, G. D. (2007). Residential mobility, self-concept, and positive affect in social interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 131-141.
    • (2007) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.93 , pp. 131-141
    • Oishi, S.1    Lun, J.2    Sherman, G.D.3
  • 63
    • 33845474311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis
    • Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 437-448.
    • (2006) Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics , vol.31 , pp. 437-448
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Curran, P.J.2    Bauer, D.J.3
  • 64
    • 77956838713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation., Psychological Methods,
    • Preacher, K. J., Zyphur, M. J., & Zhang, Z. (2010). A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation. Psychological Methods, 15, 209-233.
    • (2010) , vol.15 , pp. 209-233
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Zyphur, M.J.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 65
    • 84892326536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of multilevel analysis
    • In, J. de Leeuw &, E. Meyer, Eds.) New York: Springer.
    • Rasbash, J., & Browne, W. J. (2008). Non-hierarchical multilevel models. In J. de Leeuw & E. Meyer (Eds.), Handbook of multilevel analysis (pp. 301-334). New York: Springer.
    • (2008) Non-hierarchical multilevel models , pp. 301-334
    • Rasbash, J.1    Browne, W.J.2
  • 66
    • 0001605592 scopus 로고
    • Efficient analysis of mixed hierarchical and cross-classified random structures using a multilevel model
    • Rasbash, J., & Goldstein, H. (1994). Efficient analysis of mixed hierarchical and cross-classified random structures using a multilevel model. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 19, 337-350.
    • (1994) Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics , vol.19 , pp. 337-350
    • Rasbash, J.1    Goldstein, H.2
  • 67
    • 0001585474 scopus 로고
    • A crossed random effects model for unbalanced data with applications in cross-sectional and longitudinal research
    • Raudenbush, S. W. (1993). A crossed random effects model for unbalanced data with applications in cross-sectional and longitudinal research. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 18, 321-349.
    • (1993) Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics , vol.18 , pp. 321-349
    • Raudenbush, S.W.1
  • 68
    • 0003967354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods
    • (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2002)
    • Raudenbush, S.W.1    Bryk, A.S.2
  • 69
    • 33744740503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLM6: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling
    • Lincolnwood, IL: SSI.
    • Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., Cheong, Y., Congdon, R., & du Toit, M. (2004). HLM6: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling. Lincolnwood, IL: SSI.
    • (2004)
    • Raudenbush, S.W.1    Bryk, A.S.2    Cheong, Y.3    Congdon, R.4    du Toit, M.5
  • 70
    • 0003161461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology
    • In, H. T. Reis &, C. M. Judd, Eds.) New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • Reis, H. T., & Gable, S. L. (2000). Event-sampling and other methods for studying daily experience. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 190-222). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Event-sampling and other methods for studying daily experience , pp. 190-222
    • Reis, H.T.1    Gable, S.L.2
  • 72
    • 78651245779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group dependency in the presence of small intraclass correlation coefficients: An argument in favor of not interpreting the ICC. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Meeting, Chicago. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from
    • Roberts, J. K. (2007, April). Group dependency in the presence of small intraclass correlation coefficients: An argument in favor of not interpreting the ICC. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Meeting, Chicago. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from
    • (2007)
    • Roberts, J.K.1
  • 73
    • 78651253463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of small group sizes on the estimation of multilevel models: A Monte Carlo study. Unpublished master's thesis, Arizona State University.
    • Ryu, E. (2004). Effects of small group sizes on the estimation of multilevel models: A Monte Carlo study. Unpublished master's thesis, Arizona State University.
    • (2004)
    • Ryu, E.1
  • 74
    • 77956831890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Level-specific evaluation of model fit in multilevel structural equation modeling
    • Ryu, E., & West, S. G. (2009). Level-specific evaluation of model fit in multilevel structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 583-601.
    • (2009) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.16 , pp. 583-601
    • Ryu, E.1    West, S.G.2
  • 75
    • 0000120766 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the dimension of a model
    • Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. Annals of Statistics, 6, 461-464.
    • (1978) Annals of Statistics , vol.6 , pp. 461-464
    • Schwarz, G.1
  • 76
    • 63549145595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence measures for general linear models with correlated errors
    • Shi, L., & Chen, G. (2009). Influence measures for general linear models with correlated errors. American Statistician, 63, 40-42.
    • (2009) American Statistician , vol.63 , pp. 40-42
    • Shi, L.1    Chen, G.2
  • 77
    • 48249153186 scopus 로고
    • Intraclass correlations
    • Uses in assessing rater reliability.
    • Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 420-428.
    • (1979) Psychological Bulletin , vol.86 , pp. 420-428
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Fleiss, J.L.2
  • 78
    • 33644754859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The costs and benefits of practical and emotional support on adjustment
    • A daily diary study of couples experiencing acute stress.
    • Shrout, P. E., Herman, C. E., & Bolger, N. (2006). The costs and benefits of practical and emotional support on adjustment: A daily diary study of couples experiencing acute stress. Personal Relationships, 13, 115-134.
    • (2006) Personal Relationships , vol.13 , pp. 115-134
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Herman, C.E.2    Bolger, N.3
  • 79
    • 84921350530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence
    • New York: Oxford University Press.
    • Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2003)
    • Singer, J.D.1    Willett, J.B.2
  • 80
    • 85053675227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized latent variable modeling: Multilevel, longitudinal, and structural equation models
    • Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
    • Skrondal, A., & Rabe-Hesketh, S. (2004). Generalized latent variable modeling: Multilevel, longitudinal, and structural equation models. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
    • (2004)
    • Skrondal, A.1    Rabe-Hesketh, S.2
  • 81
    • 84885127115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of multilevel analysis
    • In, J. de Leeuw &, E. Meijer, Eds.) New York: Springer.
    • Snijders, T. A. B., & Berkhof, J. (2008). Diagnostic checks for multilevel models. In J. de Leeuw & E. Meijer (Eds.), Handbook of multilevel analysis (pp. 140-175). New York: Springer.
    • (2008) Diagnostic checks for multilevel models , pp. 140-175
    • Snijders, T.A.B.1    Berkhof, J.2
  • 83
    • 0003560587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling
    • Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. J. (1999). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1999)
    • Snijders, T.A.B.1    Bosker, R.J.2
  • 84
    • 0000245068 scopus 로고
    • Handbook of social psychology
    • In, G. Lindsay &, E. Aronson, Eds.), New York: Random House.
    • Snyder, M., & Ickes, W. (1985). Personality and social behavior. In G. Lindsay & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 883-947). New York: Random House.
    • (1985) Personality and social behavior , vol.2 , pp. 883-947
    • Snyder, M.1    Ickes, W.2
  • 85
    • 33845670403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the likelihood ratio test in structural equation modeling when parameters are subject to boundary constraints
    • Stoel, R. D., Garre, F. G., Dolan, C., & van den Wittenboer, G. (2006). On the likelihood ratio test in structural equation modeling when parameters are subject to boundary constraints. Psychological Methods, 11, 439-455.
    • (2006) Psychological Methods , vol.11 , pp. 439-455
    • Stoel, R.D.1    Garre, F.G.2    Dolan, C.3    van den Wittenboer, G.4
  • 87
    • 0003526952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear mixed models for longitudinal data
    • New York: Springer.
    • Verbeke, G., & Molenberghs, G. (2000). Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. New York: Springer.
    • (2000)
    • Verbeke, G.1    Molenberghs, G.2
  • 88
    • 85045503098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental personality designs
    • Analyzing categorical by continuous variable interactions.
    • West, S. G., Aiken, L. S., & Krull, J. L. (1996). Experimental personality designs: Analyzing categorical by continuous variable interactions. Journal of Personality, 64, 1-48.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality , vol.64 , pp. 1-48
    • West, S.G.1    Aiken, L.S.2    Krull, J.L.3
  • 89
    • 78651232154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of research methods in personality psychology
    • Applications of the basics and beyond in personality research. In, R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, amp; R. Krueger, Eds.) New York: Guilford Press.
    • West, S. G., Aiken, L. S., Wu, W., & Taylor, A. B. (2007). Multiple regression: Applications of the basics and beyond in personality research. In R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 573-601). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2007) Multiple regression , pp. 573-601
    • West, S.G.1    Aiken, L.S.2    Wu, W.3    Taylor, A.B.4
  • 90
    • 0026215934 scopus 로고
    • Statistical issues in the study of temporal data
    • Daily experiences.
    • West, S. G., & Hepworth, J. T. (1991). Statistical issues in the study of temporal data: Daily experiences. Journal of Personality, 59, 609-662.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality , vol.59 , pp. 609-662
    • West, S.G.1    Hepworth, J.T.2
  • 91
    • 56449106927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of retention in first grade on children's achievement trajectories over four years
    • A piecewise growth analysis using propensity score matching.
    • Wu, W., West, S. G., & Hughes, J. N. (2008). Effect of retention in first grade on children's achievement trajectories over four years: A piecewise growth analysis using propensity score matching. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100, 727-740.
    • (2008) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.100 , pp. 727-740
    • Wu, W.1    West, S.G.2    Hughes, J.N.3
  • 92
    • 20744442254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-level confirmatory factor analysis of a modified Rosenberg self-esteem scale
    • Zimprich, D., Perren, S., & Hornung, R. (2005). A two-level confirmatory factor analysis of a modified Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65, 465-481.
    • (2005) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.65 , pp. 465-481
    • Zimprich, D.1    Perren, S.2    Hornung, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.