Microencapsulation: An acclaimed Novel Drug-Delivery System for NSAIDs in arthritis

Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 509-545

  Manjanna, K M ^a   Shivakumar, B ^b   Pramod Kumar, T M ^c  

^a TVM College of Pharmacy   (India)

^b BLDE University Campus   (India)

^c JSS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY   (India)

Author keywords

COX 1 and COX 2 NSAIDs; Inflammation; Microparticulate; Novel drug delivery; Pain; Patient compliance; Rheumatoid arthritis (RA); Sustained release

Indexed keywords

ACECLOFENAC; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BENOXAPROFEN; DEXIBUPROFEN; DICLOFENAC; DIFLUNISAL; ETODOLAC; FENCLOFENAC; FENOPROFEN; FLURBIPROFEN; IBUPROFEN; INDOMETACIN; INDOPROFEN; ISOXICAM; KETOPROFEN; KETOROLAC TROMETAMOL; MECLOFENAMIC ACID; MEFENAMIC ACID; NAPROXEN; NIFLUMIC ACID; NIMESULIDE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OXYPHENBUTAZONE; PHENYLBUTAZONE; PIROXICAM; PIRPROFEN; SUDOXICAM; SULINDAC; TENOXICAM; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTHRITIS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CENTRIFUGATION; CHEMICAL PROCEDURES; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; COACERVATION; CONSTIPATION; CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE; CROSS LINKING; DIFFUSION; DRUG CLASSIFICATION; DRUG COATING; DRUG MECHANISM; DYSPEPSIA; EMULSION; ENZYME INHIBITION; ESOPHAGITIS; EVAPORATION; GELATION; HUMAN; INTESTINAL NEPHRITIS; MELT SOLIDIFICATION; MICROENCAPSULATION; NEPHRITIS; NONHUMAN; PEPTIC ULCER; PHASE SEPARATION; POLYMERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SODIUM RETENTION; SOLVENT EXTRACTION; SPRAY CONGEALING; SPRAY DRYING; STOMACH HEMORRHAGE; STOMACH IRRITATION; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; TIME TO MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; VIBRATIONAL NOZZLE PROCESS; WATER RETENTION;

EID: 78650037661     PISSN: 07434863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v27.i6.20     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Singh BN, Kim KH. Drug delivery: oral route. In: Swarbrick J, editor. Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology. London: Taylor & Francis; 2002. p. 886-9.
2. Chien YW. Novel drug delivery systems., In Swarbrick J, editor. Oral drug delivery and delivery systems. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1992. p. 139-96.
3. Chiao CSL, Rabinson JR. Sustained release drug delivery systems. In: Remington's pharmaceutical science. 19th ed. Rochester, MN: Mack Publishing Company; 1999. p. 1660-73.
4. Chein YW. Rate controlled drug delivery systems. Indian J Pharm Sci. 1988;50(2): 63-8.
5. Parfitt K, editor. Martindale: the complete drug references. Part1: Anti-inflammatory drugs and antipyretics. 32nd ed. Philadelphia: Pharmaceutical Press; 1996; p. 1-23.
6. Bakan JA, editor. Microencapsulation: the theory and practice of industrial pharmacy. 3rd ed. Bombay, India: Varghese Publishing House; 1987. p. 42.
7. Jain NK. Controlled and novel drug delivery. 1st ed. New Delhi, India: CBS Publishers; 2005. p. 236.
8. Kaparissides C, Alexandridou S. Kotti K, Chaitidou S, Recent advances in novel drug delivery system . Journal of Nanotechnology. 2006: 2; : 1-10.
9. Kamyshny A, Megdassi S. Microencapsulation. In: Somasundaran P, editors. Encyclopedia of surface and colloid science. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis ; .2006. p. 1-15.
10. Brahmankar BM, Jaiswal SB. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics: a treatise. 2nd ed. New Delhi, India: Vallabh Prakashan; 2010. p. 348.
11. Naik SR, Chatterjee NR. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): genesis and present status. Ind Drugs. 1993;1(30):1-9.
12. Lichtenberger LM, Zhou Y, Dial EJ, Raphael RM. NSAID injury to the gastrointestinal tract: evidence that NSAIDs interact with phospholipids to weaken the hydrophobic surface barrier and induce the formation of unstable pores in membranes. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 : 58 (11); 1-8
13. Rao P, Knaus EE. Evolution of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and beyond. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2008; 6:81-810.
14. Steinmeyer J, Pharmacological basis for the therapy of pain and inflammation with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Arthritis Research. 2000: 2; 379-85
15. Tripathi KD. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antipyretic analgesics, Essential Medical Pharmacology, New Delhi, Joypee Publicatons (p) Ltd, 2003. p. 167-84.
16. Lewis AJ, Furst DW, eds. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: mechanisms and clinical use. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 1987.
17. Akers M. Parenteral preparations. B.I. Publication Pvt Ltd; New Delhi, India.2005:802-3.
18. Florence AT, Jani PU. novel oral formulations: their potential in modulating adverse effects. Drug Saf. 1994;10(3):233-66.
19. Chowdary, Sri, Ramamurty A. Microencapsulation in pharmacy. Indian Drugs. 1992;25(10):389-92.
20. Manekar NC, Joshi SB. Microencapsulation techniques. Eastern Pharmacist. 1998; 11:47-50.
21. Deasy PB. Microencapsulation and related drug processes. In: Swarbrick J, editors. Drugs and pharmaceutical science. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1984:1-22.
22. Benita S.Microencapsulation methods and industrial applications,In Swarbrick J, editors, Drugs and pharmaceutical science. 2 nd, ed, London: Taylor & Francis; 2006:99-18
23. Birnbaum DT. Microparticulate drug delivery systems. Drug Dev Industrial Pharma; 2008;12;117-22.
24. Manukian A, Toreki W. Hydrocapsules®: a new method for aqueous drug delivery.Drug delivery tech.2008;8(1):38-45.
25. Venkatesan P, Manavalan R, Valliappan K. Microencapsulation: a vital technique in novel drug delivery system. J Pharm Sci Res . 2009;1(4):26-35.
26. Alagusundaram M. Microspheres as a novel drug delivery system: a review.Int J Chem Tech Res. 2009;1(3):526-34.
27. Burgess DJ, Hickey AJ. Microspheres technology and applications. In: Swarbrick J, editor. Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology.3rd ed London: Taylor & Francis; 2004: 1783-1796.
28. Mandal SC, Mandal M. Current status and future prospects of new drug delivery systems. Pharma Times. 2010;42(4):13-16.
29. Wang W, Liu X, Xie Y, Zhang H, Yu W. Microencapsulation using natural polysaccharides for drug delivery and cell implantation. J Mater Chem. 2006; 16; 3252-66.
30. Dey NS, Majumdar S, Rao ME. Multiparticulate drug delivery systems for controlled release. Tropical J Pharm Res.,2008;7(3):1067-75.
31. Luckham PF. Microencapsulation technique of formation and characterization. In: Wedlock DJ, editor. Controlled particle, droplet and bubble formation. Oxford, UK Wedlock DJ. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. 1994.
32. Tiarks F, Landfester K, Antonietti M. Preparation of polymeric nanocapsules by mini-emulsion polymerization. Langmuir. 2001;17:908-18.
33. Maghsoodi M. Physicochemical properties of naproxen Microparticles prepared from Eudragit l 100, AAPS Pharma, Sci, Tech,2009, 10(1),434-39
34. Morgan PW. Interfacial polymerization. In: Mark HF, editor. Encyclopedia of polymer science and engineering. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1987: 221-37.
35. Miyazaki S, Takahashi A, Kubo W, Bachynsky J, Löebenberg R. Poly n-butylcyanoacrylate (PNBCA) nanocapsules as a carrier for NSAIDs: in vitro release and in vivo skin penetration. J Pharm Pharmaceutical Sci. 2003;6(2):238-45. (Pubitemid 37207230)
36. Janssen JM, Nijenhuis K. Encapsulation by interfacial polymerization. I. The capsule production and a model for wall growth. J Membr Sci, 1992;65:59-68.
37. Wang Q, Wei Q, Gu H. Preparation of nano Fe3O4/polystyrene composite microspheres by in situ polymerization. J Chem Eng Japan.2003;36(10): 1227-30, (Pubitemid 38039164)
38. Gharsallaoui A, Roudaut G, Chambin O, Voilley A, Saurel R. Applications of spray drying in microencapsulation of food ingredients: An overview. Food Res Int. 2007;40(9):1107-21.
39. Edith M,Mark RK Microencapsulation. In: Mathiowitz E, ed. Encyclopedia of Controlled Drug Delivery. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1999:493-546.
40. A. F. Yapel, U.S. Patent 4169804, 1979.
41. Arshady R. Microspheres and microcapsules: a survey of manufacturing techniques. Part I: Suspension-crosslinking. Polym Eng Sci. 1989;29(24):1746-58.
42. Bayomi MA. Aqueous preparation and evaluation of albumin-chitosan microspheres containing indomethacin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2004;30(4):329-39.
43. Pavanetto F, Perugini P, Conti B, Modena T, Genta I. Evaluation of process parameters involved in chitosan microsphere preparation by the o/w/o multiple emulsion method. J Microencapsul. 1996;130(6):679-88.
44. Roy S, Pal M, Gupta BK. Indomethacin-loaded microspheres: design and preparation by a multipleemulsification technique and in-vitro evaluation. Pharm Res. 1992;9(9):1132-6.
45. Aggarwal A, Kaur S, Tiwary AK, Gupta S. Chitosan microspheres prepared by an aqueous process: release of indomethacin. J Microencapsul. 2001;18(6):819-23.
46. Kumbar SG, Kulkarni AR, Aminabhavi M. Crosslinked chitosan microspheres for encapsulation of diclofenac sodium: effect of crosslinking agent. J Microencapsul. 2002;19(2):173-80.
47. Arshady R. Microspheres and microcapsules: a survey of manufacturing techniques. Part III: Solvent evaporation. Polym Eng Sci. 1990;30:915-24.
48. Palmieri GF, Bonacucina G, Di Martino P, Martelli S. Gastro-resistant microspheres containing ketoprofen. J Microencapsul. 2002;19(1):111-9.
49. Burgess DJ, Carless JF. Manufacture of gelatin/gelatin coacervate microcapsules. Int J Pharma. 1985;27:61-70.
50. Takenaka H, Kamashima Y, Lin SY. Micromeritic properties of sulfamethoxazole microcapsules prepared by gelatin-acacia coacervation. J Pharm Sci. 1980;69(5):513-6. (Pubitemid 10045862)
51. Vanessa L. Effect of cross-linking agents on chitosan microspheres in controlled release of diclofenac sodium.Polimeros.2005;15(1):6-12.
52. Dewettinck K, Huyghebaert A. Fluidized bed coating in food technology. Trends in Food Sci Technol. 1999;10:163-8. (Pubitemid 29524025)
53. Fukumori C, Fukuda YT, Hanyu Y, Takeyuchi Y, Oruko Y. Coating of pharmaceutical powders by fluidized bed process I. Aqueous enteric coating with methacrylic acid-ethylacrylate copolymer and the dissolution behaviour of products. Chem Pharm Bull. 1987;35(7):2949-57.
54. Silva OS, Souza CR, Oliveira WP, Rocha SC. In-vitro dissolution study of diclofenac sodium granules with eudragitL30D by fluidized bed system. Drug Dev Industrial Pharm. 2007;32(6):661-7.
55. Paradkar A, Maheshwari M, Tyagi AK, Chauhan B, Kadam SS. Preparation and characterization of flurbiprofen beads by melt solidification technique. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2003;4(4):E65.
56. Banerjee S, Premchandran R, Tata M, John VT, McPherson GL, Akkara J, Kaplan D. Polymer precipitation using a micellar nonsolvent: the role of surfactant polymer interactions and the development of a microencapsulation technique. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1996;35(9):3100-7.
57. Sashmal S, Mukherjee S, Ray S, Thakur RS, Ghosh L,Gupta BK, Design and optimization of NSAID loaded nanoparticles. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2007;20(2):157-62.
58. Aebischer P, Wahlberg L , Tresco PA, Winn SR, Macroencapsulation of dopamine secreting cells by co-extrusion with an organic polymer solution. Biomater 1991;12:50-6.
59. Varshosaz J, Tavakoli N, Serri A, Preparation in-vitro characterization of Piroxicam enteric coated pellets using powder technology. Pharm Dev Tech 2009;14(3):305-11.
60. Zhang Y, Rochefort D, Comparison of emulsion and vibration nozzle methods for microencapsulation of laccase and glucose oxidase by interfacial reticulation of poly(ethyleneimine) J. Microencapsl. 2010, 27(8), 703-13
61. Shimano K, Kondo O, Miwa A, Higashi Y, Koyama I, Yoshida T, Ito Y, Hirose J, Goto S. Evaluation of uniform sized microcapsules using vibrational nozzle method. Drug Dev Industrial Pharm. 1995;21(3):331-47.
62. Caruso F, Yang W, Trau D, Renneberg R. Microencapsulation of uncharged low molecular weight organic materials by polyelectrolyte multilayer self assembly. Langmuir. 2000;16(23):8932-6.
63. Arida AI, Al-Tabakha MM. Encapsulation of ketoprofen for controlled drug release. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2007 Apr;66(1):48-54. (Pubitemid 46412971)
64. Kamyshny A, Megdassi S. Microencapsulation. Encyclopedia Surface Colloidal Sci. 2004:1-1
65. Gonzalez-Rodriguez ML, Holgado MA, Sanchez-Lafuente C, Rabasco AM, Fini A. Alginate/chitosan particulate systems for sodium diclofenac release. Int J Pharm. 2002;232(1-2):225-34.
66. Krober H, Teipel U. Microencapsulation of particles using supercritical CO2. Chem Eng Processing. 2005;44(2):215-9.
67. Chiou AH, Cheng HC, Wang DP. Micronization microencapsulation of felodipine by supercritical CO2. J Microencap.2006;23(3):265-76.
68. Dong C, Rogers JA. Acacia-gelatin microencapsulated liposomes: preparation, stability, and release of acetylsalicylic acid. Pharm Res. 1993;10(1):141-6.
69. Zia H, Falamarzian M, Raisi A, Montaseri H, Needham TE. Biopharmaceutical evaluation of a tablet dosage form made from ethyl cellulose encapsulated aspirin particles. J Microencapsul. 1991;8(1):21-8.
70. Yang CY, Tsay SY, Tsiang RC. An enhanced process for encapsulating aspirin in ethyl cellulose microcapsules by solvent evaporation in an O/W emulsion J Microencapsul. 2000;17(3):269-77.
71. Guo QY, Chan LW, Heng PW. Investigation of the release of aspirin from sray-congealed micro-pellets. J Microencapsul. 2005;22(3):245-51.
72. Gursoy A, Cevik S. Sustained release properties of alginate microspheres and tabletted microspheres of Diclofenac sodium. J Microencapsul. 2000;17(5):565-75.
73. Sajeev C, Vinay G, Archna R, Saha RN. Oral controlled release formulation of Diclofenac sodium by microencapsulation with ethyl cellulose. J Microencapsul. 2002;19(6):753-60.
74. Al-Omran MF, Al-Suwayeh SA, El-Helw AM, Saleh SI. Taste masking of diclofenac sodium using microencapsulation. J Microencapsul. 2002;19(1):45-52.
75. Kumbar SG, Kulkarni AR, Aminabhavi M. Crosslinked chitosan microspheres for encapsulation of diclofenac sodium effect of crosslinking agent. J Microencapsul. 2002;19(2):173-80.
76. Lin SY, Chen KS, Teng HH, Li MJ. In vitro degradation and dissolution behaviors of microspheres prepared by three low molecular weight polyesters. J Microencapsul. 2000;17(5):577-86.
77. Satturwar PM, Mandaogade PM, Dorle AK. A novel method for preparation of Eudragit RL microcapsules J Microencapsul. 2002;19(4):407-13.
78. Fulzele SV, Satturwar, PM, Kasliwal RH, Dorle AK. Preparation and evaluation of microcapsules using polymerized rosin as a novel wall forming material. J Microencapsul. 2004;21(1):83-9.
79. Palomo, ME Ballesteros MP, Frutos R. Solvent and plasticizer influences on ethylcellulose-microcapsules. J Microencapsul. 1996;13(3):307-18.
80. Satturwar PM, Mandaogade PM, Dorle A K, A novel method for preparation of Eudragit RL. Microcapsules. J Microencapsulation, 2002;19(4):407-413.
81. Biju SS, Saisivam S, Rajan NS, Mishra PR. Dual coated erodible microcapsules form modified release of diclofenac sodium. European J Pharm Biopharm. 2004;58(1):61-7.
82. Leo E, Forni F, Bernabei MT. Surface drug removal from ibuprofen-loaded PLA microspheres. Int J Pharm. 2000;196(1):1-9.
83. Perumal D. Microencapsulation of ibuprofen and Eudragit RS 100 by the emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Int J Pharm. 2001;218(1-2):1-11.
84. Tamilvanan S. Studies on the in vitro release characteristics of ibuprofen-loaded polystyrene microparticles. J Microencapsul. 2000;17(1):57-67. (Pubitemid 30034998)
85. Saravanan M, Bhaskar K, Srinivas RG, Dhanaraju MD. Ibuprofen-loaded ethylcellulose/polystyrene microspheres: an approach to get prolonged drug release with reduced burst effect and low ethylcellulose content. J Microencapsul. 2003;20(3):289-302.
86. Corpetti G, Rosignoli MT, Dionisio P. Comparative bioavailability study of two oral formulations of ibuprofen. Arzneimittel Forschung. 1998 Apr;48(4):392-5.
87. Weiss G, Knoch A, Laicher A, Stanislaus F, Daniels R. Simple coacervation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP): II. Microencapsulation of ibuprofen. Int J Pharm. 1995;124(1):97-105.
88. Kakkar AP. Characterization of ibuprofen loaded microcapsules prepared by ionotropic gelation. Int J Pharm. 1995;57(2):56-60.
89. Najmuddin M, .Vishal P, Ahmed,A S. Preparation and evaluation of flurbiprofen microcapsule for colonic drug delivery system.Int J Pharm Pharma Sci. 2010;2(Suppl 2);83-8.
90. Mohammad RN, Ullah KI, Shahzad N. Encapsulation and characterization of flurbiprofen loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) blend micropheres by solvent evaporation method. J Sol-Gel Sci Tech. 2009;50(3):281-9.
91. Eerikäinen H. Peltonen L, Raula J, Hirvonen J, Kauppinen EI. Preparation of nanoparticles consisting of methacrylic polymers and drugs by an aerosol flow reactor method. VTT Publications, Diss. May 2005;563:112.
92. Badarinath AV. Formulation and characterization of alginate microbeads of flurbiprofen by ionotropic gelation technique. Int J Chem Tech Res. 2010;2(1):361-7.
93. Pramod Kumar TM, Natural polysaccharide hydrogel dexibuprofen microbeads for oral sustained drug delivery. J Pharm Res. 2009;2(7):1271-8.
94. Sevgi F, Yurdasiper A, Kaynarsoy B, Turunç E, Güneri T, Yalçin A. Studies on mefenamic acid microparticles: formulation, in vitro release, and in situ studies in rats. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2009;10(1):104-12.
95. Pandey M, Saraf SA. Preparation and characterization of polymeric nanoparticles of water-insoluble drug for oral delivery. J Pharm Res. 2010;3(1):146-150.
96. Goto S, Kawata M, Nakamura M, Maekawa K, Aoyama T. Eudragit E, L and S (acrylic resins) microcapsules as pH sensitive release preparations of ketoprofen. J Microencapsul. 1986;3(4):305-16.
97. Rajesh KS, Khanrah A, Biswanath S. Release of ketoprofen from alginate microparticles containing film forming polymers. J Sci Industrial Res. 2004;62:965-89.
98. El-Gibaly I, Safwat SM, Ahmed MO. Microencapsulation of ketoprofen using w/o/w complex emulsion technique. J Microencapsul. 1996;13(1):67-87. (Pubitemid 26031671)
99. Gavini E, Sanna V, Juliano C, Giunchedi P. Compressed biodegradable matrices of spray-dried PLGA microspheres for the modified release of ketoprofen. J Microencapsul. 2003;20(2):193-201.
100. Palmieri G, Bonacucina G, Martelli S., Microencapsulation of semisolid ketoprofen/polymer microspheres. Int J Pharm. 2002;242(1-2):175-8.
101. Genc L, Demirel M, Guler E, Hegazy N. Microencapsulation of ketorolac tromethamine by means of a coacervation-phase separation technique induced by the addition of non-solvent. J Microencapsul. 1998;15(1):45-53.
102. Bhaskaran S, Sanmathi BS . Poly(lactic acid) microspheres of ketorolac tromethamine for parenteral controlled drug delivery system. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2001;63(6):538-40.
103. Zaghloul AA, Faltinek J, Vaithiyalingam SR, Reddy IK, Khan MA. Naproxen-Eudragit microspheres: screening of process and formulation variables for the preparation of extended release tablets. Pharmazie. 2001;56(4):321-4.
104. Wagenaar BW, Müller BW. Piroxicam release from spray-dried biodegradable microspheres. Biomaterials. 1994;15(1):49-54.
105. Kale RD, Tayade PT. A multiple unit floating drug delivery system of piroxicam using eudragit polymer. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2007;69(1):12-123.
106. Remuñán-López C, Bodmeier R. Effect of formulation and process variables on the formation of chitosan-gelatin coacervates. Int J Pharm. 1996;135(1-2):62-72.
107. Pignatello R, Amico D, Chiechio S, Spadaro C, Puglisi G, Giunchedi P. Preparation and analgesic activity of Eudragit RS100® microparticles containing diflunisal drug delivery. Drug Delivery. 2001;8(1):35-45.
108. Hombreiro-Pérez M, Siepmann J, Zinutti C, Lamprecht A, Ubrich N, Hoffman M, Bodmeier R, and Maincent P, Non-degradable microparticles containing a hydrophilic and/or a lipophilic drug: preparation, characterization and drug release modeling. J Controlled release. 2003; 88(3); 413-8.
109. Tirkkonen S, Turakka L, Paronen P. Microencapsulation of indomethacin by gelatin-acacia complex coacervation in the presence of surfactants. J Microencapsul. 1994;11(6):615-26.
110. Ermis D, Yuksel A. Preparation of spray-dried microspheres of indomethacin and examination of the effects of coating on dissolution rates. J Microencapsul. 1999;16(3):315-24.
111. Bayomi MA. Aqueous preparation and evaluation of albumin-chitosan microspheres containing indomethacin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2004;30(4):329-39.
112. Khan SA, Ahmad M, Murtaza G. Formulation of nimesulide floating microparticles using low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Tropical J Pharm Res. 2010;9(3):293-9.
113. Dashora K, Saraf S, Saraf S. Effect of processing variables and in-vitro study of microparticulate system of nimesulide. Brazilian J Pharm Sci 2007;43(4):118-20
114. Raval MK, Bagda AA, Patel JM, Paun JS, Chaudhari KR, Sheth NR. Preparation and evaluation of sustained release nimesulide microspheres using response surface methodology. J Pharm Res. 2010;3(3):581-7.
115. Arup M, Ghosh, I .Ghosh,G.K, Gupta B. K Design and evaluation of an oral controlled release microparticulate drug delivery system of nimesulide by ionotropic gelation technique. J. Scientific Industrial Res. 1999;58:717-22.