Estimating European volatile organic compound emissions using satellite observations of formaldehyde from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 10, Issue 23, 2010, Pages 11501-11517

  Curci, G ^a   Palmer, P I ^b   Kurosu, T P ^c   Chance, K ^c   Visconti, G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^c HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BIOGENIC EMISSION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; FORMALDEHYDE; ISOPRENE; OXIDATION; OZONE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

GERMANY; GREECE; IBERIAN PENINSULA; ITALY;

EID: 78649813946     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-11501-2010     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of Trace Gases and Aerosols From Biomass Burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15(4), 955-966, 2001.
2. Arneth, A., Monson, R. K., Schurgers, G., Niinemets, Ü ., and Palmer, P. I.: Why are estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions so similar (and why is this not so for monoterpenes)?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4605-4620, doi:10.5194/acp-8-4605-2008, 2008.
3. x, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2063-2101, 2000.
4. Atkinson, R. and Arey, J.: Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of bio-genic volatile organic compounds: a review, Atmos. Environ., 37 Supplement No. 2, S197-S219, 2003.
5. Aumont, B., Szopa, S., and Madronich, S.: Modelling the evolution of organic carbon during its gas-phase tropospheric oxidation: development of an explicit model based on a self generating approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2497-2517, doi:10.5194/acp-5-2497-2005, 2005.
6. Barkley, M. P., Palmer, P. I., Kuhn, U., Kesselmeier, J., Chance, K., Kurosu, T. P., Martin, R. V., Helmig, D., and Guenther, A.: Net ecosystem fluxes of isoprene over tropical South America inferred from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) observations of HCHO columns, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20304, doi:10.1029/2008JD009863, 2008.
7. Bessagnet, B., Menut, L., Curci, G., Hodzic, A., Guillaume, B., Liousse, C., Moukhtar, S., Pun, B., Seigneur, C., and Schulz, M.: Regional modeling of carbonaceous aerosols over Europe - Focus on Secondary Organic Aerosols, J. Atmos. Chem., 61, 175-202, doi:10.1007/s10874-009-9129-2, 2008.
8. Borbon, A., Coddeville, P., Locoge, N., and Galloo, J.-C.: Characterising sources and sinksof rural VOC in eastern France, Chemosphere, 57, 931-942, 2004.
9. ∼tkurosu/SatelliteInstruments/ OMI/PGEReleases/READMEs/OMHCHO README.pdf, 2008.
10. Chance, K., Palmer, P. I., Spurr, R. J. D., Martin, R. V., Kurosu, T. P., and Jacob, D. J.: Satellite observations of formaldehyde over North America from GOME, Geophys. Res. Let., 27, 3461-3464, 2000.
11. Chance, K., Kurosu, T. P., and Sioris, C. E.: Undersampling correction for array-detector based satellite spectrometers, Appl. Optics, 44, 1296-1304, 2005.
12. Curci, G., Beekmann, M., Vautard, R., Smiatek, G., Steinbrecher, R., Theloke, J., and Friedrich, R.: Modelling study of the impact of isoprene and terpene biogenic emissions on European ozone levels, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1444-1455, 2009.
13. Deguillaume, L., Beekmann, M., and Menut, L.: Bayesian Monte Carlo analysis applied to regional-scale inverse emission modeling for reactive trace gases, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D02307, doi:10.1029/2006JD007518, 2007. (Pubitemid 47260889)
14. Derognat, C., Beekmann, M., Baeumle, M., Martin, D., and Schmidt, H.: Effect of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions on tropospheric chemistry during the Atmospheric Pollution Over the Paris Area (ESQUIF) campaign in the Ile-de-France region, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D17), 8560, doi:10.1029/ 2001JD001421, 2003.
15. De Smedt, I., Müller, J.-F., Stavrakou, T., van der A, R., Eskes, H., and Van Roozendael, M.: Twelve years of global observations of formaldehyde in the troposphere using GOME and SCIAMACHY sensors, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4947-4963, doi:10.5194/acp-8-4947-2008, 2008.
16. Dosio, A., Galmarini, S., and Graziani, G.: Simulation of the circulation and related photochemical ozone dispersion in the Po plans (northern Italy): Comparison with the observation of a measuring campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D18), 8189, doi:10.1029/2000JD000046, 2002. (Pubitemid 44793816)
17. Drobinski, P., Said, F., Ancellet, G., Arteta, J., Augustin, P., Bastin, S., Brut, A., Caccia, J. L., Campistron, B., Cautenet, S., Colette, A., Cros, B., Corsmeier, U., Coll, I., Dabas, A., Delbarre, H., Dufour, A., Durand, P., Guenard, V., Hasel, M., Kalthoff, N., Kottmeier, C., Lemonsu, A., Lohou, F., Masson, V., Menut, L., Moppert, C., Peuch, V. H., Puygrenier, V., Reitebuch, O., and Vautard, R.: Regional transport and dilution during high pollution episodes in southeastern France: Summary of findings from the ESCOMPTE experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13105, doi:10.1029/2006JD007494, 2007. (Pubitemid 47408354)
18. Duane, M., Poma, B., Rembges, D., Astorga, C., and Larsen, B. R.: Isoprene and its degradation products as strong ozone precursors in Insubria, Northern Italy, Atmos. Environ., 36, 3867-3879, 2002.
19. Dudhia, J.: A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model: Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front, Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1493-1513, 1993.
20. Dufour, G., Wittrock, F., Camredon, M., Beekmann, M., Richter, A., Aumont, B., and Burrows, J. P.: SCIAMACHY formaldehyde observations: constraint for isoprene emission estimates over Europe?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1647-1664, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1647-2009, 2009.
21. Duncan, B. N., Yoshida, Y., Damon, M. R., Douglass, A. R., and Witte, J. C.: Temperature dependence of factors controlling isoprene emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05813, doi:10.1029/2008GL037090, 2009.
22. EDGAR: 3.2 Fast Track 2000 Emissions inventory, summary NMVOC table, http://www.mnp.nl/edgar/model/ v32ft2000edgar/edgarv32ft-prec/edgv32ft-nmvoc. jsp.
23. Fares, S., Mereu, S., Scarascia Mugnozza, G., Vitale, M., Manes, F., Frattoni, M., Ciccioli, P., Gerosa, G., and Loreto, F.: The ACCENT-VOCBAS field campaign on biosphere-atmosphere interactions in a Mediterranean ecosystem of Castelporziano (Rome): site characteristics, climatic and meteorological conditions, and eco-physiology of vegetation, Biogeosciences, 6, 1043-1058, doi:10.5194/bg-6-1043-2009, 2009.
24. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts, Jr., J. N.: Tropospheric Air Pollution: Ozone, Airborne Toxics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Particles, Science, 276, 1045-1052, 1997.
25. Friedrich, R.: GENEMIS: Assessment, improvement, temporal and spatial disaggregation of European emission data, in Tro-pospheric Modelling and Emission Estimation, part 2, edited by: Ebel, A., Friedrich, R., and Rhode, H., 181-214, Springer, New York, 1997.
26. Fu, T., Jacob, D. J., Palmer, P. I., Chance, K., Wang, Y. X., Barletta, B., Blake, D. R., Stanton, J. C., and Pilling, M. J.: Space-based formaldehyde measurements as constraints on volatile organic compound emissions is east and south Asia and implications for ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06312, doi:10.1029/2006JD007853, 2007. (Pubitemid 46824917)
27. Fuentes, J. D., Lerdau, M., Atkinson, R., Baldocchi, D., Botten-heim, J. W., Ciccioli, P., Lamb, B., Geron, C., Gu, L., Guenther, A., Sharkey, T. D., and Stockwell, W.: Biogenic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric boundary layer: a review, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 81, 1537-1575, 2000.
28. Goldstein, A. H. and Galbally, I. E.: Known and unexplored organic constituents in the Earth atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Tech., 41, 1514-1521, 2007.
29. Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., Erickson, D., Fall, R., Geron, C., Graedel, T., Harley, P., Klinger, L., Lerdau, M., Mckay, W. A., Pierce, T., Scholes, B., Steinbrecher, R., Tallamraju, R., Taylor, J., and Zimmerman, P. A.: Global-Model of Natural Volatile Organic-Compound Emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D5), 8873-8892, 1995.
30. Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181-3210, doi:10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 44197400)
31. Hauglustaine, D. A., Hourdin, F., Walters, S., Jourdain, L., Fil-iberti, M.-A., Larmarque, J.-F., and Holland, E. A.: Interactive chemistry in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique general circulation model: description and background tropo-spheric chemistry evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04314, doi:10.1029/2003JD003957, 2004.
32. Heckel, A., Richter, A., Tarsu, T., Wittrock, F., Hak, C., Pundt, I., Junkermann, W., and Burrows, J. P.: MAX-DOAS measurements of formaldehyde in the Po-Valley, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 909-918, doi:10.5194/acp-5-909-2005, 2005.
33. Hodzic, A., Vautard, R., Chepfer, H., Goloub, P., Menut, L., Chazette, P., Deuzé, J. L., Apituley, A., and Couvert, P.: Evolution of aerosol optical thickness over Europe during the August 2003 heat wave as seen from CHIMERE model simulations and POLDER data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1853-1864, doi:10.5194/acp-6-1853-2006, 2006.
34. Hofzumahaus, A., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C., Fuchs, H., Holland, F., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Amplified Trace Gas Removal in the Troposphere, Science, 324, 1702-1704, 2009.
35. Jenkin, M. E., Saunders, S. M., Wagner, V., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part B): tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 181-193, doi:10.5194/acp-3-181-2003, 2003.
36. Karl, M., Guenther, A., Köble, R., Leip, A., and Seufert, G.: A new European plant-specific emission inventory of biogenic volatile organic compounds for use in atmospheric transport models, Bio-geosciences, 6, 1059-1087, doi:10.5194/bg-6-1059-2009, 2009.
37. Keenan, T., Niinemets, Ü ., Sabate, S., Gracia, C., and Peñuelas, J.: Process based inventory of isoprenoid emissions from European forests: model comparisons, current knowledge and uncertainties, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4053-4076, doi:10.5194/acp-9-4053-2009, 2009.
38. Koelemeijer, R. B. A., de Haan, J. F., and Stammes, P.: A database of spectral surface reflectivity of the Earth in the range 335- 772nm derived from 5.5 years of GOME observations, J. Geo-phys. Res., 108(D2), 4070, doi:10.1029/2002JD002429, 2003.
39. x emissions on a continental scale using satellite data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1747-1770, doi:10.5194/acp-6-1747-2006, 2006.
40. Kormann, R., Fischer, H., de Reus, M., Lawrence, M., Brühl, Ch., von Kuhlmann, R., Holzinger, R., Williams, J., Lelieveld, J., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J., Heland, J., Ziereis, H., and Schlager, H.: Formaldehyde over the eastern Mediterranean during MINOS: Comparison of airborne in-situ measurements with 3D-model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 851-861, doi:10.5194/acp-3-851-2003, 2003.
41. Kulmala, M., Suni, T., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Dal Maso, M., Boy, M., Reissell, A., Rannik, Ü ., Aalto, P., Keronen, P., Hakola, H., Bäck, J., Hoffmann, T., Vesala, T., and Hari, P.: A new feedback mechanism linking forests, aerosols, and climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 557-562, doi:10.5194/acp-4-557-2004, 2004.
42. Lathière, J., Hauglustaine, D. A., Friend, A. D., De Noblet-Ducoudré, N., Viovy, N., and Folberth, G. A.: Impact of climate variability and land use changes on global biogenic volatile organic compound emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2129-2146, doi:10.5194/acp-6-2129-2006, 2006.
43. Lattuati, M.: Contribution à l'étude du bilan de l'ozone tro-posphérique à l'interface de l'Europe et de l'Atlantique Nord: Modélisation lagrangienne et mesures en altitude, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 1997.
44. Lee, Y.-N., Zhou, X., Kleinman, L. I., Nunnermacker, L. J., Springston, S. R., Daum, P. H., Newman, L., Keigley, W. G., Holdren, M. W., Spicer, C. W., Young, V., Fu, B., Par-rish, D. D., Holloway, J., Williams, J., Roberts, J. M., Ry-erson, T. B., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Atmospheric chemistry and distribution of formaldehyde and several multioxygenated carbonyl compounds during the 1995 Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D17), 22449-25462, doi:10.1029/98JD01251, 1998. (Pubitemid 29123211)
45. Lelieveld, J., Butler, T. M., Crowley, J. N., Dillon, T. J., Fischer, H., Ganzeveld, L., Harder, H., Lawrence, M. G., Martinez, M., Taraborrelli, D., and Williams, J.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest, Nature, 452, 737-740, 2008.
46. Levelt, P. F., van den Oord, G. H. J., Dobber, M. R., Malkki, A., Visser, H., de Vries, J., Stammes, P., Lundell, J. O. V., and Saari, H.: The Ozone Monitoring Instrument, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44(5), 1093-1101, 2006.
47. Liu, L., Flatøy, F., Ordóñez, C., Braathen, G. O., Hak, C., Junker-mann, W., Andreani-Aksoyoglu, S., Mellqvist, J., Galle, B., Prév̂t, A. S. H., and Isaksen, I. S. A.: Photochemical modelling in the Po basin with focus on formaldehyde and ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 121-137, doi:10.5194/acp-7-121-2007, 2007.
48. Liu, L., Andreani-Aksoyoglu, S., Keller, J., Ordonez, C., Junker-mann, W., Hak, C., Braathen, G. O., Reimann, S., Astorga-Llorens, C., Schultz, M., Prevot, A. S. H., and Isaksen, I. S. A.: A photochemical modeling study of ozone and formaldehyde generation and budget in the Po basin, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22303, doi:10.1029/2006JD008172, 2007b.
49. Martin, R. V., Chance, K., Jacob, D. J., Kurosu, T. P., Spurr, R. J. D., Bucsela, E., Gleason, J. F., Palmer, P. I., Bey, I., Fiore, A., Li, Q., Yantosca, R. M., and Koelemeijer, R. B. A.: An improved retrieval of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide from GOME, J. Geo-phys. Res., 107(D20), 4437, doi:10.1029/2001JD001027, 2002.
50. Middleton, P., Stockwell, W. R., and Carter, W. P.: Aggregation and analysis of volatile organic compound emissions for regional modeling, Atmos. Environ., 24, 1107-1133, 1990.
51. Millet, D. B., Jacob, D. J., Turquety, S., Hudman, R. C., Wu, S., Fried, A., Walega, J., Heikes, B. G., Blake, D. R., Singh, H. B., Anderson, B. E., and Clarke, A. D.: Formaldehyde distribution over North America: Implications for satellite retrievals of formaldehyde columns and isoprene emission, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24S02, doi:10.1029/2005JD006853, 2006. (Pubitemid 47260805)
52. Millet, D. B., Jacob, D. J., Boersma, K. F., Fu, T., Kurosu, T. P., Chance, K., Heald, C. L., and Guenther, A.: Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02307, doi:10.1029/ 2007JD008950, 2008.
53. OMI-ATBD: (Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document), Volume IV, OMI Trace Gas Algoritms, Version 2.0, edited by: K. Chance, 2002.
54. Palmer, P. I., Jacob, D., Chance, K., Martin, R., Spurr, R., Kurosu, T., Bey, I., Yantosca, R., Fiore, A., and Li, Q.: Air mass factor formulation for spectroscopic measurements from satellites: Application to formaldehyde retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D13), 14539-14550, 2001.
55. Palmer, P. I., Jacob, D. J., Fiore, A. M., Martin, R. V., Chance, K., and Kurosu, T. P.: Mapping isoprene emissions over North America using formaldehyde column observations from space, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D6), 4180, doi:10.1029/2002JD002153, 2003.
56. Palmer, P. I., Abbot, D. S., Fu, T.-M., Jacob, D. J., Chance, K., Kurosu, T. P., Guenther, A., Wiedinmyer, C., Stanton, J. C., Pilling, M. J., Presslay, S. N., Lamb, B., and Sumner, A. L.: Quantifying the seasonal and interannual variability of North American isoprene emissions using satellite observations of the formaldehyde column, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12315, doi:10.1029/ 2005JD006689, 2006. (Pubitemid 44687654)
57. Paulot, F., Crounse, J. D., Kjaergaard, H. G., Kurten, A., St Clair, J. M., Seinfeld, J. H., and Wennberg, P. O.: Unexpected Epoxide Formation in the Gas-Phase Photooxidation of Isoprene, Science, 325, 730-733, 2009.
58. Paulson, S. E. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Development and evaluation of a photooxidation mechanism for isoprene, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D18), 20703-20715, 1992.
59. Pierce, T., Geron, C., Bender, L., Dennis, R., Tonnesen, G., and Guenther, A.: Influence of increased isoprene emissions on regional ozone modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D19), 25611-25629, 1998. (Pubitemid 128700108)
60. Possanzini, M., Paolo, V. D., and Cecinato, A.: Sources and pho-todecomposition of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Rome ambient air, Atmos. Environ., 36, 3195-3201, 2002.
61. Poupkou, A., Giannaros, T., Markakis, K., Kioutsioukis, I., Curci, G., Melas, D., and Zerefos, C.: A model for European Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound emissions: Software development and first validation, Environ. Modell. Softw., 25, 1845-1856, 2010.
62. Pugh, T. A. M., MacKenzie, A. R., Hewitt, C. N., Langford, B., Edwards, P. M., Furneaux, K. L., Heard, D. E., Hopkins, J. R., Jones, C. E., Karunaharan, A., Lee, J., Mills, G., Misztal, P., Moller, S., Monks, P. S., and Whalley, L. K.: Simulating atmospheric composition over a South-East Asian tropical rainforest: performance of a chemistry box model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 279-298, doi:10.5194/acp-10-279-2010, 2010.
63. Purves, D. W., Caspersen, J. P., Moorcroft, P. R., Hurtt, G. C., and Pacala, S. W.: Human-induced changes in US biogenic volatile organic compound emissions: evidence from long-term forest inventory data, Global Change Biology, 10, 1737-1755, 2004.
64. Rodgers, C. D.: Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding, Theory and Practice, World Sci., River Edge, N. J., 2000.
65. Rouil, L., Honore, C., Vautard, R., Beekmann, M., Bessagnet, B., Malherbe, L., Meleux, F., Dufour, A., Elichegaray, C., Flaud, J.-M., Menut, L., Martin, D., Peuch, A., Peuch, V.-H., and Poisson, N.: PREV'AIR : an operational forecasting and mapping system for air quality in Europe, B. Am. Met. Soc., 90(1), 73-83, doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2390.1, 2009.
66. Saunders, S., M., Jenkin, M. E., Derwent, R. G., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part A): tropospheric degradation of non-aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 161-180, doi:10.5194/acp-3-161-2003, 2003.
67. Schmidt, H., Derognat, C., Vautard, R., and Beekmann, M.: A comparison of simulated and observed ozone mixing ratios, for the summer of 1998 in Western Europe, Atmos. Environ., 35, 6277- 6297, 2001.
68. Simpson, D., Winiwater, W., Borjesson, G., Cinderby, S., Ferreiro, A., Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., Janson, R., Khalil, M. A. K., Owen, S., Pierce, T. E., Puxbaum, H., Shearer, M., Skiba, U., Steinbrecher, R., Tarrason, L., and Oquist, M. G.: Inventoring emissions from nature in Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8113-8152, 1999.
69. Shim, C., Wang, Y., Choi, Y., Palmer, P. I., Abbot, D. S., and Chance, K.: Constraining global isoprene emissions with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) formaldehyde column measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D24301, doi:10.1029/2004JD005629, 2005. (Pubitemid 43169414)
70. Solberg, S.: VOC measurements 2006, EMEP/CCC Report 5/2008, 74, http://tarantula.nilu.no/projects/ccc/reports.html, 2008.
71. Solberg, S., Dye, C., Walker, S.-E., and Simpson, D.: Long-term measurements and model calculations of formaldehyde at rural European monitoring sites, Atmos. Environ., 35, 195-207, 2001.
72. Solmon, F., Sarrat, C., Serça, D., Tulet, P., and Rosset, R.: Isoprene and monoterpenes biogenic emissions in France: modeling and impact during a regional pollution episode, Atmos. Environ., 38, 3853-3865, 2004.
73. Spurr, R. J. D., Kurosu, T. P., and Chance, K. V.: A linearized discrete ordinate radiative transfer model for atmospheric remote sensing retrieval, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 68, 689-735, 2001.
74. Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., van der Werf, G. R., Giglio, L., and Guenther, A.: Evaluating the performance of pyrogenic and biogenic emission inventories against one decade of space-based formaldehyde columns, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1037-1060, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1037- 2009, 2009.
75. Steinbrecher, R., Smiatek, G., Köble, R., Seufert, G., Theloke, J., Hauff, K., Ciccioli, P., Vautard, R., and Curci, G.: Intra- and inter-annual variability of VOC emissions from natural and semi-natural vegetation in Europe and neighbouring countries, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1380-1391, 2009.
76. Stickler, A., Fischer, H., Williams, J., de Reus, M., Sander, R., Lawrence, M. G., Crowley, J. N., and Lelieveld, J.: Influence of summertime deep convection on formaldehyde in the middle and upper troposphere over Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14308, doi:10.1029/2005JD007001, 2006. (Pubitemid 46055360)
77. Stockwell, W. R., Kirchner, F., Kuhn, M., and Seefeld, S.: A new mechanism for regional atmospheric chemistry modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25847-25879, 1997. (Pubitemid 127682886)
78. Vautard, R., Szopa, S., Beekmann, M., Menut, L., Hauglus-taine, D. A., Rouil, L., and Roemer, M.: Are decadal anthropogenic emission reductions in Europe consistent with surface ozone observations?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13810, doi:10.1029/2006GL026080, 2006. (Pubitemid 44945970)
79. Vestreng, V.: Review and revision. Emission data reported to CLR-TAP, Tech. rep., EMEP MSC-W, (available at: http://www.emep. int/mscw/mscw publications.html), 2003.
80. Wiedinmyer, C., Greenberg, J., Guenther, A., Hopkins, B., Baker, K., Geron, C., Palmer, P. I., Long, B. P., Turner, J. R., Pétron, G., Harley, P., Pierce, T. E., Lamb, B., Westberg, H., Baugh, W., Koerber, M., and Janssen, M.: Ozarks Isoprene Experiment (OZIE): Measurements and modeling of the isoprene volcano, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D18307, doi:10.1029/2005JD005800, 2005. (Pubitemid 41582687)
81. Wittrock, F.: The retrieval of oxygenated volatile organic compounds by remote sensing techniques, Ph.D. Thesis, Bremen University, 2006.