Transcriptome analyses based on genetic screens for Pax3 myogenic targets in the mouse embryo

BMC Genomics

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2010, Pages

  Lagha, Mounia ^a   Sato, Takahiko ^a   Regnault, Béatrice ^a   Cumano, Ana ^b   Zuniga, Aimée ^c   Licht, Jonathan ^d   Relaix, Frédéric ^e   Buckingham, Margaret ^a  

^a INSTITUT PASTEUR   (France)

^b INSTITUT PASTEUR   (France)

^c Center for Biomedicine   (Switzerland)

^d NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR7; CHORDIN; CXCL14 CHEMOKINE; DICKKOPF 1 PROTEIN; EPHRIN B1; EPITHELIAL DERIVED NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATING FACTOR 78; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 4; FOLLISTATIN; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5; INTEGRIN; LAMININ ALPHA2; MYOCARDIN; MYOD PROTEIN; MYOGENIC FACTOR 5; SCATTER FACTOR RECEPTOR; SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN; SULFATASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FKHR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXC2; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR HES 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR HOXA10; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PAX3; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PAX7; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RUNX1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX2; TRANSCRIPTOME; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; WNT PROTEIN; FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; FOXO1 PROTEIN, MOUSE; HDAC5 PROTEIN, MOUSE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; LBX1H PROTEIN, MOUSE; MESSENGER RNA; MUSCLE PROTEIN; PAIRED BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PAX3 PROTEIN, MOUSE; PAX7 PROTEIN, MOUSE;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA BINDING; DOWN REGULATION; EMBRYO; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; FLOW CYTOMETRY; FORELIMB; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE REGULATORY NETWORK; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC SCREENING; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MOUSE; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; NEURAL CREST CELL; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHENOTYPE; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOMITE; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; UPREGULATION; ANIMAL; ANIMAL EMBRYO; CYTOLOGY; DNA MICROARRAY; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; CELL SURVIVAL; EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN; FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; GENETIC TESTING; HISTONE DEACETYLASES; MICE; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; MUSCLE PROTEINS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PAIRED BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PAX7 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RNA, MESSENGER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 78649761453     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712164     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-696     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Buckingham M, Relaix F. The Role of Pax Genes in the Development of Tissues and Organs: Pax3 and Pax7 Regulate Muscle Progenitor Cell Functions. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2007, 23:645-73. 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123438, 17506689.
2. Kardon G, Campbell JK, Tabin CJ. Local extrinsic signals determine muscle and endothelial cell fate and patterning in the vertebrate limb. Dev Cell 2002, 3(4):533-545. 10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00291-5, 12408805.
3. Ben-Yair R, Kalcheim C. Lineage analysis of the avian dermomyotome sheet reveals the existence of single cells with both dermal and muscle progenitor fates. Development 2005, 132(4):689-701. 10.1242/dev.01617, 15659485.
4. Ben-Yair R, Kalcheim C. Notch and bone morphogenetic protein differentially act on dermomyotome cells to generate endothelium, smooth, and striated muscle. J Cell Biol 2008, 180(3):607-618. 10.1083/jcb.200707206, 2234248, 18268106.
5. Esner M, Meilhac SM, Relaix F, Nicolas JF, Cossu G, Buckingham ME. Smooth muscle of the dorsal aorta shares a common clonal origin with skeletal muscle of the myotome. Development 2006, 133(4):737-749. 10.1242/dev.02226, 16436625.
6. Relaix F, Rocancourt D, Mansouri A, Buckingham M. A Pax3/Pax7-dependent population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Nature 2005, 435:948-953. 10.1038/nature03594, 15843801.
7. Epstein JA, Shapiro DN, Cheng J, Lam PY, Maas RL. Pax3 modulates expression of the c-Met receptor during limb muscle development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93(9):4213-4218. 10.1073/pnas.93.9.4213, 39514, 8633043.
8. Birchmeier C, Brohmann H. Genes that control the development of migrating muscle precursor cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2000, 12(6):725-730. 10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00159-9, 11063939.
9. Relaix F, Polimeni M, Rocancourt D, Ponzetto C, Schafer BW, Buckingham M. The transcriptional activator PAX3-FKHR rescues the defects of Pax3 mutant mice but induces a myogenic gain-of-function phenotype with ligand-independent activation of Met signaling in vivo. Genes Dev 2003, 17(23):2950-2965. 10.1101/gad.281203, 289153, 14665670.
10. Bajard L, Relaix F, Lagha M, Rocancourt D, Daubas P, Buckingham ME. A novel genetic hierarchy functions during hypaxial myogenesis: Pax3 directly activates Myf5 in muscle progenitor cells in the limb. Genes Dev 2006, 20(17):2450-2464. 10.1101/gad.382806, 1560418, 16951257.
11. Hu P, Geles KG, Paik JH, DePinho RA, Tjian R. Codependent activators direct myoblast-specific MyoD transcription. Dev Cell 2008, 15(4):534-546. 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.08.018, 2614327, 18854138.
12. Relaix F, Rocancourt D, Mansouri A, Buckingham M. Divergent functions of murine Pax3 and Pax7 in limb muscle development. Genes Dev 2004, 18(9):1088-1105. 10.1101/gad.301004, 406297, 15132998.
13. McKinnell IW, Ishibashi J, Le Grand F, Punch VG, Addicks GC, Greenblatt JF, Dilworth FJ, Rudnicki MA. Pax7 activates myogenic genes by recruitment of a histone methyltransferase complex. Nat Cell Biol 2008, 10(1):77-84. 10.1038/ncb1671, 2739814, 18066051.
14. Kumar D, Shadrach JL, Wagers AJ, Lassar AB. Id3 is a direct transcriptional target of Pax7 in quiescent satellite cells. Mol Biol Cell 2009, 20(14):3170-3177. 10.1091/mbc.E08-12-1185, 2710837, 19458195.
15. Mercado GE, Barr FG. Fusions involving PAX and FOX genes in the molecular pathogenesis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: recent advances. Curr Mol Med 2007, 7(1):47-61. 10.2174/156652407779940440, 17311532.
16. Khan J, Bittner ML, Saal LH, Teichmann U, Azorsa DO, Gooden GC, Pavan WJ, Trent JM, Meltzer PS. cDNA microarrays detect activation of a myogenic transcription program by the PAX3-FKHR fusion oncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96(23):13264-13269. 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13264, 23936, 10557309.
17. Mayanil CS, George D, Freilich L, Miljan EJ, Mania-Farnell B, McLone DG, Bremer EG. Microarray analysis detects novel Pax3 downstream target genes. J Biol Chem 2001, 276(52):49299-49309. 10.1074/jbc.M107933200, 11590174.
18. Barber TD, Barber MC, Tomescu O, Barr FG, Ruben S, Friedman TB. Identification of target genes regulated by PAX3 and PAX3-FKHR in embryogenesis and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Genomics 2002, 79(3):278-284. 10.1006/geno.2002.6703, 11863357.
19. Lagha M, Kormish JD, Rocancourt D, Manceau M, Epstein JA, Zaret KS, Relaix F, Buckingham ME. Pax3 regulation of FGF signaling affects the progression of embryonic progenitor cells into the myogenic program. Genes Dev 2008, 22(13):1828-1837. 10.1101/gad.477908, 2492669, 18593883.
20. Sato T, Rocancourt D, Marques L, Thorsteinsdottir S, Buckingham M. A Pax3/Dmrt2/Myf5 regulatory cascade functions at the onset of myogenesis. PLoS Genet 2010, 6(4):e1000897. 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000897, 2848553, 20368965.
21. Lagha M, Brunelli S, Messina G, Cumano A, Kume T, Relaix F, Buckingham ME. Pax3:Foxc2 reciprocal repression in the somite modulates muscular versus vascular cell fate choice in multipotent progenitors. Dev Cell 2009, 17(6):892-899. 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.021, 20059958.
22. Lallemand Y, Luria V, Haffner-Krausz R, Lonai P. Maternally expressed PGK-Cre transgene as a tool for early and uniform activation of the Cre site-specific recombinase. Transgenic Res 1998, 7(2):105-112. 10.1023/A:1008868325009, 9608738.
23. Jain N, Thatte J, Braciale T, Ley K, O'Connell M, Lee JK. Local-pooled-error test for identifying differentially expressed genes with a small number of replicated microarrays. Bioinformatics 2003, 19(15):1945-1951. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg264, 14555628.
24. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Ser B-Stat Methodol 1995, 27:289-300.
25. Peters H, Wilm B, Sakai N, Imai K, Maas R, Balling R. Pax1 and Pax9 synergistically regulate vertebral column development. Development 1999, 126(23):5399-5408.
26. Mansouri A, Voss AK, Thomas T, Yokota Y, Gruss P. Uncx4.1 is required for the formation of the pedicles and proximal ribs and acts upstream of Pax9. Development 2000, 127(11):2251-2258.
27. Mesbah K, Harrelson Z, Theveniau-Ruissy M, Papaioannou VE, Kelly RG. Tbx3 is required for outflow tract development. Circ Res 2008, 103(7):743-750. 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.172858, 3006184, 18723448.
28. Sun Rhodes LS, Merzdorf CS. The zic1 gene is expressed in chick somites but not in migratory neural crest. Gene Expr Patterns 2006, 6(5):539-545. 10.1016/j.modgep.2005.10.006, 16451832.
29. Buckingham M, Montarras D. Skeletal muscle stem cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2008, 18(4):330-6. 10.1016/j.gde.2008.06.005, 18625314.
30. Keller C, Arenkiel BR, Coffin CM, El-Bardeesy N, Depinho RA, Capecchi MR. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas in conditional Pax3:Fkhr mice: cooperativity of Ink4a/ARF and Trp53 loss of function. Genes Dev 2004, 18(21):2614-2626. 10.1101/gad.1244004, 525542, 15489287.
31. Pallafacchina G, Francois S, Regnault B, Czarny B, Dive V, Cumano A, Montarras D, Buckingham M. An adult tissue-specific stem cell in its niche: a gene profiling analysis of in vivo quiescent and activated muscle satellite cells. Stem Cell Res 2010, 4(2):77-91. 10.1016/j.scr.2009.10.003, 19962952.
32. Shea KL, Xiang W, LaPorta VS, Licht JD, Keller C, Basson MA, Brack AS. Sprouty1 regulates reversible quiescence of a self-renewing adult muscle stem cell pool during regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2010, 6(2):117-129. 10.1016/j.stem.2009.12.015, 20144785.
33. Basson MA, Akbulut S, Watson-Johnson J, Simon R, Carroll TJ, Shakya R, Gross I, Martin GR, Lufkin T, McMahon AP, et al. Sprouty1 is a critical regulator of GDNF/RET-mediated kidney induction. Dev Cell 2005, 8(2):229-239. 10.1016/j.devcel.2004.12.004, 15691764.
34. Minowada G, Jarvis LA, Chi CL, Neubuser A, Sun X, Hacohen N, Krasnow MA, Martin GR. Vertebrate Sprouty genes are induced by FGF signaling and can cause chondrodysplasia when overexpressed. Development 1999, 126(20):4465-4475.
35. Montarras D, Aurade F, Johnson T, J II, Gros F, Pinset C. Autonomous differentiation in the mouse myogenic cell line, C2, involves a mutual positive control between insulin-like growth factor II and MyoD, operating as early as at the myoblast stage. J Cell Sci 1996, 109(Pt 3):551-560.
36. Bladt F, Riethmacher D, Isenmann S, Aguzzi A, Birchmeier C. Essential role for the c-met receptor in the migration of myogenic precursor cells into the limb bud. Nature 1995, 376(6543):768-771. 10.1038/376768a0, 7651534.
37. Davy A, Soriano P. Ephrin signaling in vivo: look both ways. Dev Dyn 2005, 232(1):1-10. 10.1002/dvdy.20200, 15580616.
38. Berardi AC, Marsilio S, Rofani C, Salvucci O, Altavista P, Perla FM, Diomedi-Camassei F, Uccini S, Kokai G, Landuzzi L, et al. Up-regulation of EphB and ephrin-B expression in rhabdomyosarcoma. Anticancer Res 2008, 28(2A):763-769.
39. Clifford N, Smith LM, Powell J, Gattenlohner S, Marx A, O'Connor R. The EphA3 receptor is expressed in a subset of rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and suppresses cell adhesion and migration. J Cell Biochem 2008, 105(5):1250-1259. 10.1002/jcb.21926, 18814179.
40. Araujo M, Piedra ME, Herrera MT, Ros MA, Nieto MA. The expression and regulation of chick EphA7 suggests roles in limb patterning and innervation. Development 1998, 125(21):4195-4204.
41. Iwamasa H, Ohta K, Yamada T, Ushijima K, Terasaki H, Tanaka H. Expression of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands in chick embryonic motor neurons and hindlimb muscles. Dev Growth Differ 1999, 41(6):685-698. 10.1046/j.1440-169x.1999.00468.x, 10646798.
42. Picco V, Hudson C, Yasuo H. Ephrin-Eph signalling drives the asymmetric division of notochord/neural precursors in Ciona embryos. Development 2007, 134(8):1491-1497. 10.1242/dev.003939, 17344225.
43. Shi W, Levine M. Ephrin signaling establishes asymmetric cell fates in an endomesoderm lineage of the Ciona embryo. Development 2008, 135(5):931-940. 10.1242/dev.011940, 18234724.
44. Gustafsson MK, Pan H, Pinney DF, Liu Y, Lewandowski A, Epstein DJ, Emerson CP. Myf5 is a direct target of long-range Shh signaling and Gli regulation for muscle specification. Genes Dev 2002, 16(1):114-126. 10.1101/gad.940702, 155306, 11782449.
45. Borycki AG, Brunk B, Tajbakhsh S, Buckingham M, Chiang C, Emerson CP. Sonic hedgehog controls epaxial muscle determination through Myf5 activation. Development 1999, 126(18):4053-4063.
46. Borello U, Berarducci B, Murphy P, Bajard L, Buffa V, Piccolo S, Buckingham M, Cossu G. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 expression during somitogenesis. Development 2006, 133(18):3723-3732. 10.1242/dev.02517, 16936075.
47. Gros J, Serralbo O, Marcelle C. WNT11 acts as a directional cue to organize the elongation of early muscle fibres. Nature 2009, 457(7229):589-593. 10.1038/nature07564, 18987628.
48. Schuster-Gossler K, Cordes R, Gossler A. Premature myogenic differentiation and depletion of progenitor cells cause severe muscle hypotrophy in Delta1 mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104(2):537-542. 10.1073/pnas.0608281104, 1766420, 17194759.
49. Vasyutina E, Lenhard DC, Wende H, Erdmann B, Epstein JA, Birchmeier C. RBP-J (Rbpsuh) is essential to maintain muscle progenitor cells and to generate satellite cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104(11):4443-4448. 10.1073/pnas.0610647104, 1815471, 17360543.
50. Bajanca F, Luz M, Raymond K, Martins GG, Sonnenberg A, Tajbakhsh S, Buckingham M, Thorsteinsdottir S. Integrin alpha6beta1-laminin interactions regulate early myotome formation in the mouse embryo. Development 2006, 133(9):1635-1644. 10.1242/dev.02336, 16554364.
51. Vasyutina E, Stebler J, Brand-Saberi B, Schulz S, Raz E, Birchmeier C. CXCR4 and Gab1 cooperate to control the development of migrating muscle progenitor cells. Genes Dev 2005, 19(18):2187-2198. 10.1101/gad.346205, 1221889, 16166380.
52. Pourquie O, Fan CM, Coltey M, Hirsinger E, Watanabe Y, Breant C, Francis-West P, Brickell P, Tessier-Lavigne M, Le Douarin NM. Lateral and axial signals involved in avian somite patterning: a role for BMP4. Cell 1996, 84(3):461-471. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81291-X, 8608600.
53. Hirsinger E, Duprez D, Jouve C, Malapert P, Cooke J, Pourquie O. Noggin acts downstream of Wnt and Sonic Hedgehog to antagonize BMP4 in avian somite patterning. Development 1997, 124(22):4605-4614.
54. Michos O, Panman L, Vintersten K, Beier K, Zeller R, Zuniga A. Gremlin-mediated BMP antagonism induces the epithelial-mesenchymal feedback signaling controlling metanephric kidney and limb organogenesis. Development 2004, 131(14):3401-3410. 10.1242/dev.01251, 15201225.
55. L'Honore A, Coulon V, Marcil A, Lebel M, Lafrance-Vanasse J, Gage P, Camper S, Drouin J. Sequential expression and redundancy of Pitx2 and Pitx3 genes during muscle development. Dev Biol 2007, 307(2):421-433.
56. Hildebrand JD, Soriano P. Shroom, a PDZ domain-containing actin-binding protein, is required for neural tube morphogenesis in mice. Cell 1999, 99(5):485-497. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81537-8, 10589677.
57. Hildebrand JD. Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning of an actomyosin network. J Cell Sci 2005, 118(Pt 22):5191-5203. 10.1242/jcs.02626, 16249236.
58. Chung MI, Nascone-Yoder NM, Grover SA, Drysdale TA, Wallingford JB. Direct activation of Shroom3 transcription by Pitx proteins drives epithelial morphogenesis in the developing gut. Development 137(8):1339-1349. 10.1242/dev.044610, 2846243, 20332151.
59. Mizuhara E, Nakatani T, Minaki Y, Sakamoto Y, Ono Y. Corl1, a novel neuronal lineage-specific transcriptional corepressor for the homeodomain transcription factor Lbx1. J Biol Chem 2005, 280(5):3645-3655. 10.1074/jbc.M411652200, 15528197.
60. Tomescu O, Xia SJ, Strezlecki D, Bennicelli JL, Ginsberg J, Pawel B, Barr FG. Inducible short-term and stable long-term cell culture systems reveal that the PAX3-FKHR fusion oncoprotein regulates CXCR4, PAX3, and PAX7 expression. Lab Invest 2004, 84(8):1060-1070. 10.1038/labinvest.3700125, 15184910.
61. Fan CM, Kuwana E, Bulfone A, Fletcher CF, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Crews S, Martinez S, Puelles L, Rubenstein JL, et al. Expression patterns of two murine homologs of Drosophila single-minded suggest possible roles in embryonic patterning and in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome. Mol Cell Neurosci 1996, 7(1):1-16. 10.1006/mcne.1996.0001, 8812055.
62. Coumailleau P, Duprez D. Sim1 and Sim2 expression during chick and mouse limb development. Int J Dev Biol 2009, 53(1):149-157. 10.1387/ijdb.082659pc, 19123137.
63. Laffin B, Wellberg E, Kwak HI, Burghardt RC, Metz RP, Gustafson T, Schedin P, Porter WW. Loss of singleminded-2 s in the mouse mammary gland induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated with up-regulation of slug and matrix metalloprotease 2. Mol Cell Biol 2008, 28(6):1936-1946. 10.1128/MCB.01701-07, 2268409, 18160708.
64. Delfini MC, De La Celle M, Gros J, Serralbo O, Marics I, Seux M, Scaal M, Marcelle C. The timing of emergence of muscle progenitors is controlled by an FGF/ERK/SNAIL1 pathway. Dev Biol 2009, 333(2):229-237. 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.544, 19445915.
65. Alvares LE, Schubert FR, Thorpe C, Mootoosamy RC, Cheng L, Parkyn G, Lumsden A, Dietrich S. Intrinsic, Hox-dependent cues determine the fate of skeletal muscle precursors. Dev Cell 2003, 5(3):379-390. 10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00263-6, 12967558.
66. Vinagre T, Moncaut N, Carapuco M, Novoa A, Bom J, Mallo M. Evidence for a myotomal Hox/Myf cascade governing nonautonomous control of rib specification within global vertebral domains. Dev Cell 2010, 18(4):655-661. 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.02.011, 20412779.
67. Du KL, Ip HS, Li J, Chen M, Dandre F, Yu W, Lu MM, Owens GK, Parmacek MS. Myocardin is a critical serum response factor cofactor in the transcriptional program regulating smooth muscle cell differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2003, 23(7):2425-2437. 10.1128/MCB.23.7.2425-2437.2003, 150745, 12640126.
68. Mielcarek M, Piotrowska I, Schneider A, Gunther S, Braun T. VITO-2, a new SID domain protein, is expressed in the myogenic lineage during early mouse embryonic development. Gene Expr Patterns 2009, 9(3):129-137. 10.1016/j.gep.2008.12.002, 19118645.
69. Gunther S, Mielcarek M, Kruger M, Braun T. VITO-1 is an essential cofactor of TEF1-dependent muscle-specific gene regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2004, 32(2):791-802. 10.1093/nar/gkh248, 373362, 14762206.
70. Tapscott SJ. The circuitry of a master switch: Myod and the regulation of skeletal muscle gene transcription. Development 2005, 132(12):2685-2695. 10.1242/dev.01874, 15930108.
71. Lee KS, Smith K, Amieux PS, Wang EH. MBNL3/CHCR prevents myogenic differentiation by inhibiting MyoD-dependent gene transcription. Differentiation 2008, 76(3):299-309. 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00209.x, 17697127.
72. Long X, Creemers E, Wang D, Olson E, Miano J. Myocardin is a bifunctional switch for smooth versus skeletal muscle differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104(42):16570-16575. 10.1073/pnas.0708253104, 2034223, 17940050.
73. Benezra R, Davis RL, Lockshon D, Turner DL, Weintraub H. The protein Id: a negative regulator of helix-loop-helix DNA binding proteins. Cell 1990, 61(1):49-59. 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90214-Y, 2156629.
74. Crist CG, Montarras D, Pallafacchina G, Rocancourt D, Cumano A, Conway SJ, Buckingham M. Muscle stem cell behavior is modified by microRNA-27 regulation of Pax3 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106(32):13383-13387. 10.1073/pnas.0900210106, 2726381, 19666532.
75. Borycki AG, Li J, Jin F, Emerson CP, Epstein JA. Pax3 functions in cell survival and in pax7 regulation. Development 1999, 126(8):1665-1674.
76. Chang S, McKinsey TA, Zhang CL, Richardson JA, Hill JA, Olson EN. Histone deacetylases 5 and 9 govern responsiveness of the heart to a subset of stress signals and play redundant roles in heart development. Mol Cell Biol 2004, 24(19):8467-8476. 10.1128/MCB.24.19.8467-8476.2004, 516756, 15367668.
77. Tajbakhsh S, Rocancourt D, Cossu G, Buckingham M. Redefining the genetic hierarchies controlling skeletal myogenesis: Pax-3 and Myf-5 act upstream of MyoD. Cell 1997, 89(1):127-138. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80189-0, 9094721.