메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 21, 2004, Pages 2614-2626

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas in conditional Pax3:Fkhr mice: Cooperativity of Ink4a/ARF and Trp53 loss of function

Author keywords

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma; Chromosome translocation; Fkhr; FoxO1A; Pax3; Pax3:Fkhr; Satellite cell

Indexed keywords

ARF PROTEIN; HYBRID PROTEIN; INK4 ARF PROTEIN; PROTEIN; TRP PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 7544243041     PISSN: 08909369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/gad.1244004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (267)

References (56)
  • 2
    • 0035852715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic expression of the tumor-associated PAX3-FKHR fusion protein interferes with the developmental functions of Pax3
    • Anderson, M.J., Shelton, G.D., Cavenee, W.K., and Arden, K.C. 2001. Embryonic expression of the tumor-associated PAX3-FKHR fusion protein interferes with the developmental functions of Pax3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98: 1589-1594.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 1589-1594
    • Anderson, M.J.1    Shelton, G.D.2    Cavenee, W.K.3    Arden, K.C.4
  • 3
    • 0038339994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hoxb1 neural crest preferentially form glia of the PNS
    • Arenkiel, B.R., Gaufo, G.O., and Capecchi, M.R. 2003. Hoxb1 neural crest preferentially form glia of the PNS. Dev. Dyn. 227: 379-386.
    • (2003) Dev. Dyn. , vol.227 , pp. 379-386
    • Arenkiel, B.R.1    Gaufo, G.O.2    Capecchi, M.R.3
  • 4
    • 0344171979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common musculoskeletal tumors of childhood and adolescence
    • Arndt, C.A. and Crist, W.M. 1999. Common musculoskeletal tumors of childhood and adolescence. New Eng. J. Med. 341: 342-352.
    • (1999) New Eng. J. Med. , vol.341 , pp. 342-352
    • Arndt, C.A.1    Crist, W.M.2
  • 5
    • 0025985784 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional termination between the closely linked human complement genes C2 and Factor B: Common termination factor for C2 and c-myc?
    • Ashfield, R., Enriquez-Harris, P., and Proudfoot, N.J. 1991. Transcriptional termination between the closely linked human complement genes C2 and Factor B: Common termination factor for C2 and c-myc? EMBO J. 10: 4197-4207.
    • (1991) EMBO J. , vol.10 , pp. 4197-4207
    • Ashfield, R.1    Enriquez-Harris, P.2    Proudfoot, N.J.3
  • 6
    • 0027534945 scopus 로고
    • Rearrangement of the PAX3 paired box gene in the paediatric solid tumor alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
    • Barr, F.G., Galili, N., Holick, J., Biegel, J.A., Rovera, G., and Emanuel, B.S. 1993. Rearrangement of the PAX3 paired box gene in the paediatric solid tumor alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat. Genet. 3: 113-117.
    • (1993) Nat. Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 113-117
    • Barr, F.G.1    Galili, N.2    Holick, J.3    Biegel, J.A.4    Rovera, G.5    Emanuel, B.S.6
  • 7
    • 0025830788 scopus 로고
    • The muscle regulatory gene, Myf-6, has a biphasic pattern of expression during early mouse development
    • Bober, E., Lyons, G.E., Braun, T., Cossu, G., Buckingham, M., and Arnold, H.-H. 1991. The muscle regulatory gene, Myf-6, has a biphasic pattern of expression during early mouse development. J. Cell Biol. 113: 1255-1265.
    • (1991) J. Cell Biol. , vol.113 , pp. 1255-1265
    • Bober, E.1    Lyons, G.E.2    Braun, T.3    Cossu, G.4    Buckingham, M.5    Arnold, H.-H.6
  • 8
    • 0842344616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple roles of Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 in the formation of the mammalian forelimb zeugopod
    • Boulet, A.M. and Capecchi, M.R. 2004. Multiple roles of Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 in the formation of the mammalian forelimb zeugopod. Development 131: 299-309.
    • (2004) Development , vol.131 , pp. 299-309
    • Boulet, A.M.1    Capecchi, M.R.2
  • 9
    • 0028906771 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of Myf-6 and Myf-5 genes in mice leads to alterations in skeletal muscle development
    • Braun, T. and Arnold, H.-H. 1995. Inactivation of Myf-6 and Myf-5 genes in mice leads to alterations in skeletal muscle development. EMBO J. 14: 1176-1186.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 1176-1186
    • Braun, T.1    Arnold, H.-H.2
  • 10
    • 0036851807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscling in on rhabdomyosarcoma
    • Cavenee, W.K. 2002. Muscling in on rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat. Med. 8: 1200-1201.
    • (2002) Nat. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 1200-1201
    • Cavenee, W.K.1
  • 11
    • 0031573026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-cell analysis of regulatory gene expression in quiescent and activated mouse skeletal muscle satellite cells
    • Cornelison, D.D. and Wold, B.J. 1997. Single-cell analysis of regulatory gene expression in quiescent and activated mouse skeletal muscle satellite cells. Dev. Biol. 191: 270-283.
    • (1997) Dev. Biol. , vol.191 , pp. 270-283
    • Cornelison, D.D.1    Wold, B.J.2
  • 13
    • 0347628826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhabdomyosarcoma development in mice lacking Trp53 and Fos: Tumor suppression by the Fos protooncogene
    • Fleischmann, A., Jochum, W., Eferl, R., Witowsky, J., and Wagner, E.F. 2003. Rhabdomyosarcoma development in mice lacking Trp53 and Fos: Tumor suppression by the Fos protooncogene. Cancer Cell 4: 477-482.
    • (2003) Cancer Cell , vol.4 , pp. 477-482
    • Fleischmann, A.1    Jochum, W.2    Eferl, R.3    Witowsky, J.4    Wagner, E.F.5
  • 14
    • 0345582392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering de novo reciprocal chromosomal translocations associated with M11 to replicate primary events of human cancer
    • Forster, A., Pannell, R., Drynan, L.F., McCormack, M., Collins, E.C., Daser, A., and Rabbitts, T.H. 2003. Engineering de novo reciprocal chromosomal translocations associated with M11 to replicate primary events of human cancer. Cancer Cell 3: 449-458.
    • (2003) Cancer Cell , vol.3 , pp. 449-458
    • Forster, A.1    Pannell, R.2    Drynan, L.F.3    McCormack, M.4    Collins, E.C.5    Daser, A.6    Rabbitts, T.H.7
  • 15
    • 0032055207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal and rearranged PAX3 expression in human rhabdomyosarcoma
    • Frascella, E., Toffolatti, L., and Rosolen, A. 1998. Normal and rearranged PAX3 expression in human rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 102: 104-109.
    • (1998) Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. , vol.102 , pp. 104-109
    • Frascella, E.1    Toffolatti, L.2    Rosolen, A.3
  • 16
    • 0032529257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Up-regulation of MET but not neural cell adhesion molecule expression by the PAX3-FKHR fusion protein in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
    • Ginsberg, J.P., Davis, R.J., Bennicelli, J.L., Nauta, L.E., and Barr, F.G. 1998. Up-regulation of MET but not neural cell adhesion molecule expression by the PAX3-FKHR fusion protein in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Res. 58: 3542-3546.
    • (1998) Cancer Res. , vol.58 , pp. 3542-3546
    • Ginsberg, J.P.1    Davis, R.J.2    Bennicelli, J.L.3    Nauta, L.E.4    Barr, F.G.5
  • 18
    • 0141634051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of chromosome translocations in childhood leukaemia
    • Greaves, M.F. and Wiemels, J. 2003. Origins of chromosome translocations in childhood leukaemia. Nat. Rev. Cancer 3: 639-649.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 639-649
    • Greaves, M.F.1    Wiemels, J.2
  • 19
    • 0027250219 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione S-transferase expression in benign and malignant ovarian tumors
    • Green, J.A., Robertson, L.J., and Clark, A.H. 1993. Glutathione S-transferase expression in benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Br. J. Cancer 68: 235-239.
    • (1993) Br. J. Cancer , vol.68 , pp. 235-239
    • Green, J.A.1    Robertson, L.J.2    Clark, A.H.3
  • 22
    • 1542267804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of fork-head transcription factor (FOXO) family members in mice reveals their functional diversification
    • Hosaka, T., Biggs III, W.H., Tieu, D., Boyer, A.D., Varki, N.M., Cavenee, W.K., and Arden, K.C. 2004. Disruption of fork-head transcription factor (FOXO) family members in mice reveals their functional diversification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101: 2975-2980.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.101 , pp. 2975-2980
    • Hosaka, T.1    Biggs III, W.H.2    Tieu, D.3    Boyer, A.D.4    Varki, N.M.5    Cavenee, W.K.6    Arden, K.C.7
  • 23
    • 0030963602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytosol-to-membrane redistribution of Bax and Bcl-X(L) during apoptosis
    • Hsu, Y.T., Wolter, K.G., and Youle, R.J. 1997. Cytosol-to-membrane redistribution of Bax and Bcl-X(L) during apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 3668-3672.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.94 , pp. 3668-3672
    • Hsu, Y.T.1    Wolter, K.G.2    Youle, R.J.3
  • 24
    • 0032895031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of CD44 by rhabdomyosarcoma: A new prognostic marker?
    • Humphrey, G., Hazel, D.L., MacLennan, K., and Lewis, I. 1999. Expression of CD44 by rhabdomyosarcoma: A new prognostic marker? Br. J. Cancer 80: 918-921.
    • (1999) Br. J. Cancer , vol.80 , pp. 918-921
    • Humphrey, G.1    Hazel, D.L.2    MacLennan, K.3    Lewis, I.4
  • 28
    • 0035734285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic tumor suppressor activity of BRCA2 and p53 in a conditional mouse model for breast cancer
    • Jonkers, J., Meuwissen, R., van der Gulden, H., Peterse, H., van der Valk, M., and Berns, A. 2001. Synergistic tumor suppressor activity of BRCA2 and p53 in a conditional mouse model for breast cancer. Nat. Genet. 29: 418-425.
    • (2001) Nat. Genet. , vol.29 , pp. 418-425
    • Jonkers, J.1    Meuwissen, R.2    Van Der Gulden, H.3    Peterse, H.4    Van Der Valk, M.5    Berns, A.6
  • 29
    • 7544235883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pax3:Fkhr interferes with embryonic Pax3 and Pax7 function: Implications for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell of origin
    • this issue
    • Keller, C, Hansen, M.S., Coffin, C.M., and Capecchi, M.R. 2004. Pax3:Fkhr interferes with embryonic Pax3 and Pax7 function: Implications for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell of origin. Genes & Dev. (this issue).
    • (2004) Genes & Dev.
    • Keller, C.1    Hansen, M.S.2    Coffin, C.M.3    Capecchi, M.R.4
  • 30
    • 0035996794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53 and ageing: Too much of a good thing?
    • Kirkwood, T.B. 2002. p53 and ageing: Too much of a good thing? Bioessays 24: 577-579.
    • (2002) Bioessays , vol.24 , pp. 577-579
    • Kirkwood, T.B.1
  • 31
    • 0032905841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myc oncogene expression and nude mouse tumorigenicity and metastasis formation are higher in alveolar than embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines
    • Kouraklis, G., Triche, T.J., Wesley, R., and Tsokos, M. 1999. Myc oncogene expression and nude mouse tumorigenicity and metastasis formation are higher in alveolar than embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Pediatric Res. 45: 552-558.
    • (1999) Pediatric Res. , vol.45 , pp. 552-558
    • Kouraklis, G.1    Triche, T.J.2    Wesley, R.3    Tsokos, M.4
  • 32
    • 0036787919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pax3-FKHR knock-in mice show developmental aberrations but do not develop tumors
    • Lagutina, I., Conway, S.J., Sublett, J., and Grosveld, G.C. 2002. Pax3-FKHR knock-in mice show developmental aberrations but do not develop tumors. Mol. Cell Biol. 22: 7204-7216.
    • (2002) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 7204-7216
    • Lagutina, I.1    Conway, S.J.2    Sublett, J.3    Grosveld, G.C.4
  • 33
    • 0014654544 scopus 로고
    • Rhabdomyosarcoma in children: Epidemiologic study and identification of a familial cancer syndrome
    • Li, F.P. and Fraumeni Jr., J.F. 1969. Rhabdomyosarcoma in children: Epidemiologic study and identification of a familial cancer syndrome. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 43: 1365-1373.
    • (1969) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.43 , pp. 1365-1373
    • Li, F.P.1    Fraumeni Jr., J.F.2
  • 34
    • 0033036969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic rescue of congenital heart disease and spina bifida in Splotch mice
    • Li, J., Liu, K.C., Jin, F., Lu, M.M., and Epstein, J.A. 1999. Transgenic rescue of congenital heart disease and spina bifida in Splotch mice. Development 126: 2495-2503.
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 2495-2503
    • Li, J.1    Liu, K.C.2    Jin, F.3    Lu, M.M.4    Epstein, J.A.5
  • 35
    • 0024296027 scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: A general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes
    • Mansour, S.L., Thomas, K.R., and Capecchi, M.R. 1988. Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: A general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes. Nature 336: 348-352.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.336 , pp. 348-352
    • Mansour, S.L.1    Thomas, K.R.2    Capecchi, M.R.3
  • 36
    • 0034622048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional modulation of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL by the paired box transcription factors PAX3 and PAX3/FKHR
    • Margue, C.M., Bernasconi, M., Barr, F.G., and Schafer, B.W. 2000. Transcriptional modulation of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL by the paired box transcription factors PAX3 and PAX3/FKHR. Oncogene 19: 2921-2929.
    • (2000) Oncogene , vol.19 , pp. 2921-2929
    • Margue, C.M.1    Bernasconi, M.2    Barr, F.G.3    Schafer, B.W.4
  • 37
    • 0031960660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorescent in situ hybridization detection of HER-2/neu gene amplification in rhabdomyosarcoma
    • Mark, H.F., Brown, S., Sun, C.L., Samy, M., and Afify, A. 1998. Fluorescent in situ hybridization detection of HER-2/neu gene amplification in rhabdomyosarcoma. Pathobiology 66: 59-63.
    • (1998) Pathobiology , vol.66 , pp. 59-63
    • Mark, H.F.1    Brown, S.2    Sun, C.L.3    Samy, M.4    Afify, A.5
  • 38
    • 0029090065 scopus 로고
    • Upstream sequence elements enhance poly(A) site efficiency of the C2 complement gene and are phylogenetically conserved
    • Moreira, A., Wollerton, M., Monks, J., and Proudfoot, N.J. 1995. Upstream sequence elements enhance poly(A) site efficiency of the C2 complement gene and are phylogenetically conserved. EMBO J. 14: 3809-3819.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 3809-3819
    • Moreira, A.1    Wollerton, M.2    Monks, J.3    Proudfoot, N.J.4
  • 39
    • 0027321548 scopus 로고
    • Derivation of completely cell culture-derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells
    • Nagy, A., Rossant, J., Nagy, R., Abramow-Newerly, W., and Roder, J.C. 1993. Derivation of completely cell culture-derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90: 8424-8428.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.90 , pp. 8424-8428
    • Nagy, A.1    Rossant, J.2    Nagy, R.3    Abramow-Newerly, W.4    Roder, J.C.5
  • 41
    • 1642430733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myc pathways provoking cell suicide and cancer
    • Nilsson, J.A. and Cleveland, J.L. 2003. Myc pathways provoking cell suicide and cancer. Oncogene 22: 9007-9021.
    • (2003) Oncogene , vol.22 , pp. 9007-9021
    • Nilsson, J.A.1    Cleveland, J.L.2
  • 42
    • 0034703978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dedifferentiation of mammalian myotubes induced by msx1
    • Odelberg, S.J., Kollhoff, A., and Keatin, M.T. 2000. Dedifferentiation of mammalian myotubes induced by msx1. Cell 103: 1099-1109.
    • (2000) Cell , vol.103 , pp. 1099-1109
    • Odelberg, S.J.1    Kollhoff, A.2    Keatin, M.T.3
  • 43
    • 0029993449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Know your neighbors: Three phenotypes in null mutants of the myogenic bHLH gene MRF4
    • Olson, E.N., Arnold, H.H., Rigby, P.W., and Wold, B.J. 1996. Know your neighbors: Three phenotypes in null mutants of the myogenic bHLH gene MRF4. Cell 85: 1-4.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.85 , pp. 1-4
    • Olson, E.N.1    Arnold, H.H.2    Rigby, P.W.3    Wold, B.J.4
  • 45
    • 0347384010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transcriptional activator PAX3-FKHR rescues the defects of Pax3 mutant mice but induces a myogenic gain-of-function phenotype with ligand-independent activation of Met signaling in vivo
    • Relaix, F., Polimeni, M., Rocancourt, D., Ponzetto, C., Schafer, B.W., and Buckingham, M. 2003. The transcriptional activator PAX3-FKHR rescues the defects of Pax3 mutant mice but induces a myogenic gain-of-function phenotype with ligand-independent activation of Met signaling in vivo. Genes & Dev. 17: 2950-2965.
    • (2003) Genes & Dev. , vol.17 , pp. 2950-2965
    • Relaix, F.1    Polimeni, M.2    Rocancourt, D.3    Ponzetto, C.4    Schafer, B.W.5    Buckingham, M.6
  • 47
  • 49
    • 0032923739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized lacZ expression with the ROSA26 Cre reporter strain
    • Sorriano, P. 1999. Generalized lacZ expression with the ROSA26 Cre reporter strain. Nat. Genet. 21: 70-71.
    • (1999) Nat. Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 70-71
    • Sorriano, P.1
  • 50
    • 0036768391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the myogenic regulatory factor Mrf4 precedes or is contemporaneous with that of Myf5 in the somitic bud
    • Summerbell, D., Halai, C., and Rigby, P.W. 2002. Expression of the myogenic regulatory factor Mrf4 precedes or is contemporaneous with that of Myf5 in the somitic bud. Mech. Dev. 117: 331-335.
    • (2002) Mech. Dev. , vol.117 , pp. 331-335
    • Summerbell, D.1    Halai, C.2    Rigby, P.W.3
  • 51
    • 2642528708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered expression and molecular abnormalities of cell-cycle-regulatory proteins in rhabdomyosarcoma
    • Takahashi, Y., Oda, Y., Kawaguchi, K., Tamiya, S., Yamamoto, H., Suita, S., and Tsuneyoshi, M. 2004. Altered expression and molecular abnormalities of cell-cycle-regulatory proteins in rhabdomyosarcoma. Mod. Pathol. 17: 660-669.
    • (2004) Mod. Pathol. , vol.17 , pp. 660-669
    • Takahashi, Y.1    Oda, Y.2    Kawaguchi, K.3    Tamiya, S.4    Yamamoto, H.5    Suita, S.6    Tsuneyoshi, M.7
  • 53
    • 0042121075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAX7 expression in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma suggests an origin in muscle satellite cells
    • Tiffin, N., Williams, R.D., Shipley, J., and Pritchard-Jones, K. 2003. PAX7 expression in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma suggests an origin in muscle satellite cells. Br. J. Cancer 89: 327-332.
    • (2003) Br. J. Cancer , vol.89 , pp. 327-332
    • Tiffin, N.1    Williams, R.D.2    Shipley, J.3    Pritchard-Jones, K.4
  • 54
    • 3543083872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducible short-term and stable long-term cell culture systems reveal that the PAX3-FKHR fusion oncoprotein regulates CXCR4, PAX3, and PAX7 expression
    • Tomescu, O., Xia, S.J., Strezlecki, D., Bennicelli, J.L., Ginsberg, J., Pawel, B., and Barr, F.G. 2004. Inducible short-term and stable long-term cell culture systems reveal that the PAX3-FKHR fusion oncoprotein regulates CXCR4, PAX3, and PAX7 expression. Lab. Invest. 84: 1060-1070.
    • (2004) Lab. Invest. , vol.84 , pp. 1060-1070
    • Tomescu, O.1    Xia, S.J.2    Strezlecki, D.3    Bennicelli, J.L.4    Ginsberg, J.5    Pawel, B.6    Barr, F.G.7
  • 55
    • 0025944330 scopus 로고
    • Muscle-specific gene expression in rhabdomyosarcomas and stages of human fetal skeletal muscle development
    • Tonin, P.N., Scrable, H., Shimada, H., and Cavenee, W.K. 1991. Muscle-specific gene expression in rhabdomyosarcomas and stages of human fetal skeletal muscle development. Cancer Res. 51: 5100-5106.
    • (1991) Cancer Res. , vol.51 , pp. 5100-5106
    • Tonin, P.N.1    Scrable, H.2    Shimada, H.3    Cavenee, W.K.4
  • 56
    • 0000102827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhabdomyosarcoma and the undifferentiated sarcomas
    • (eds. P.A. Pizzo and D.G. Poplack). Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia
    • Wexler, L.H. and Helman, L.J. 1997. Rhabdomyosarcoma and the undifferentiated sarcomas. In Principles and practice of pediatric oncology (eds. P.A. Pizzo and D.G. Poplack), pp. 799-829. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia.
    • (1997) Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology , pp. 799-829
    • Wexler, L.H.1    Helman, L.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.