Continuous wave Nd:YAG channel waveguide laser produced by focused proton beam writing

Optics Express

Volumn 18, Issue 24, 2010, Pages 24516-24521

  Yao, Yicun ^a   Tan, Yang ^a   Dong, Ningning ^a   Chen, Feng ^a   Bettiol, Andrew A ^b  

^a SHANDONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTINUOUS WAVE LASERS; ION BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; NEODYMIUM; NEODYMIUM LASERS; PLASMA FILLED WAVEGUIDES; PROTON BEAMS; PROTONS;

1064 NM; ABSORBED PUMP POWER; CHANNEL WAVEGUIDE; CONTINUOUS WAVE; MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER; ND: YAG; OPTICAL CHANNEL WAVEGUIDE; PROTON BEAM WRITING; PUMP POWER; SLOPE EFFICIENCIES; WAVEGUIDE LASERS;

PUMPING (LASER);

EID: 78649694593     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.024516     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. J. I. Mackenzie, "Dielectric Solid-State Planar Waveguide Lasers: A Review," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 626-637 (2007).
2. G. Lifante, Integrated Photonics: Fundamentals (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, West Sussex, 2003).
3. G. I. Stegeman, and C. T. Seaton, "Nonlinear integrated optics," J. Appl. Phys. 58(12), R57 (1985).
4. C. J. M. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdré, and U. Oesterle, "Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(18), 2813-2815 (2000).
5. F. Chen, X. L. Wang, and K. M. Wang, "Development of ion-implanted optical waveguides in optical materials: A review," Opt. Mater. 29(11), 1523-1542 (2007).
6. E. J. Murphy, Integrated optical circuits and components: Design and applications (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1999).
7. F. Watt, M. B. H. Breese, A. A. Bettiol, and J. A. van Kan, "Proton beam writing," Mater. Today 10(6), 20-29 (2007).
8. J. A. van Kan, A. A. Bettiol, and F. Watt, "Three-dimensional nanolithography using proton beam writing," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 181, 49 (2001).
9. H. J. Whitlow, M. L. Ng, V. Auželyté, I. Maximov, L. Montelius, J. A. van Kan, A. A. Bettiol, and F. Watt, "Lithography of high spatial density biosensor structures with sub-100 nm spacing by MeV proton beam writing with minimal proximity effect," Nanotechnology 15(1), 223-226 (2004).
10. T. C. Sum, A. A. Bettiol, C. Florea, and F. Watt, "Proton-beam writing of poly-methylmethacrylate buried channel waveguides," J. Lightwave Technol. 24(10), 3803-3809 (2006).
11. K. Ansari, J. A. van Kan, A. A. Bettiol, and F. Watt, "Fabrication of high aspect ratio 100 nm metallic stamps for nanoimprint lithography using proton beam writing," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(3), 476-478 (2004).
12. A. A. Bettiol, S. Venugopal Rao, T. C. Sum, J. A. van Kan, and F. Watt, "Fabrication of optical waveguides using proton beam writing," J. Cryst. Growth 288(1), 209-212 (2006).
13. A. A. Bettiol, T. C. Sum, F. C. Cheong, C. H. Sow, S. Venugopal Rao, J. A. van Kan, E. J. Teo, K. Ansari, and F. Watt, "A progress review of proton beam writing applications in microphotonics," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 231(1-4), 364-371 (2005).
14. T. C. Sum, A. A. Bettiol, H. L. Seng, I. Rajta, J. A. van Kan, and F. Watt, "Proton beam writing of passive waveguides in PMMA," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 210, 266-271 (2003).
15. T. C. Sum, A. A. Bettiol, J. A. van Kan, F. Watt, E. Y. B. Pun, and K. K. Tung, "Proton beam writing of low-loss polymer optical waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(9), 1707-1709 (2003).
16. A. Benayas, D. Jaque, Y. Yao, F. Chen, A. A. Bettiol, A. Rodenas, and A. K. Kar, "Micro-structuring of Nd:YAG crystals by proton beam writing," Opt. Lett. (to be published).
17. A. A. Bettiol, S. Venugopal Rao, E. J. Teo, J. A. van Kan, and F. Watt, "Fabrication of buried channel waveguides in photosensitive glass using proton beam writing," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(17), 171106 (2006).
18. M. Domenech, G. V. Vázquez, E. Cantelar, and G. Lifante, "Continuous-wave laser action at λ=1064.3 nm in proton- and carbon- implanted Nd:YAG waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(20), 4110-4112 (2003).
19. F. Chen, Y. Tan, and D. Jaque, "Ion-implanted optical channel waveguides in neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet transparent ceramics for integrated laser generation," Opt. Lett. 34(1), 28-30 (2009).
20. G. A. Torchia, P. F. Meilán, A. Rodenas, D. Jaque, C. Mendez, and L. Roso, "Femtosecond laser written surface waveguides fabricated in Nd:YAG ceramics," Opt. Express 15(20), 13266-13271 (2007).
21. 12 (Nd:YAG) channel waveguide laser," Appl. Phys. B 97(2), 251-255 (2009).
22. A. Ródenas, G. A. Torchia, G. Lifante, E. Cantelar, J. Lamela, F. Jaque, L. Roso, and D. Jaque, "Refractive index change mechanisms in femtosecond laser written ceramic Nd:YAG waveguides: Micro- spectroscopy experiments and beam propagation calculations," Appl. Phys. B 95(1), 85-96 (2009).
23. G. A. Torchia, A. Rodenas, A. Benayas, E. Cantelar, L. Roso, and D. Jaque, "Highly efficient laser action in femtosecond-written Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet ceramic waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(11), 111103 (2008).
24. F. Watt, J. A. van Kan, I. Rajta, A. A. Bettiol, T. F. Choo, M. B. H. Breese, and T. Osipowicz, "The National University of Singapore high energy ion nano-probe facility: Performance tests," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 210, 14-20 (2003).
25. J. F. Ziegler, computer code, SRIM http://www.srim.org.
26. D. Yevick, and W. Bardyszewski, "Correspondence of variational finite-difference (relaxation) and imaginary-distance propagation methods for modal analysis," Opt. Lett. 17(5), 329-330 (1992).
27. Y. Tan, and F. Chen, "Proton-implanted optical channel waveguides in Nd:YAG laser ceramics," J. Phys. D 43(7), 075105 (2010).