The potential of internet mobilization: An experimental study on the effect of internet and face-to-face mobilization efforts

Political Communication

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 406-431

  Hooghe, Marc ^a   Vissers, Sara ^a   Stolle, Dietlind ^b   Mahéo, Valérie Anne ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Global warming; Internet; Mobilization; Political participation

Indexed keywords

EID: 78349241391     PISSN: 10584609     EISSN: 10917675     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2010.516799     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2. Arceneaux, K., & Nickerson, D. (2009). Who is mobilized to vote? A re-analysis of 11 field experiments. American Journal of Political Science, 53, 1-16.
3. Bennett, W. L. (2004). Communicating global activism. In W. van de Donk, B. Loader, P. Nixon, & D. Rucht (Eds.), Cyberprotest: New media, citizens, and social movements (pp. 90-119). London: Routledge.
4. Bennett, W. L., Breunig, C., & Givens, T. (2008). Communication and political mobilization: Digital media and the organization of anti-Iraq war demonstrations in the U.S. Political Communication, 25, 269-289.
5. Bimber, B. (2001). Information and political engagement in America: The search for effects of information technology at the individual level. Political Research Quarterly, 54, 53-67.
6. Bimber, B. (2003). Information and American democracy: Technology in the evolution of political power. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
7. Bouliane, S. (2009). Does Internet use affect engagement? A meta-analysis of research. Political Communication, 26, 193-211.
8. Bushman, B., & Huesmann, L. H. (2006). Short-term and long-term effects of violent media on aggression in children and adults. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 160, 348-352.
9. Camerer, C. (2003). Behavioral game theory: Experiments on strategic interaction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Davis, R., & Owen, D. (1998). New media and American politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
12. Davis, R., Owen, D., Taras, D., & Ward, S. (Eds.). (2008). Making a difference: A comparative view of the role of the Internet in election politics. Lanham, MD: Lexington Press.
13. Delli Carpini, M. X. (2000). GenCom: Youth, civic engagement, and the new information environment. Political Communication, 17, 341-349.
14. Delli Carpini, M. X., & Keeter, S. (1996). What Americans know about politics and why it matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
15. de Vreese, C. H., & Boomgaarden, H. (2006). News, political knowledge and participation: The differential effects of news media exposure on political knowledge and participation. Acta Politica, 41,317-341.
16. Gerber, A. S., & Green, D. P. (2000). The effects of canvassing, telephone calls, and direct mail on voter turnout: A field experiment. American Political Science Review, 94, 653-663.
17. Gosnell, H. F. (1927). Getting-out-to-vote: An experiment in the stimulation of voting. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
18. Graber, D. (1990). Seeing is remembering. How visuals contribute to learning from television news. Journal of Communication, 40, 134-155.
19. Green, D. P., & Gerber, A. S. (2001). Getting out the youth vote: Results from randomized field experiments. Unpublished manuscript.
20. Hollander, B. A. (2007). Media use and political involvement. In R. W. Preiss, B. M. Gayle, N. Burrell, M. Allen, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Mass media effects research (pp. 377-390). London: Erlbaum.
21. Hooghe, M. (2002). Watching television and civic engagement. Disentangling the effects of time, programs, and stations. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 7, 84-104.
22. Hooghe, M., & Vissers, S. (2009). Reaching out or reaching in? The use of Websites during the 2006 electoral campaign in Belgium. Information, Communication, and Society, 12, 691-714.
23. Howard, P. N. (2006). New media campaigns and the managed citizen. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
24. Huckfeldt, R., & Sprague, J. (1992). Political parties and electoral mobilization: Political structure, social structure, and the party canvass. American Political Science Review, 86, 70-86.
25. Jason, L. A., Rose, T., Ferrari, J. R., & Barone, R. (1984). Personal versus impersonal methods for recruiting blood donations. Journal of Social Psychology, 123, 139-140.
26. John, P., & Brannan, T. (2008). How different are telephoning and canvassing? Results from a "get out the vote" field experiment in the British 2005 general election. British Journal of Political Science, 38, 565-574.
27. Kam, C., Wilking, J., & Zechmeister, E. (2007). Beyond the "narrow data base": Another convenience sample for experimental research. Political Behavior, 29, 415-440.
28. Kenski, K., & Stroud, N. J. (2006). Connections between Internet use and political efficacy, knowledge, and participation. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 50, 173-192.
29. Klandermans, B. (1997). The psychology of social protest. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
30. Klandermans, B., & Oegema, D. (1987). Potentials, networks, motivations, and barriers: Steps towards participation in social movements. American Sociological Review, 52, 519-531.
31. Kramer, G. H. (1970). The effects of precinct-level canvassing on voting behaviour. Public Opinion Quarterly, 34, 560-572.
32. Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53, 1017-1031.
33. Krueger, B. S. (2002). Assessing the potential of Internet political participation in the United States A resource approach. American Politics Research, 30, 467-498.
34. Krueger, B. S. (2006). A comparison of conventional and Internet political mobilization. American Politics Research, 34, 759-776.
35. Miller, M., & Reese, S. D. (1982). Media dependency as interaction: Effects on exposure and reliance on political activity and efficacy. Communication Research, 9, 227-248.
36. Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C., & McNeal, R. (2008). Digital citizenship: The Internet, society, and participation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
37. Moy, P., Torres, M., Tanaka, K., & McCluskey, M. R. (2005). Knowledge or trust? Investigating linkages between media reliance and participation. Communication Research, 33, 59-86.
38. Murray, S., & Mosk, M. (2008, November 10). Under Obama, Web would be the way. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/ 2008/11/10/AR2008111000013.html
39. Nickerson, D. W. (2006). Volunteer phone calls can increase turnout-Evidence from eight field experiments. American Politics Research, 34, 271-292.
40. Nickerson, D. W. (2007). The ineffectiveness of e-vites to democracy: Field experiments testing the role of e-mail on voter turnout. Social Science Computer Review, 25, 494-503.
41. Nickerson, D. W., Fridrichs, R. D., & King, D. C. (2006). Partisan mobilization campaigns in the field: Results from a statewide turnout experiment in Michigan. Political Research Quarterly, 59,85-97.
42. Norris, P. (2006). Did the media matter? Agenda setting, persuasion and mobilization effects in the British general election campaign. British Politics, 1, 195-221.
43. Paik, H., & Comstock, G. (1994). The effect of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 21, 516-546.
44. Pasek, J., Kenski, K., & Romer, D. (2006). America's youth and community engagement: How use of mass media is related to civic activity and political awareness in 14 to 22-year-olds. Communication Research, 33, 115-135.
45. Polat, R. K. (2005). The Internet and political participation: Exploring the explanatory links. European Journal of Communication, 20, 435-459.
46. Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling alone. New York: Simon & Schuster.
47. Quintelier, E., & Vissers, S. (2008). The effect of Internet use on political participation: An analysis of survey results for 16-year-olds in Belgium. Social Science Computer Review, 26, 411-427.
48. Reams, M. A., & Ray, B. H. (1993). The effects of 3 prompting methods on recycling participation rates: A field study. Journal of Environmental Systems, 22, 371-432.
49. Rosenstone, S. J., & Hansen, J. M. (1993). Mobilization, participation, and democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.
50. Shah, D. V., Cho, J., Eveland, W., & Kwak, N. (2005). Information and expression in a digital age: Modeling Internet effects on civic participation. Communication Research, 32, 531-565.
51. Shah, D. V., Kwak, N., & Holbert, R. L. (2001). "Connecting" and "disconnecting" with civic life: Patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital. Political Communication, 18, 141-162.
52. Simon, B., Trötschel, R., & Dähne, D. (2007). Identity affirmation and social movement support. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 935-946.
53. Skocpol, T. (2004). Diminished democracy: From membership to management in American civic life. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
54. Stolle, D., & Hooghe, M. (2005). Inaccurate, exceptional, one-sided or irrelevant? The debate about the alleged decline of social capital and civic engagement in Western societies. British Journal of Political Science, 35, 149-167.
55. Tolbert, C., & McNeal, R. (2003). Unraveling the effects of the Internet on political participation? Political Research Quarterly, 56, 175-185.
56. Uslaner, E. (2004). Trust, civic engagement, and the Internet. Political Communication, 21, 223-242.
57. Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
58. Ward, S., Gibson, R., & Lusoli, W. (2003). Online participation and mobilisation in Britain: Hype, hope and reality. Parliamentary Affairs, 56, 652-668.
59. Weber, L., Loumakis, A., & Bergman, J. (2003). Who participates and why?: An analysis of citizens on the Internet and the mass public. Social Science Computer Review, 21, 26-42.