State-of-the-art: Rheumatoid arthritis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

Volumn 69, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 1898-1906

  McInnes, Iain B ^a   O'Dell, James R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABATACEPT; ADALIMUMAB; ANALGESIC AGENT; CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DISEASE MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUG; ETANERCEPT; GLUCOCORTICOID; GOLIMUMAB; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; INFLIXIMAB; LEFLUNOMIDE; METHOTREXATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; RITUXIMAB; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; TOCILIZUMAB; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

CLINICAL TRIAL; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PERFORATION; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE MARKER; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; BLOOD; DRUG ANTAGONISM; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS; HUMANS; PROGNOSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 78149492075     PISSN: 00034967     EISSN: 14682060     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.134684     Document Type: Review

References (124)

1. Majka DS, Deane KD, Parrish LA, et al. Duration of preclinical rheumatoid arthritis-related autoantibody positivity increases in subjects with older age at time of disease diagnosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:801-7.
2. Sattar N, McInnes IB. Vascular comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis: potential mechanisms and solutions. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005;17:286-92. (Pubitemid 40616574)
3. Klareskog L, Rönnelid J, Lundberg K, et al. Immunity to citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis. Annu Rev Immunol 2008;26:651-75.
4. Klareskog L, Catrina AI, Paget S. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 2009;373:659-72.
5. Taylor PC, Sivakumar B. Hypoxia and angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005;17:293-8.
6. Lee DM, Kiener HP, Agarwal SK, et al. Cadherin-11 in synovial lining formation and pathology in arthritis. Science 2007;315:1006-10.
7. Sidiropoulos PI, Goulielmos G, Voloudakis GK, et al. Inflammasomes and rheumatic diseases: evolving concepts. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:1382-9.
8. Huang QQ, Pope RM. The role of toll-like receptors in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2009;11:357-64.
9. Ospelt C, Brentano F, Rengel Y, et al. Overexpression of toll-like receptors 3 and 4 in synovial tissue from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: toll-like receptor expression in early and longstanding arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:3684-92.
10. Sacre SM, Andreakos E, Kiriakidis S, et al. The Toll-like receptor adaptor proteins MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP contribute to the inflammatory and destructive processes in a human model of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Pathol 2007;170:518-25.
11. Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, Joosten LA, Koenders MI, et al. Stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4 differentially skews the balance of T cells in a mouse model of arthritis. J Clin Invest 2008;118:205-16.
12. Humby F, Bombardieri M, Manzo A, et al. Ectopic lymphoid structures support ongoing production of class-switched autoantibodies in rheumatoid synovium. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1.
13. Klaasen R, Thurlings RM, Wijbrandts CA, et al. The relationship between synovial lymphocyte aggregates and the clinical response to infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:3217-24.
14. Lebre MC, Jongbloed SL, Tas SW, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis synovium contains two subsets of CD83-DC-LAMP- dendritic cells with distinct cytokine profiles. Am J Pathol 2008;172:940-50.
15. Jongbloed SL, Benson RA, Nickdel MB, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate breach of self-tolerance in autoimmune arthritis. J Immunol 2009;182:963-8.
16. Jongbloed SL, Lebre MC, Fraser AR, et al. Enumeration and phenotypical analysis of distinct dendritic cell subsets in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8:R15.
17. Baldwin HM, Ito-Ihara T, Isaacs JD, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade impairs dendritic cell survival and function in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1200-7.
18. Brennan FM, McInnes IB. Evidence that cytokines play a role in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest 2008;118:3537-45.
19. Gabay C, McInnes IB. The biological and clinical importance of the 'new generation' cytokines in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2009;11:230.
20. Raza K, Falciani F, Curnow SJ, et al. Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin. Arthritis Res Ther 2005;7:R784-95.
21. van den Berg WB, Miossec P. IL-17 as a future therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009;5:549-53.
22. Xu D, Jiang HR, Kewin P, et al. IL-33 exacerbates antigen-induced arthritis by activating mast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105:10913-18.
23. Daridon C, Burmester GR, Dörner T. Anticytokine therapy impacting on B cells in autoimmune diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2009;21:205-10.
24. Toussirot E, Streit G, Wendling D. The contribution of adipose tissue and adipokines to inflammation in joint diseases. Curr Med Chem 2007;14:1095-100.
25. Stanczyk J, Pedrioli DM, Brentano F, et al. Altered expression of MicroRNA in synovial fibroblasts and synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:1001-9. (Pubitemid 351564001)
26. Asquith DL, Miller AM, Hueber AJ, et al. Liver X receptor agonism promotes articular inflammation in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:2655-65.
27. Kelso EB, Lockhart JC, Hembrough T, et al. Therapeutic promise of proteinase-activated receptor-2 antagonism in joint inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:1017-24.
28. Weinblatt ME, Kavanaugh A, Burgos-Vargas R, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a Syk kinase inhibitor: a twelve-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:3309-18.
29. Kremer JM, Bloom BJ, Breedveld FC, et al. The safety and efficacy of a JAK inhibitor in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa trial of three dosage levels of CP-690,550 versus placebo. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:1895-905.
30. Cutolo M, Straub RH. Circadian rhythms in arthritis: hormonal effects on the immune/inflammatory reaction. Autoimmun Rev 2008;7:223-8.
31. Cutolo M, Straub RH, Bijlsma JW. Neuroendocrine-immune interactions in synovitis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2007;3:627-34.
32. del Rey A, Wolff C, Wildmann J, et al. Disrupted brain-immune system-joint communication during experimental arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:3090-9.
33. van Maanen MA, Stoof SP, van der Zanden EP, et al. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis patients: a possible role for a key neurotransmitter in synovial inflammation. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:1272-81.
34. Boyle DL, Jones TL, Hammaker D, et al. Regulation of peripheral inflammation by spinal p38 MAP kinase in rats. PLoS Med 2006;3:e338.
35. Saag KG, Teng GG, Patkar NM, et al. American College of Rheumatology. American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59:762-84.
36. O'Dell JR. Therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2591-602.
37. Weinblatt ME, Coblyn JS, Fox DA, et al. Efficacy of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 1985;312:818-22.
38. Andersen PA, West SG, O'Dell JR, et al. Weekly pulse methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic effects in a randomized, double-blind study. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:489-96.
39. Kremer JM, Lee JK. The safety and efficacy of the use of methotrexate in long-term therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:822-31.
40. Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Vaughn WH, et al. Supplementation with folic acid during methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:833-41.
41. O'Dell JR, Haire CE, Erikson N, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1287-91.
42. Tugwell P, Pincus T, Yocum D, et al. Combination therapy with cyclosporine and methotrexate in severe rheumatoid arthritis. The Methotrexate-Cyclosporine Combination Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995;333:137-41
43. Boers M, Verhoeven AC, Markusse HM, et al. Randomised comparison of combined step-down prednisolone, methotrexate and sulphasalazine with sulphasalazine alone in early rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1997;350:309-18.
44. Möttönen T, Hannonen P, Leirisalo-Repo M, et al. Comparison of combination therapy with single-drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised trial. FIN-RACo trial group. Lancet 1999;353:1568-73.
45. Elliott MJ, Maini RN, Feldmann M, et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1994;344:1105-10.
46. Weinblatt ME, Kremer JM, Bankhurst AD, et al. A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. N Engl J Med 1999;340:253-9.
47. Maini RN, Breedveld FC, Kalden JR, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1552-63.
48. Lipsky PE, van der Heijde DM, St Clair EW, et al. Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1594-602.
49. Verstappen SMM, Jacobs JWG, van der Veen MJ, et al. Intensive treatment with methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis: aiming for remission. Computer Assisted Management in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (CAMERA, an open label strategy trial). Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:1443-9.
50. Grigor C, Capell H, Stirling A, et al. Effect of a treatment strategy of tight control for rheumatoid arthritis (the TICORA study): a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:263-9. (Pubitemid 38942816)
51. Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Allaart CF, et al. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of four different treatment strategies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (the BeSt study): a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:3381-90.
52. Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Allaart CF, et al. Comparison of treatment strategies in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:406-15.
53. Bathon JM, Martin RW, Fleischmann RM, et al. A comparison of etanercept and methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1586-93.
54. St Clair EW, van der Heijde DM, Smolen JS, et al. Active-Controlled Study of Patients Receiving Infliximab for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Early Onset Study Group. Combination of infliximab and methotrexate therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:3432-43.
55. van der Bijl AE, Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, et al. Infliximab and methotrexate as induction therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:2129-34.
56. Klareskog L, van der Heijde D, de Jager JP, et al. TEMPO (Trial of Etanercept and Methotrexate with Radiographic Patient Outcomes) study investigators. Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;363:675-81.
57. Breedveld FC, Weisman MH, Kavanaugh AF, et al. The PREMIER study: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of combination therapy with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone or adalimumab alone in patients with early, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who had not had previous methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:26-37.
58. Emery P, Breedveld FC, Hall S, et al. Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treatment trial. Lancet 2008;372:375-82.
59. Moreland L, O'Dell J, Paulus H, et al. TEAR abstract. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:S70759.
60. Saunders SA, Capell HA, Stirling A, et al. Triple therapy in early active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial comparing step-up and parallel treatment strategies. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:1310-17.
61. van der Goes MC, Jacobs JW, Boers M, et al. Monitoring adverse events of low-dose glucocorticoid therapy: EULAR recommendations for clinical trials and daily practice. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1913-19.
62. Smolen JS, Landewé R, Breedveld FC, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:964-75.
63. Kremer JM, Genovese MC, Cannon GW, et al. Concomitant leflunomide therapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite stable doses of methotrexate. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:726-33.
64. O'Dell JR, Leff R, Paulsen G, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and sulfasalazine, or a combination of the three medications: results of a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1164-70.
65. Cohen S, Hurd E, Cush J, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in combination with methotrexate: results of a twenty-four-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:614-24.
66. Keystone E, Weinblatt M, Furst D, et al. The ARMADA trial: a double-blind placebo controlled trial of the fully human anti-TNF monoclonal antibody, adalimumab (D2E7) in patients with active RA on methotrexate (MTX). Arthritis Rheum 200;44:S213.
67. Lehman AJ, Esdaile JM, Klinkhoff AV, et al. METGO Study Group. A 48-week, randomized, double-blind, double-observer, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of combination methotrexate and intramuscular gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: results of the METGO study. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:1360-70.
68. Edwards JC, Szczepanski L, Szechinski J, et al. Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2572-81.
69. Kremer JM, Genant HK, Moreland LW, et al. Effects of abatacept in patients with methotrexate-resistant active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:865-76.
70. Kay J, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B, et al. Golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite treatment with methotrexate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:964-75.
71. Keystone E, Heijde D, Mason D, Jr, et al. Certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate is significantly more effective than placebo plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: findings of a fifty-two-week, phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:3319-29.
72. Smolen JS, Beaulieu A, Rubbert-Roth A, et al. OPTION Investigators. Effect of interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OPTION study): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Lancet 2008;371:987-97.
73. Schiff M, Keiserman M, Codding C, et al. Efficacy and safety of abatacept or infliximab vs placebo in ATTEST: a phase III, multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:1096-103.
74. van Vollenhoven RF, Ernestam S, Geborek P, et al. Addition of infliximab compared with addition of sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine to methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (Swefot trial): 1-year results of a randomised trial. Lancet 2009;374:459-66.
75. Knevel R, Schoels M, Huizinga TW, et al. Current evidence for a strategic approach to the management of rheumatoid arthritis with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:987-94.
76. Hyrich KL, Lunt M, Watson KD, et al. British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Outcomes after switching from one anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agent to a second anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a large UK national cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:13-20. (Pubitemid 46106174)
77. Erickson AR, Mikuls TR. Switching anti-TNF-alpha agents: what is the evidence? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2007;9:416-20.
78. Gomez-Reino JJ, Carmona L. BIOBADASER Group. Switching TNF antagonists in patients with chronic arthritis: an observational study of 488 patients over a four-year period. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8:R29.
79. Smolen JS, Kay J, Doyle MK, et al. GO-AFTER study investigators. Golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (GO-AFTER study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. Lancet 2009;374:210-21.
80. Genovese MC, Becker JC, Schiff M, et al. Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1114-23.
81. Emery P, Keystone E, Tony HP, et al. IL-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab improves treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals: results from a 24-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:1516-23.
82. Cohen SB, Emery P, Greenwald MW, et al. REFLEX Trial Group. Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:2793-806.
83. van Ede AE, Laan RF, Rood MJ, et al. Effect of folic or folinic acid supplementation on the toxicity and efficacy of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:1515-24.
84. Hoekstra M, Haagsma C, Neef C, et al. Splitting high-dose oral methotrexate improves bioavailability: a pharmacokinetic study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2006;33:481-5.
85. Dalrymple JM, Stamp LK, O'Donnell JL, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oral methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:3299-308.
86. Wasko MC, Hubert HB, Lingala VB, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and risk of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 2007;298:187-93.
87. Moreland LW, Baumgartner SW, Schiff MH, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 1997;337:141-7.
88. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1098-104.
89. Lee JH, Slifman NR, Gershon SK, et al. Life-threatening histoplasmosis complicating immunotherapy with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists infliximab and etanercept. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:2565-70
90. Stone JH, Holbrook JT, Marriott MA, et al. Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial Research Group. Solid malignancies among patients in the Wegener's granulomatosis etanercept trial. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:1608-18.
91. Curtis JR, Patkar N, Xie A, et al. Risk of serious bacterial infections among rheumatoid arthritis patients exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:1125-33.
92. Dixon WG, Watson K, Lunt M, et al. British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Rates of serious infection, including site-specific and bacterial intracellular infection, in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:2368-76.
93. Bongartz T, Sutton AJ, Sweeting MJ, et al. Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2006;295:2275-85.
94. Mohan N, Edwards ET, Cupps TR, et al. Demyelination occurring during antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2862-9.
95. Grinblat B, Scheinberg M. The enigmatic development of psoriasis and psoriasiform lesions during anti-TNF therapy: a review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008;37:251-5.
96. Hale S, Lightman S. Anti-TNF therapies in the management of acute and chronic uveitis. Cytokine 2006;33:231-7.
97. Petropoulos IK, Vaudaux JD, Guex-Crosier Y. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy in patients with chronic non-infectious uveitis: the experience of Jules Gonin Eye Hospital. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2008;225:457-61.
98. Slifman NR, Gershon SK, Lee JH, et al. Listeria monocytogenes infection as a complication of treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agents. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:319-24.
99. McDonald JR, Zeringue AL, Caplan L, et al. Herpes zoster risk factors in a national cohort of veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:1364-71.
100. Strangfeld A, Listing J, Herzer P, et al. Risk of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF-alpha agents. JAMA 2009;301:737-44.
101. O'Dell JR, Nepom BS, Haire C, et al. HLA-DRB1 typing in rheumatoid arthritis: predicting response to specific treatments. Ann Rheum Dis 1998;57:209-13.
102. Mease PJ, Revicki DA, Szechinski J, et al. Improved health-related quality of life for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving rituximab: Results of the Dose-Ranging Assessment: International Clinical Evaluation of Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis (DANCER) Trial. J Rheumatol 2008;35:20-30.
103. Yin Ho L, Chiu Mok C, Hung To C, et al. Rituximab for refractory rheumatoid arthritis: a 24-week open-label prospective study. Open Rheumatol 2007;1:1-4.
104. Genovese M, Breedveld F, Emery P, et al. Safety of other biologic therapies following rituximab treatment in RA patients. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58(Suppl 9):S785.
105. Platt AM, Gibson VB, Patakas A, et al. Abatacept limits breach of self-tolerance in a murine model of arthritis via effects on the generation of T follicular helper cells. J Immunol 2010;185:1558-67.
106. Furst DE, Keystone EC, Kirkham B, et al. Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, 2008. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67(Suppl 3):iii2-25.
107. van Gaalen FA, Linn-Rasker SP, van Venrooij WJ, et al. Autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides predict progression to rheumatoid arthritis in patients with undifferentiated arthritis: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:709-15.
108. Meyer O, Labarre C, Dougados M, et al. Anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibody assays in early rheumatoid arthritis for predicting five year radiographic damage. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:120-6.
109. Reveille JD, Alarcón GS, Fowler SE, et al. HLA-DRB1 genes and disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. The MIRA Trial Group. Minocycline in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1802-7.
110. Hider SL, Silman AJ, Thomson W, et al. Can clinical factors at presentation be used to predict outcome of treatment with methotrexate in patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:57-62.
111. Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Boers M, et al. American College of Rheumatology. Preliminary definition of improvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:727-35.
112. American College of Rheumatology Committee to Reevaluate Improvement Criteria. A proposed revision to the ACR20: the hybrid measure of American College of Rheumatology response. Arthritis Rheum 2007;57:193-202.
113. van der Heijde DM, van 't Hof M, van Riel PL, et al. Validity of single variables and indices to measure disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1993;20:538-41.
114. Prevoo ML, van 't Hof MA, Kuper HH, et al. Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:44-8.
115. Smolen JS, Breedveld FC, Schiff MH, et al. A simplified disease activity index for rheumatoid arthritis for use in clinical practice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003;42:244-57.
116. Aletaha D, Nell VP, Stamm T, et al. Acute phase reactants add little to composite disease activity indices for rheumatoid arthritis: validation of a clinical activity score. Arthritis Res Ther 2005;7:R796-806.
117. Yazici Y, Bergman M, Pincus T. Time to score quantitative rheumatoid arthritis measures: 28-Joint Count, Disease Activity Score, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Multidimensional HAQ (MDHAQ), and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data (RAPID) scores. J Rheumatol 2008;35:603-9.
118. Wolfe F, Michaud K, Pincus T. A composite disease activity scale for clinical practice, observational studies, and clinical trials: the Patient Activity Scale (PAS/PAS-II). J Rheumatol 2005;32:2410-15.
119. Kristensen LE, Saxne T, Geborek P. The LUNDEX, a new index of drug efficacy in clinical practice: results of a five-year observational study of treatment with infliximab and etanercept among rheumatoid arthritis patients in southern Sweden. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:600-6.
120. Mäkinen H, Kautiainen H, Hannonen P, et al. A new disease activity index for rheumatoid arthritis: Mean Overall Index for Rheumatoid Arthritis (MOI-RA). J Rheumatol 2008;35:1522-7.
121. Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1580-8.
122. Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:2569-81.
123. Neogi T, Aletaha D, Silman AJ, et al. The 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: phase 2 methodological report. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:2582-91.
124. Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Bijlsma JW, et al. T2T Expert Committee. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:631-7