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For reviews on catalytic enantioselective allylic substitution (EAS) reactions with "hard" C-based nucleophiles, see A. H. Hoveyda, A. W. Hird, M. A. Kacprzynski, Chem. Commun. 2004, 1779 - 1785
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A. O. Larsen, W. Leu, C. N. Oberhuber, J. E. Campbell, A. H. Hoveyda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 11130 - 11131
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J. J. Van-Veldhuizen, J. E. Campbell, R. E. Giudici, A. H. Hoveyda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 6877 - 6882
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M. A. Kacprzynski, T. L. May, S. A. Kazane, A. H. Hoveyda, Angew. Chem. 2007, 119, 4638 - 4642
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16
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33845432746
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15605. For a closely related study with derivatives of bidentate NHC complexes originally designed in these laboratories, see
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For Cu-free allylic alkylations with alkylmagnesium halides, affording all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers, see Y. Lee, A. H. Hoveyda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 15604 - 15605. For a closely related study with derivatives of bidentate NHC complexes originally designed in these laboratories, see
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68849103295
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III complexes, see:, - 11633
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III complexes, see:, Y. Lee, B. Li, A. H. Hoveyda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 11625 - 11633.
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54949113734
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Ref.-[3c]. For catalytic EAS reactions that involve arylmetals but deliver tertiary C-C bonds, see K. B. Selim, K-i. Yamada, K. Tomioka, Chem. Commun. 2008, 5140 - 5142
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84970599545
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64249156936
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30
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70349267328
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7472
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For use of this procedure in Cu-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate additions, see T. L. May, M. K. Brown, A. H. Hoveyda, Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 7468 - 7472
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May, T.L.1
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31
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53249101813
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7362. For a related study involving a relatively limited substrate range and Feringa-type phosphoramidite ligands, see
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Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 7358 - 7362. For a related study involving a relatively limited substrate range and Feringa-type phosphoramidite ligands, see
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32
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54249123973
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8214. Conjugate additions with heteroarylaluminum reagents have not been reported.
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Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8211 - 8214. Conjugate additions with heteroarylaluminum reagents have not been reported.
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34
-
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34250693599
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1118
-
For reports on the utility of sulfonate-based bidentate NHC-Cu complexes in enantioselective formation of quaternary carbon stereogenic centers, see M. K. Brown, T. L. May, C. A. Baxter, A. H. Hoveyda, Angew. Chem. 2007, 119, 1115 - 1118
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34247201978
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1100
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Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 1097 - 1100
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36
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78149444829
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Ref.-[3c]
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Ref.-[3c]
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37
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78149456948
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Ref.-[9a]
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Ref.-[9a]
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39
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78149418623
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Ref.-[6]
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Ref.-[6]
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41
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77957694478
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ASAP
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F. Gao, K.-P. McGrath, Y. Lee, A.-H. Hoveyda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, ASAP.
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Gao, F.1
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67249123346
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4462
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1-symmetric chiral NHC-Cu complexes and their utility in conjugate additions resulting in C-C, C-Si or C-B bonds, respectively, see K-;s. Lee, A. H. Hoveyda, J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 4455 - 4462
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O-brien, J.M.1
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45
-
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78149445554
-
-
2AlCl are used, alkyl (vs. aryl) transfer products are generated (12 % and 10 %, respectively) and 6 is formed in 73:27 and 88:12-e.r., respectively
-
2AlCl are used, alkyl (vs. aryl) transfer products are generated (12 % and 10 %, respectively) and 6 is formed in 73:27 and 88:12-e.r., respectively.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
78149434144
-
-
When PhMgBr is used, site- and enantioselectivity remain the same but efficiency is diminished (68 % vs. >98 % conv. with PhMgCl)
-
When PhMgBr is used, site- and enantioselectivity remain the same but efficiency is diminished (68 % vs. >98 % conv. with PhMgCl).
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
78149428703
-
-
Metal halides can be detrimental to enantioselectivity. For example, when the reaction in entry-2 of Table-1 is performed with an added equivalent of LiCl, the desired product is obtained in ca. 70:30-e.r. Arylaluminum solutions are allowed to stand for 30-min to 1-h to permit precipitation of LiCl to occur prior to the supernatant being utilized. See the Supporting Information for experimental details
-
Metal halides can be detrimental to enantioselectivity. For example, when the reaction in entry-2 of Table-1 is performed with an added equivalent of LiCl, the desired product is obtained in ca. 70:30-e.r. Arylaluminum solutions are allowed to stand for 30-min to 1-h to permit precipitation of LiCl to occur prior to the supernatant being utilized. See the Supporting Information for experimental details.
-
-
-
-
48
-
-
78149422023
-
-
N2′) but furnish products of lower enantiomeric purity. For example, when (diethyl)o-methylphenylaluminum is used with the allylic phosphate in entries-1-4 of Table-2, the EAS product is obtained in 69.5:30.5 e.-r. In the corresponding conjugate addition processes, such arylaluminums give rise to improved e.r.-values (see Ref.-[9a])
-
N2′) but furnish products of lower enantiomeric purity. For example, when (diethyl)o-methylphenylaluminum is used with the allylic phosphate in entries-1-4 of Table-2, the EAS product is obtained in 69.5:30.5 e.-r. In the corresponding conjugate addition processes, such arylaluminums give rise to improved e.r.-values (see Ref.-[9a]).
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
43749096413
-
-
2345
-
For use of furyl- and thienylaluminum reagents in enantioselective additions to carbonyls, see K-H. Wu, D.-W. Chuang, C.-A. Chen, H.-M. Gau, Chem. Commun. 2008, 2343 - 2345
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Biradar, D.B.1
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51
-
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78149452553
-
-
As the example below indicates, EAS with N-containing heterocyclic substrates proceed readily but are hampered by non-selective initial heteroaryllithium formation, affording a difficult to separate mixture of products. See the Supporting Information for details. Use of the pyridine-containing aluminum reagents leads to <2 % conversion. Studies to improve the above transformations are in progress
-
As the example below indicates, EAS with N-containing heterocyclic substrates proceed readily but are hampered by non-selective initial heteroaryllithium formation, affording a difficult to separate mixture of products. See the Supporting Information for details. Use of the pyridine-containing aluminum reagents leads to <2 % conversion. Studies to improve the above transformations are in progress.
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
67650066792
-
-
Ni-catalyzed reactions of styrenes with ethylene furnish enantiomerically enriched products with a benzylic vinyl unit at an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center. See:, - 2100, and references therein
-
Ni-catalyzed reactions of styrenes with ethylene furnish enantiomerically enriched products with a benzylic vinyl unit at an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center. See:, C. R. Smith, H. J. Lim, A. Zhang, T. V. RajanBabu, Synthesis 2009, 2089 - 2100, and references therein.
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Smith, C.R.1
Lim, H.J.2
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Rajanbabu, T.V.4
|