메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 467-475

Neurologic consequences of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)

Author keywords

AIDS; Central nervous system; Encephalitis; HIV 1; Immune deficiency; Immune reconstitution; Meningitis; Opportunistic infection

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; DEXAMETHASONE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NATALIZUMAB; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE;

EID: 78049238099     PISSN: 15284042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-010-0138-y     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (21)

References (46)
  • 2
    • 0026448465 scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine-induced restoration of cell-mediated immunity to mycobacteria in immunodeficient HIV-infected patients
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7ht1ejsw%3D%3D 10.1097/00002030-199211000-00009 1472334
    • MA French SA Mallal RL Dawkins 1992 Zidovudine-induced restoration of cell-mediated immunity to mycobacteria in immunodeficient HIV-infected patients AIDS 6 1293 1297 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7ht1ejsw%3D%3D 10.1097/00002030-199211000-00009 1472334
    • (1992) AIDS , vol.6 , pp. 1293-1297
    • French, M.A.1    Mallal, S.A.2    Dawkins, R.L.3
  • 3
    • 23844441705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposed mechanisms and preventative options of Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00631.x
    • MW Pound DB May 2005 Proposed mechanisms and preventative options of Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions J Clin Pharm Ther 30 291 295 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXlslKmtbs%3D 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00631.x 15896248 (Pubitemid 41603054)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 291-295
    • Pound, M.W.1    May, D.B.2
  • 4
    • 0035719858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic induced endotoxin release and clinical sepsis: A review
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xis1elsb0%3D 11936361
    • RG Holzheimer 2001 Antibiotic induced endotoxin release and clinical sepsis: a review J Chemother 13 Spec No 1 159 172 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xis1elsb0%3D 11936361
    • (2001) J Chemother , vol.13 , Issue.SPEC NO 1 , pp. 159-172
    • Holzheimer, R.G.1
  • 6
    • 3242688059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral CD8+ lymphocytosis in HIV-1 infected patients with immune restoration induced by HAART
    • DOI 10.1007/s00401-004-0852-0
    • RF Miller PG Isaacson M Hall-Craggs, et al. 2004 Cerebral CD8+ lymphocytosis in HIV-1 infected patients with immune restoration induced by HAART Acta Neuropathol 108 17 23 10.1007/s00401-004-0852-0 15085359 (Pubitemid 38961068)
    • (2004) Acta Neuropathologica , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-23
    • Miller, R.F.1    Isaacson, P.G.2    Hall-Craggs, M.3    Lucas, S.4    Gray, F.5    Scaravilli, F.6    An, S.F.7
  • 7
    • 77949886626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological complications of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected populations
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXivVegtL0%3D 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05111.x 20146693
    • T Johnson A Nath 2010 Neurological complications of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected populations Ann N Y Acad Sci 1184 106 120 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXivVegtL0%3D 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05111.x 20146693
    • (2010) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.1184 , pp. 106-120
    • Johnson, T.1    Nath, A.2
  • 8
    • 33749032096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy Insight: CNS manifestations of HIV-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
    • DOI 10.1038/ncpneuro0303, PII NCPNEURO0303
    • DJ Riedel CA Pardo J McArthur A Nath 2006 Therapy insight: CNS manifestations of HIV-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2 557 565 10.1038/ncpneuro0303 16990829 (Pubitemid 44445811)
    • (2006) Nature Clinical Practice Neurology , vol.2 , Issue.10 , pp. 557-565
    • Riedel, D.J.1    Pardo, C.A.2    McArthur, J.3    Nath, A.4
  • 9
    • 15944382687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • 10.1097/01.aids.0000161769.06158.8a 15750393
    • SA Shelburne F Visnegarwala J Darcourt, et al. 2005 Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy AIDS 19 399 406 10.1097/01.aids.0000161769.06158.8a 15750393
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 399-406
    • Shelburne, S.A.1    Visnegarwala, F.2    Darcourt, J.3
  • 10
    • 0034157717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune restoration disease after the treatment of immunodeficient HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsVKntLk%3D 10.1046/j.1468-1293.2000.00012.x 11737333
    • MA French N Lenzo M John, et al. 2000 Immune restoration disease after the treatment of immunodeficient HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV Med 1 107 115 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsVKntLk%3D 10.1046/j.1468-1293.2000.00012.x 11737333
    • (2000) HIV Med , vol.1 , pp. 107-115
    • French, M.A.1    Lenzo, N.2    John, M.3
  • 11
    • 34147095433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorders of immune reconstitution in patients with HIV infection responding to antiretroviral therapy
    • DOI 10.1007/s11904-007-0003-z
    • MA French 2007 Disorders of immune reconstitution in patients with HIV infection responding to antiretroviral therapy Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 4 16 21 10.1007/s11904-007-0003-z 17338856 (Pubitemid 46555247)
    • (2007) Current HIV/AIDS Reports , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-21
    • French, M.A.1
  • 14
    • 43149109712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors for the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients in South Africa: A prospective study
    • DOI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f4a607, PII 0000203020080312000006
    • DM Murdoch WD Venter C Feldman A Van Rie 2008 Incidence and risk factors for the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients in South Africa: a prospective study AIDS 22 601 610 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXislSlsbY%3D 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f4a607 18317001 (Pubitemid 351640593)
    • (2008) AIDS , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 601-610
    • Murdoch, D.M.1    Venter, W.D.F.2    Feldman, C.3    Van Rie, A.4
  • 15
    • 0037131211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in cytokine genes define subpopulations of HIV-1 patients who experienced immune restoration diseases
    • DOI 10.1097/00002030-200210180-00009
    • P Price G Morahan D Huang, et al. 2002 Polymorphisms in cytokine genes define subpopulations of HIV-1 patients who experienced immune restoration diseases AIDS 16 2043 2047 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xns1Cmt74%3D 10.1097/00002030- 200210180-00009 12370503 (Pubitemid 35205268)
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , Issue.15 , pp. 2043-2047
    • Price, P.1    Morahan, G.2    Huang, D.3    Stone, E.4    Cheong, K.Y.M.5    Castley, A.6    Rodgers, M.7    McIntyre, M.Q.8    Abraham, L.J.9    French, M.A.10
  • 16
    • 0036184719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor are increased in HIV patients with a history of immune restoration disease after HAART
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1464-2662.2001.00096.x
    • SF Stone P Price NM Keane, et al. 2002 Levels of IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor are increased in HIV patients with a history of immune restoration disease after HAART HIV Med 3 21 27 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XislCiurs%3D 10.1046/j.1464-2662.2001.00096.x 12059947 (Pubitemid 34189592)
    • (2002) HIV Medicine , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-27
    • Stone, S.F.1    Price, P.2    Keane, N.M.3    Murray, R.J.4    French, M.A.5
  • 17
    • 54849425795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathogenesis of the immune reconstitution disease in HIV patients responding to antiretroviral therapy
    • 10.1097/COH.0b013e328302ebbb 19373000
    • L Kestens N Sedikki PR Bohjanen 2008 Immunopathogenesis of the immune reconstitution disease in HIV patients responding to antiretroviral therapy Curr Opin HIV AIDS 3 419 424 10.1097/COH.0b013e328302ebbb 19373000
    • (2008) Curr Opin HIV AIDS , vol.3 , pp. 419-424
    • Kestens, L.1    Sedikki, N.2    Bohjanen, P.R.3
  • 18
    • 77949750199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70026-8 20334848
    • M Muller S Wandel R Colebunders, et al. 2010 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Lancet Infect Dis 10 251 261 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70026-8 20334848
    • (2010) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.10 , pp. 251-261
    • Muller, M.1    Wandel, S.2    Colebunders, R.3
  • 19
    • 31544479585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: More answers, more questions
    • DOI 10.1093/jac/dki444
    • SA Shelburne M Montes RJ Hamill 2006 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: more answers, more questions J Antimicrob Chemother 57 167 170 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XovVGgtg%3D%3D 10.1093/jac/dki444 16354748 (Pubitemid 43160154)
    • (2006) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-170
    • Shelburne, S.A.1    Montes, M.2    Hamill, R.J.3
  • 20
    • 62849088619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV/AIDS: Outcome and epidemiology
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXit1Cgu78%3D 10.1212/01.wnl.0000343854.80344.69 19255411
    • JA McCombe RN Auer FG Maingat, et al. 2009 Neurologic immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV/AIDS: outcome and epidemiology Neurology 72 835 841 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXit1Cgu78%3D 10.1212/01.wnl.0000343854. 80344.69 19255411
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 835-841
    • McCombe, J.A.1    Auer, R.N.2    Maingat, F.G.3
  • 22
    • 33748636954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain CD8+ and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are associated with, and may be specific for, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • DOI 10.1080/13550280600879204, PII P887474176UHR338
    • CK Petito JE Torres-Munoz F Zielger M McCarthy 2006 Brain CD8+ and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are associated with, and may be specific for, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome J Neurovirol 12 272 283 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFWksbnP 10.1080/13550280600879204 16966218 (Pubitemid 44382979)
    • (2006) Journal of NeuroVirology , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 272-283
    • Petito, C.K.1    Torres-Munoz, J.E.2    Zielger, F.3    McCarthy, M.4
  • 26
    • 77249153621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unmasking of PML by HAART: Unusual clinical features and the role of IRIS
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXitVOisbc%3D 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.11.013 19962769
    • N Sidhu JA McCutchan 2010 Unmasking of PML by HAART: unusual clinical features and the role of IRIS J Neuroimmunol 219 100 104 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXitVOisbc%3D 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.11.013 19962769
    • (2010) J Neuroimmunol , vol.219 , pp. 100-104
    • Sidhu, N.1    McCutchan, J.A.2
  • 27
    • 18344386233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant inflammatory leukoencephalopathy associated with HAART-induced immune restoration in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • DOI 10.1007/s00401-005-0983-y
    • A Vendrely B Bienvenu J Gasnault, et al. 2005 Fulminant inflammatory leukoencephalopathy associated with HAART-induced immune restoration in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Acta Neuropathol 109 449 455 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvF2ntL8%3D 10.1007/s00401-005-0983-y 15739098 (Pubitemid 40637320)
    • (2005) Acta Neuropathologica , vol.109 , Issue.4 , pp. 449-455
    • Vendrely, A.1    Bienvenu, B.2    Gasnault, J.3    Thiebault, J.B.4    Salmon, D.5    Gray, F.6
  • 28
    • 0034032786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune recovery uveitis in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis after highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00356-1, PII S0002939400003561
    • QD Nguyen JH Kempen SG Bolton, et al. 2000 Immune recovery uveitis in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis after highly active antiretroviral therapy Am J Ophthalmol 129 634 639 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3czgsVenug%3D%3D 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00356-1 10844056 (Pubitemid 30323730)
    • (2000) American Journal of Ophthalmology , vol.129 , Issue.5 , pp. 634-639
    • Nguyen, Q.D.1    Kempen, J.H.2    Bolton, S.G.3    Dunn, J.P.4    Jabs, D.A.5
  • 29
    • 77952201778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus-associated cytomegalovirus infection with multiple small vessel cerebral infarcts in the setting of early immune reconstitution
    • 10.3109/13550281003735717 20370600
    • AM Anderson JA Fountain SB Green, et al. 2010 Human immunodeficiency virus-associated cytomegalovirus infection with multiple small vessel cerebral infarcts in the setting of early immune reconstitution J Neurovirol 16 179 184 10.3109/13550281003735717 20370600
    • (2010) J Neurovirol , vol.16 , pp. 179-184
    • Anderson, A.M.1    Fountain, J.A.2    Green, S.B.3
  • 30
    • 67650663196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Later onset of herpes zoster-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1Mvpt1aisw%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00700.x 19490175
    • E Espinosa A Pena-Jimenez CE Ormsby, et al. 2009 Later onset of herpes zoster-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome HIV Med 10 454 457 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1Mvpt1aisw%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00700.x 19490175
    • (2009) HIV Med , vol.10 , pp. 454-457
    • Espinosa, E.1    Pena-Jimenez, A.2    Ormsby, C.E.3
  • 31
    • 70450265510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varicella-zoster virus vasculopathy and central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with steroids
    • 10.1080/13550280902913610 19444693
    • SD Newsome A Nath 2009 Varicella-zoster virus vasculopathy and central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with steroids J Neurovirol 15 288 291 10.1080/13550280902913610 19444693
    • (2009) J Neurovirol , vol.15 , pp. 288-291
    • Newsome, S.D.1    Nath, A.2
  • 32
    • 33645375669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased incidence of genital herpes after HAART initiation: A frequent presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected patients
    • 10.1089/apc.2006.20.143 16548710
    • P Couppie F Sarazin E Clyti, et al. 2006 Increased incidence of genital herpes after HAART initiation: a frequent presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected patients AIDS Patient Care STDS 20 143 145 10.1089/apc.2006.20.143 16548710
    • (2006) AIDS Patient Care STDS , vol.20 , pp. 143-145
    • Couppie, P.1    Sarazin, F.2    Clyti, E.3
  • 33
    • 29444443752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: Report of four cases in three patients and review of the literature
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.02.031, PII S016344530500071X
    • DJ Skiest LJ Hester RD Hardy 2005 Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: report of four cases in three patients and review of the literature J Infect 51 e289 e297 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.02.031 16321643 (Pubitemid 43008980)
    • (2005) Journal of Infection , vol.51 , Issue.5
    • Skiest, D.J.1    Hester, L.J.2    Hardy, R.D.3
  • 34
    • 70049116229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective multicenter study
    • 10.1086/605497 19681708
    • S Sungkanuparph SG Filler P Chetchotisakd, et al. 2009 Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective multicenter study Clin Infect Dis 49 931 934 10.1086/605497 19681708
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.49 , pp. 931-934
    • Sungkanuparph, S.1    Filler, S.G.2    Chetchotisakd, P.3
  • 35
    • 67649213979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective study
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmt1aqurg%3D 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a56f2e 19365271
    • T Bicanic G Meintjes K Rebe, et al. 2009 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective study J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 51 130 134 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmt1aqurg%3D 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a56f2e 19365271
    • (2009) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.51 , pp. 130-134
    • Bicanic, T.1    Meintjes, G.2    Rebe, K.3
  • 36
    • 46049111414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal immune reconstitution in flammatory syndrome with human immunodeficiency virus infection and Candida meningitis: Case report and review of the literature
    • DOI 10.1080/13550280801993622, PII 794315535
    • JL Berkeley A Nath CA Pardo 2008 Fatal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with human immunodeficiency virus infection and Candida meningitis: case report and review of the literature J Neurovirol 14 267 276 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnsFaqtrY%3D 10.1080/13550280801993622 18569461 (Pubitemid 351895548)
    • (2008) Journal of NeuroVirology , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-276
    • Berkeley, J.L.1    Nath, A.2    Pardo, C.A.3
  • 37
    • 34249663738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): Review of common infectious manifestations and treatment options
    • DOI 10.1186/1742-6405-4-9
    • DM Murdoch WD Venter A Van Rie C Feldman 2007 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): review of common infectious manifestations and treatment options AIDS Res Ther 4 9 10.1186/1742-6405-4-9 17488505 (Pubitemid 46824731)
    • (2007) AIDS Research and Therapy , vol.4 , pp. 9
    • Murdoch, D.M.1    Venter, W.D.F.2    Van Rie, A.3    Feldman, C.4
  • 38
    • 66949164814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic manifestations of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: A case series
    • 10.1086/598988 19405867
    • DJ Pepper S Marais G Maartens, et al. 2009 Neurologic manifestations of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case series Clin Infect Dis 48 e96 e107 10.1086/598988 19405867
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.48
    • Pepper, D.J.1    Marais, S.2    Maartens, G.3
  • 39
    • 34548446278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution disease associated with parasitic infections following initiation of antiretroviral therapy
    • DOI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282a6463d, PII 0000143220071000000007
    • SD Lawn 2007 Immune reconstitution disease associated with parasitic infections following initiation of antiretroviral therapy Cur Opin Infect Dis 20 482 488 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282a6463d (Pubitemid 47359644)
    • (2007) Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 482-488
    • Lawn, S.D.1
  • 40
    • 77949492131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: A systematic review
    • 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.05.016 19656712
    • S Leone E Nicastri S Giglio, et al. 2010 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a systematic review Int J Infect Dis 14 e283 e291 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.05.016 19656712
    • (2010) Int J Infect Dis , vol.14
    • Leone, S.1    Nicastri, E.2    Giglio, S.3
  • 41
    • 77949279537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: Lessons from 28 cases
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltF2ktLg%3D 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70028-4 20298967
    • DB Clifford A De Luca DM Simpson, et al. 2010 Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases Lancet Neurol 9 438 446 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltF2ktLg%3D 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70028-4 20298967
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 438-446
    • Clifford, D.B.1    De Luca, A.2    Simpson, D.M.3
  • 42
    • 63049114592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leprosy type 1 (reversal) reactions and their management
    • 19274984
    • SL Walker DN Lockwood 2008 Leprosy type 1 (reversal) reactions and their management Lepr Rev 79 372 386 19274984
    • (2008) Lepr Rev , vol.79 , pp. 372-386
    • Walker, S.L.1    Lockwood, D.N.2
  • 43
    • 44949255452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis
    • Prasad K, Singh MB: Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, (1):CD002244.
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.1
    • Prasad, K.1    Singh, M.B.2
  • 44
    • 69949084953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous cerebrovascular disease: A review
    • 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.07.012 19635500
    • GA Lammie RH Hewlett JF Schoeman PR Donald 2009 Tuberculous cerebrovascular disease: a review J Infect 59 156 166 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.07.012 19635500
    • (2009) J Infect , vol.59 , pp. 156-166
    • Lammie, G.A.1    Hewlett, R.H.2    Schoeman, J.F.3    Donald, P.R.4
  • 46
    • 39049156422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Insight: Steroids in CNS infectious diseases - New indications for an old therapy
    • DOI 10.1038/ncpneuro0713, PII NCPNEURO0713
    • MT Fitch D van de Beek 2008 Drug insight: steroids in CNS infectious diseases-new indications for an old therapy Nat Clin Pract Neurol 4 97 104 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhs1OmurY%3D 10.1038/ncpneuro0713 18256681 (Pubitemid 351248067)
    • (2008) Nature Clinical Practice Neurology , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-104
    • Fitch, M.T.1    Van De Beek, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.