Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a systematic review

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2010, Pages

  Leone, Sebastiano ^a   Nicastri, Emanuele ^b   Giglio, Sergio ^a   Narciso, Pasquale ^b   Ippolito, Giuseppe ^b   Acone, Nicola ^a  

^a S G MOSCATI HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES L SPALLANZANI   (Italy)

Author keywords

HAART; HIV; Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

PREDNISONE;

CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; NONHUMAN; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TUBERCULOSIS;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; MALE; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOSIS;

EID: 77949492131     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.05.016     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Corbett E.L., Watt C.J., Walker N., Maher D., Williams B.G., Raviglione M.C., et al. The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic. Arch Intern Med 163 (2003) 1009-1021
2. Badri M., Wilson D., and Wood R. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incidence of tuberculosis in South Africa: a cohort study. Lancet 359 (2002) 2059-2064
3. Wood R., Maartens G., and Lombard C.J. Risk factors for developing tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected adults from communities with a low or very high incidence of tuberculosis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 23 (2000) 75-80
4. Lawn S.D., Bekker L.G., and Miller R.F. Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretrovirals. Lancet Infect Dis 5 (2005) 361-373
5. Hill A.R., Mateo F., and Hudak A. Transient exacerbation of tuberculous lymphadenitis during chemotherapy in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 19 (1994) 774-776
6. Ramdas K., and Minamoto G.Y. Paradoxical presentation of intracranial tuberculomas after chemotherapy in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 19 (1994) 793-794
7. Narita M., Ashkin D., Hollender E.S., and Pitchenik A.E. Paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis following antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158 (1998) 157-161
8. Crump J.A., Tyrer M.J., Lloyd-Owen S.J., Han L.Y., Lipman M.C., and Johnson M.A. Miliary tuberculosis with paradoxical expansion of intracranial tuberculomas complicating human immunodeficiency virus infection in a patient receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 26 (1998) 1008-1009
9. John M., and French M.A. Exacerbation of the inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis after antiretroviral therapy. Med J Aust 169 (1998) 473-474
10. Chien J.W., and Johnson J.L. Paradoxical reactions in HIV and pulmonary TB. Chest 114 (1998) 933-936
11. Kunimoto D.Y., Chui L., Nobert E., and Houston S. Immune mediated 'HAART' attack during treatment for tuberculosis. Highly active antiretroviral therapy. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 3 (1999) 944-947
12. Furrer H., and Malinverni R. Systemic inflammatory reaction after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients treated for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Med 106 (1999) 371-372
13. French M.A., Lenzo N., John M., Mallal S.A., McKinnon E.J., James I.R., et al. Immune restoration disease after the treatment of immunodeficient HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 1 (2000) 107-115
14. Fishman J.E., Saraf-Lavi E., Narita M., Hollender E.S., Ramsinghani R., and Ashkin D. Pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS patients: transient chest radiographic worsening after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 174 (2000) 43-49
15. Orlovic D., and Smego R.A. Paradoxical tuberculous reactions in HIV-infected patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 5 (2001) 370-375
16. Wendel K.A., Alwood K.S., Gachuhi R., Chaisson R.E., Bishai W.R., and Sterling T.R. Paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons. Chest 120 (2001) 193-197
17. Fernandes G.C., Vieira M.A., Lourenço M.C., Gadelha A.J., Coura L.C., and Rolla V.C. Inflammatory paradoxical reaction occurring in tuberculosis patients treated with HAART and rifampicin. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 44 (2002) 113-114
18. Navas E., Martín-Dávila P., Moreno L., Pintado V., Casado J.L., Fortún J., et al. Paradoxical reactions of tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Arch Intern Med 162 (2002) 97-99
19. Bottieau E., Noe A., Florence E., Ostyn B., and Colebunders R. Development of multiple abscesses in an HIV/TB co-infected patient after initiation of antituberculous and highly active antiretroviral therapy. Acta Clin Belg 57 (2002) 219-222
20. Shelburne S.A., Hamill R.J., Rodriguez-Barradas M.C., Greenberg S.B., Atmar R.L., Musher D.W., et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: emergence of a unique syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Medicine 81 (2002) 213-227
21. Wanchu A., Sud A., Bambery P., and Singh S. Paradoxical reaction in HIV and tuberculosis coinfection. J Assoc Physicians India 50 (2002) 588-589
22. Olalla J., Pulido F., Rubio R., Costa M.A., Monsalvo R., Palenque E., et al. Paradoxical responses in a cohort of HIV-1-infected patients with mycobacterial disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 6 (2002) 71-75
23. Guex A.C., Bucher H.C., Demartines N., Flückiger U., and Battegay M. Inflammatory bowel perforation during immune restoration after one year of antiretroviral and antituberculous therapy in an HIV-1-infected patient: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 45 (2002) 977-978
24. Eyer-Silva W.A., Pinto J.F., Arabe J., and Morais-De-Sa C.A. Paradoxical reaction to the treatment of tuberculosis uncovering previously silent meningeal disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 35 (2002) 59-61
25. Goldsack N.R., Allen S., and Lipman M.C. Adult respiratory distress syndrome as a severe immune reconstitution disease following the commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Sex Transm Infect 79 (2003) 337-338
26. de Lange W.C. Immune reactivation and paradoxical worsening in an HIV-infected tuberculosis patient. Adv Exp Med Biol 531 (2003) 261-266
27. Ramos A., Asensio A., Perales I., Montero M.C., and Martín T. Prolonged paradoxical reaction of tuberculosis in an HIV-infected patient after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22 (2003) 374-376
28. de Boer M.G., Kroon F.P., Kauffmann R.H., Vriesendorp R., Zwinderman K., and van Dissel J.T. Immune restoration disease in HIV-infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: clinical and immunological characteristics. Neth J Med 61 (2003) 408-412
29. Vidal J.E., Cimerman S., Schiavon Nogueira R., Bonasser Filho F., Sztajnbok J., da Silva P.R., et al. Paradoxical reaction during treatment of tuberculous brain abscess in a patient with AIDS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 45 (2003) 177-178
30. Breton G., Duval X., Estellat C., Poaletti X., Bonnet D., Mvondo Mvondo D., et al. Determinants of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV type 1-infected patients with tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 39 (2004) 1709-1712
31. Jehle A.W., Khanna N., Sigle J.P., Glatz-Krieger K., Battegay M., Steiger J., et al. Acute renal failure on immune reconstitution in an HIV-positive patient with miliary tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 38 (2004) 32-35
32. Buckingham S.J., Haddow L.J., Shaw P.J., and Miller R.F. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients with mycobacterial infections starting highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Clin Radiol 59 (2004) 505-513
33. Breen R.A., Smith C.J., Bettinson H., Dart S., Bannister B., Johnson M.A., et al. Paradoxical reactions during tuberculosis treatment in patients with and without HIV co-infection. Thorax 59 (2004) 704-707
34. Lawn S.D., and Macallan D.C. Hypercalcemia: a manifestation of immune reconstitution complicating tuberculosis in an HIV-infected person. Clin Infect Dis 38 (2004) 154-155
35. Kumarasamy N., Chaguturu S., Mayer K.H., Solomon S., Yepthomi H.T., Balakrishnan P., et al. Incidence of immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV/tuberculosis-coinfected patients after initiation of generic antiretroviral therapy in India. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37 (2004) 1574-1576
36. Pedral-Sampaio D.B., Alves C.R., Netto E.M., Brites C., Oliveira A.S., and Badaro R. Efficacy and safety of efavirenz in HIV patients on rifampin for tuberculosis. Braz J Infect Dis 8 (2004) 211-216
37. Patel A., Patel K., Patel J., Shah N., Patel B., and Rani S. Safety and antiretroviral effectiveness of concomitant use of rifampicin and efavirenz for antiretroviral-naive patients in India who are coinfected with tuberculosis and HIV-1. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37 (2004) 1166-1169
38. Richardson D., Rubinstein L., Ross E., Rice A., Wright A.R., Kon O.M., et al. Cystic lung lesions as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-TB co-infection? Thorax 60 (2005) 884
39. Miller R.F., Shahmanesh M., Talbot M.D., Wiselka M.J., Shaw P.J., Bacon C., et al. Progressive symptoms and signs following institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy and subsequent antituberculosis therapy: immune reconstitution syndrome or infection? Sex Transm Infect 82 (2006) 111-116
40. Swaminathan S., Padmapriyadarsini C., Narendran G., Thomas B.E., Anand S., and Rajyalakshmi A. Immune reconstitution syndrome following initiation of antiretroviral therapy in a patient with HIV infection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 47 (2005) 299-304
41. Michailidis C., Pozniak A.L., Mandalia S., Basnayake S., Nelson M.R., and Gazzard B.G. Clinical characteristics of IRIS syndrome in patients with HIV and tuberculosis. Antivir Ther 10 (2005) 417-422
42. Verma S., Bhakta H., Nowain A., Kanel G., and Squires K. Occult hepatic opportunistic infection (OI) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) induced immune reconstitution: an important cause of jaundice in a patient with AIDS. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22 (2006) 1052-1053
43. Manosuthi W., Kiertiburanakul S., Phoorisri T., and Sungkanuparph S. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients receiving antituberculous and antiretroviral therapy. J Infect 53 (2006) 357-363
44. Corti M., Palmero D., Trione N., Semorile K., Yampolsky C., Ambroggi M., et al. Cerebral abscess associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and immune reconstitution. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10 (2006) 1417
45. Ferrand R.A., Elgalib A., Newsholme W., Childerhouse A., Edwards S.G., and Miller R.F. Hypercalcaemia complicating immune reconstitution in an HIV-infected patient with disseminated tuberculosis. Int J STD AIDS 17 (2006) 349-350
46. Dautremer J., Pacanowski J., Girard P.M., Lalande V., Sivignon F., and Meynard J.L. A new presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome followed by a severe paradoxical reaction in an HIV-1-infected patient with tuberculous meningitis. AIDS 21 (2007) 381-382
47. Narendran G., Swaminathan S., Sathish S., and Rajasekaran S. Immune reconstitution syndrome in a child with TB and HIV. Indian J Pediatr 73 (2006) 627-629
48. Zampoli M., Kilborn T., and Eley B. Tuberculosis during early antiretroviral-induced immune reconstitution in HIV-infected children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11 (2007) 417-423
49. Rajeswaran G., Becker J.L., Michailidis C., Pozniak A.L., and Padley S.P. The radiology of IRIS (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) in patients with mycobacterial tuberculosis and HIV co-infection: appearances in 11 patients. Clin Radiol 61 (2006) 833-843
50. Cailhol J., Pizzocolo C., Brauner M., Bouchaud O., and Abgrall S. A delayed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. AIDS 21 (2007) 115-116
51. Rathinam S.R., and Lalitha P. Paradoxical worsening of ocular tuberculosis in HIV patients after antiretroviral therapy. Eye 21 (2007) 667-668
52. Huyst V., Lynen L., Bottieau E., Zolfo M., Kestens L., and Colebunders R. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV/TB co-infected patient four years after starting antiretroviral therapy. Acta Clin Belg 62 (2007) 126-129
53. Park W.B., Choe P.G., Jo J.H., Kim S.H., Bang J.H., Kim H.B., et al. Tuberculosis manifested by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during HAART. AIDS 21 (2007) 875-877
54. Lee C.H., Lui C.C., and Liu J.W. Immune reconstitution syndrome in a patient with AIDS with paradoxically deteriorating brain tuberculoma. AIDS Patient Care STDS 21 (2007) 234-239
55. Tuon F.F., Mulatti G.C., Pinto W.P., de Siqueira Franca F.O., and Gryschek R.C. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with disseminated mycobacterial infection in patients with AIDS. AIDS Patient Care STDS 21 (2007) 527-532
56. Manabe Y.C., Campbell J.D., Sydnor E., and Moore R.D. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: risk factors and treatment implications. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46 (2007) 456-462
57. Tansuphasawadikul S., Saito W., Kim J., Phonrat B., Dhitavat J., Chamnachanan S., et al. Outcomes in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy with tuberculosis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 38 (2007) 1053-1060
58. Murdoch D.M., Venter W.D., Feldman C., and Van Rie A. Incidence and risk factors for the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients in South Africa: a prospective study. AIDS 22 (2008) 601-610
59. Meintjes G., Lawn S.D., Scano F., Maartens G., French M.A., Worodria W., et al. Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case definitions for use in resource-limited settings. Lancet Infect Dis 8 (2008) 516-523
60. Cheng V.C., Yam W.C., Woo P.C., Lau S.K., Hung I.F., Wong S.P., et al. Risk factors for development of paradoxical response during antituberculosis therapy in HIV-negative patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22 (2003) 597-602
61. Lipman M., and Breen R. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV. Curr Opin Infect Dis 19 (2006) 20-25
62. Smith C.J., Sabin C.A., Lampe F.C., Kinloch-de-Loes S., Gumley H., Carroll A., et al. The potential for CD4 cell increases in HIV-positive individuals who control viraemia with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 17 (2003) 963-969
63. Kaufmann G.R., Perrin L., Pantaleo G., Opravil M., Furrer H., Telenti A., et al. CD4 T-lymphocyte recovery in individuals with advanced HIV-1 infection receiving potent antiretroviral therapy for 4 years: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 163 (2003) 2187-2195
64. Pakker N.G., Roos M.T., van Leeuwen R., de Jong M.D., Koot M., Reiss P., et al. Patterns of T-cell repopulation, virus load reduction, and restoration of T-cell function in HIV-infected persons during therapy with different antiretroviral agents. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 16 (1997) 318-326
65. Carcelain G., Debré P., and Autran B. Reconstitution of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected individuals following antiretroviral therapy. Curr Opin Immunol 13 (2001) 483-488
66. Lederman M.M. Immune restoration and CD4+ T-cell function with antiretroviral therapies. AIDS 15 (2001) 11-15
67. Bourgarit A., Carcelain G., Martinez V., Lascoux C., Delcey V., Gicquel B., et al. Explosion of tuberculin-specific Th1-responses induces immune restoration syndrome in tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients. AIDS 20 (2006) F1-7
68. French M.A., Price P., and Stone S.F. Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 18 (2004) 1615-1627
69. Dannenberg A.M. Delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Immunol Today 12 (1991) 228-233
70. Price P., Morahan G., Huang D., Stone E., Cheong K.Y., Castley A., et al. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes define subpopulations of HIV-1 patients who experienced immune restoration diseases. AIDS 16 (2002) 2043-2047
71. Shelburne S.A., Visnegarwala F., Darcourt J., Graviss E.A., Giordano T.P., White A.C., et al. Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 19 (2005) 399-406
72. Colebunders R., John L., Huyst V., Kambugu A., Scano F., and Lynen L. Tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in countries with limited resources. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10 (2006) 946-953
73. Shelburne S.A., Montes M., and Hamill R.J. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: more answers, more questions. J Antimicrob Chemother 57 (2006) 167-170
74. Robertson J., Meier M., Wall J., Ying J., and Fichtenbaum C.J. Immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV: validating a case definition and identifying clinical predictors in persons initiating antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 42 (2006) 1639-1646
75. Zhou J., Ditangco R., and TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database. Predicting immune reconstitution syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 44 (2007) 147-148
76. Burman W.J., and Jones B.E. Treatment of HIV-related tuberculosis in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164 (2001) 7-12
77. McComsey G.A., Whalen C.C., Mawhorter S.D., Asaad R., Valdez H., Patki A.H., et al. Placebo-controlled trial of prednisone in advanced HIV-1 infection. AIDS 15 (2001) 321-327
78. Meintjes G, Wilkinson R, Morroni C, Pepper D, Rebe K, Rangaka M, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of prednisone for the TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 8-11, 2009, Montreal, Canada (abstract no. 34).
79. Shelburne S.A., and Hamill R.J. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. AIDS Rev 5 (2003) 67-79
80. Schiffer J.T., and Sterling T.R. Timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation in tuberculosis patients with AIDS: a decision analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 44 (2007) 229-234
81. Abdool Karim S, Naidoo K, Grobler A, Padayatchi N, Nair G, Bamber S, et al. Initiating ART during TB treatment significantly increases survival: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial in TB/HIV-co-infected patients in South Africa. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 8-11, 2009, Montreal, Canada (abstract no. 36a).
82. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (HIVMA/IDSA); June 18, 2008. Available at: http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/adult_oi.pdf (accessed July 2009).
83. Friedland G., Churchyard G.J., and Nardell E. Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection: current state of knowledge and research priorities. J Infect Dis 196 (2007) 1-3
84. Cannas A., Goletti D., Girardi E., Chiacchio T., Calvo L., Cuzzi G., et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA detection in soluble fraction of urine from pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 12 (2008) 146-151
85. Pai M., Zwerling A., and Menzies D. Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: an update. Ann Intern Med 149 (2008) 177-184
86. Rebe K, Meintjes G, Rangaka MX, Pepper DJ, Morroni C, Maartens G, et al. High rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis among patients with suspected tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in South Africa. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 3-6, 2008, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (abstract no. 1009).