Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective study

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 130-134

  Bicanic, Tihana ^a,b,c   Meintjes, Graeme ^a,c   Rebe, Kevin ^a,c   Williams, Anthony ^d   Loyse, Angela ^a,b,c   Wood, Robin ^a   Hayes, Madeleine ^b   Jaffar, Shabbar ^e   Harrison, Thomas ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c GF Jooste Hospital   (South Africa)

^d NATIONAL HEALTH LABORATORY SERVICE   (South Africa)

^e LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cryptococcal meningitis; Cryptococcus; HIV; Immune reconstitution; IRIS

Indexed keywords

ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CYTOKINE; EFAVIRENZ; FLUCONAZOLE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 6; LAMIVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; STAVUDINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ARTICLE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLEARANCE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; AIDS RELATED COMPLEX; PROSPECTIVE STUDY;

AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; HUMANS; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; INCIDENCE; MENINGITIS, CRYPTOCOCCAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 67649213979     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a56f2e     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Bicanic T, Wood R, Bekker LG, et al. Antiretroviral roll-out, antifungal roll-back: access to treatment for cryptococcal meningitis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:530-531.
2. Bicanic T, Meintjes G, Wood R, et al. Fungal burden, early fungicidal activity, and outcome in cryptococcal meningitis in antiretroviral-naive or antiretroviral-experienced patients treated with amphotericin B or fluconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:76-80.
3. Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Miller RF. Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretrovirals. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:361-373.
4. Shelburne SA III, Hamill RJ, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: emergence of a unique syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002;81: 213-227.
5. Boelaert JR, Goddeeris KH, Vanopdenbosch LJ, et al. Relapsing meningitis caused by persistent cryptococcal antigens and immune reconstitution after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2004;18:1223-1224.
6. Manfredi R, Pieri F, Pileri SA, et al. The changing face of AIDS-related opportunism: cryptococcosis in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Case reports and literature review. Mycopathologia. 1999; 148:73-78.
7. Cattelan AM, Trevenzoli M, Sasset L, et al. Multiple cerebral cryptococcomas associated with immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2004;18:349-351.
8. Jenny-Avital ER, Abadi M. Immune reconstitution cryptococcosis after initiation of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:e128-e133.
9. Trevenzoli M, Cattelan AM, Rea F, et al. Mediastinitis due to cryptococcal infection: a new clinical entity in the HAART era. J Infect. 2002;45: 173-179.
10. Woods ML, MacGinley R, Eisen DP, et al. HIV combination therapy: partial immune restitution unmasking latent cryptococcal infection. AIDS. 1998;12:1491-1494.
11. Skiest DJ, Hester LJ, Hardy RD. Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: report of four cases in three patients and review of the literature. J Infect. 2005;51:e289-e297.
12. Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Myer L, et al. Cryptococcocal immune reconstitution disease: a major cause of early mortality in a South African antiretroviral programme. AIDS. 2005; 19:2050-2052.
13. Shelburne SA III, Darcourt J, White AC Jr, et al. The role of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS-related Cryptococcus neoformans disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:1049-1052.
14. Lortholary O, Fontanet A, Memain N, et al. Incidence and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome complicating HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France. AIDS. 2005;19:1043-1049.
15. Sungkanuparph S, Jongwutiwes U, Kiertiburanakul S. Timing of cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;45:595-596.
16. Bicanic T, Wood R, Meintjes G, et al. High-dose amphotericin B with flucytosine for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:123-130.
17. Mussini C, Pezzotti P, Miro JM, et al. Discontinuation of maintenance therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: an international observational study. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:565-571.
18. Vibhagool A, Sungkanuparph S, Mootsikapun P, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:1329-1331.
19. Saag MS, Graybill RJ, Larsen RA, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:710-718.
20. Brouwer AE, Rajanuwong A, Chierakul W, et al. Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2004;363:1764-1767.
21. Siddiqui A, Brouwer AE, Suprapada P, et al. Interferon-gamma at the site of infection determines rate of clearance of infection in cryptococcal meningitis. J Immunol. 2005; 174:1746-1750.
22. Shelburne SA, Visnegarwala F, Darcourt J, et al. Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2005; 19:399-406.
23. Lawn SD, Myer L, Orrell C, et al. Early mortality among adults accessing a community-based antiretroviral service in South Africa: implications for programme design. AIDS. 2005;19:2141-2148.
24. Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, et al. Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries. Lancet. 2006;367:817-824.
25. Murdoch DM, Venter WD, Feldman C, et al. Incidence and risk factors for the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients in South Africa: a prospective study. AIDS. 2008;22:601-610.