메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 251-259

Apathy in persons with Alzheimer's disease: An overview

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Apathy; Caregiving; Neuropsychiatric symptoms

Indexed keywords


EID: 77958067968     PISSN: 19363001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACQ.0b013e3181f8bbaa     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0025156861 scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy
    • Marin RS. Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy. Am J Psychiatry. 1990; 147: 22-30.
    • (1990) Am J Psychiatry , vol.147 , pp. 22-30
    • Marin, R.S.1
  • 2
    • 0024955980 scopus 로고
    • Personality alterations in dementia of alzheimer type: A three- year follow-up
    • Petry S, Cummings JL, Hill MA, Shapira J. Personality alterations in dementia of Alzheimer type: a three- year follow-up. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1989; 2: 203-207.
    • (1989) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 203-207
    • Petry, S.1    Cummings, J.L.2    Hill, M.A.3    Shapira, J.4
  • 3
    • 34447123253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical characteristics of geriatric apathy and depression: A magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Lavretsky H, Ballmaier M, Phani D, Toga A, Kumar A. Neuroanatomical characteristics of geriatric apathy and depression: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007; 15: 386-394.
    • (2007) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 386-394
    • Lavretsky, H.1    Ballmaier, M.2    Phani, D.3    Toga, A.4    Kumar, A.5
  • 4
    • 0025899466 scopus 로고
    • Apathy: A neuropsychiatric syndrome
    • Marin RS. Apathy: a neuropsychiatric syndrome. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1991; 3: 243-254.
    • (1991) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 243-254
    • Marin, R.S.1
  • 5
    • 33749529734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence, clinical correlates and treatment of apathy in alzheimer's disease
    • Starkstein SE, Jorge R, Mizrah R. The prevalence, clinical correlates and treatment of apathy in Alzheimer's disease.Eur JPsychiat. 2006; 20: 96-106.
    • (2006) Eur JPsychiat , vol.20 , pp. 96-106
    • Starkstein, S.E.1    Jorge, R.2    Mizrah, R.3
  • 6
    • 0029843807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow correlates of apathy in alzheimer's disease
    • Craig AH, Cummings JL, Fairbanks L, et al. Cerebral blood flow correlates of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1996; 53: 1116-1120.
    • (1996) Arch Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 1116-1120
    • Craig, A.H.1    Cummings, J.L.2    Fairbanks, L.3
  • 7
    • 0034061003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective behavioral disturbances in alzheimer's disease and ischemic vascular disease
    • Hargrave R, Geck LC, Reed B, Mungas D. Affective behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer's disease and ischemic vascular disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000; 68: 41-46.
    • (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 41-46
    • Hargrave, R.1    Geck, L.C.2    Reed, B.3    Mungas, D.4
  • 8
    • 0000001932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal behavioral syndromes in cortical and subcortical dementia
    • Paulsen JS, Stout JC, DeLaPena JH, et al. Frontal behavioral syndromes in cortical and subcortical dementia. Assessment. 1996; 3: 327-337.
    • (1996) Assessment , vol.3 , pp. 327-337
    • Paulsen, J.S.1    Stout, J.C.2    Delapena, J.H.3
  • 11
    • 2142644730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social cognitive neuroscience: Where are we heading?
    • Blakemore SJ, Winston J, Frith U. Social cognitive neuroscience: where are we heading? Trends Cogn Sci. 2004; 8: 216-222.
    • (2004) Trends Cogn Sci , vol.8 , pp. 216-222
    • Blakemore, S.J.1    Winston, J.2    Frith, U.3
  • 12
    • 0033837078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal brain development and aging: Quantitative analysis at in vivo mr imaging in healthy volunteers
    • Courchesne E, chisum HJ, Townsend J, et al. Normal brain development and aging: quantitative analysis at in vivo MR imaging in healthy volunteers. Radiology. 2000; 216: 672-682.
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.216 , pp. 672-682
    • Courchesne, E.1    Chisum, H.J.2    Townsend, J.3
  • 13
    • 0345146928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping cortical changes across the human life span
    • Sowell ER, Peterson BS, Thompson PM, et al. Mapping cortical changes across the human life span. Nature Neurosci. 2003; 6: 309-315.
    • (2003) Nature Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 309-315
    • Sowell, E.R.1    Peterson, B.S.2    Thompson, P.M.3
  • 15
    • 43549103108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational anatomical methods as applied to ageing and dementia
    • Thompson PM, Apostolova LG. Computational anatomical methods as applied to ageing and dementia. Br J Radiol. 2007; 80: S78-S91.
    • (2007) Br J Radiol , vol.80
    • Thompson, P.M.1    Apostolova, L.G.2
  • 16
    • 33746494905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of initiative and interest in Alzheimer's disease: A single photon emission computed tomography study
    • Robert PH, Darcourt G, Koulibaly MP, et al. Lack of initiative and interest in Alzheimer's disease: a single photon emission computed tomography study. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13: 729-735.
    • (2006) Eur J neurol , vol.13 , pp. 729-735
    • Robert, P.H.1    Darcourt, G.2    Koulibaly, M.P.3
  • 17
    • 0027203627 scopus 로고
    • Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior
    • Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. Arch Neurol. 1993; 50: 873-880.
    • (1993) Arch Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 873-880
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 18
    • 17944362144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perfusion brain spect and statistical parametric mapping analysis indicate that apathy is a cingulated syndrome: A study in alzheimer's disease and nonde- mented patients
    • Migneco O, Benoit M, Koulibaly PM, et al. Perfusion brain SPECT and statistical parametric mapping analysis indicate that apathy is a cingulated syndrome: a study in Alzheimer's disease and nonde- mented patients.Neuroimage. 2001; 13: 896-902.
    • (2001) Neuroimage , vol.13 , pp. 896-902
    • Migneco, O.1    Benoit, M.2    Koulibaly, P.M.3
  • 19
    • 34249704353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and its treatment in alzheimer's disease and other dementias
    • Accessed July 11, 2009
    • Malloy PF, Boyle PA. Apathy and its treatment in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Psychiatr Times. 2005; 23. http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/ display/article/10168/52691?pageNumber=3. Accessed July 11, 2009.
    • (2005) Psychiatr Times , pp. 23
    • Malloy, P.F.1    Boyle, P.A.2
  • 21
    • 37249066622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal dopamine transporter levels correlate with apathy in neurodegenerative diseases: A spect study with partial volumetric effect correlation
    • David R, Koulibaly M, Benoit M, et al. Striatal dopamine transporter levels correlate with apathy in neurodegenerative diseases: a SPECT study with partial volumetric effect correlation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008; 110: 19-24.
    • (2008) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.110 , pp. 19-24
    • David, R.1    Koulibaly, M.2    Benoit, M.3
  • 22
    • 13444282255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral metabolism in early alzheimer's disease with clinically significant apathy or depression
    • Holthoff VA, Beuthian-Baumann B, Kalbe E, et al. Regional cerebral metabolism in early Alzheimer's disease with clinically significant apathy or depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 57: 412-421.
    • (2005) Biol Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 412-421
    • Holthoff, V.A.1    Beuthian-Baumann, B.2    Kalbe, E.3
  • 23
    • 0037097225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain perfusion in alzheimer's disease with and without apathy: A spect study with statistical parametric mapping analysis
    • Benoit M, Koulibaly PM, Migneco O, et al. Brain perfusion in Alzheimer's disease with and without apathy: a SPECT study with statistical parametric mapping analysis.Psychiatry Res. 2002; 114: 103-111.
    • (2002) Psychiatry Res , vol.114 , pp. 103-111
    • Benoit, M.1    Koulibaly, P.M.2    Migneco, O.3
  • 24
    • 0035091670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex neurofibrillary tangle burden in associated with agitation in alzheimer's disease
    • Tekin S, Mega MS, Masterman DM, et al. Orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex neurofibrillary tangle burden in associated with agitation in Alzheimer's disease.Ann Neurol. 2001; 49: 355-361.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 355-361
    • Tekin, S.1    Mega, M.S.2    Masterman, D.M.3
  • 27
    • 20844452049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic patterns associated with the clinical response to galan- tamine therapy: A fludeoxyglucose f-18 positron emission tomography study
    • Mega MS, Dinov ID, Porter V et al. Metabolic patterns associated with the clinical response to galan- tamine therapy: a fludeoxyglucose f-18 positron emission tomography study. Arch Neurol. 2005; 62: 721-728.
    • (2005) Arch Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 721-728
    • Mega, M.S.1    Dinov, I.D.2    Porter, V.3
  • 30
    • 60849137194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy in alzheimer's disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders
    • Robert P, Onyike CU, Leentjens AF, et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy in Alzheimer's disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur Psychiatry. 2009; 24: 98-104.
    • (2009) Eur Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 98-104
    • Robert, P.1    Onyike, C.U.2    Leentjens, A.F.3
  • 31
    • 0001858632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and related disorders of diminished motivation
    • Dickstein LJ, Riba MB, Oldham JM, eds., Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press
    • Marin RS. Apathy and related disorders of diminished motivation. In: Dickstein LJ, Riba MB, Oldham JM, eds. Review of Psychiatry. Vol 15. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1996: 205-242.
    • (1996) Review of Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 205-242
    • Marin, R.S.1
  • 32
    • 0033880915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and withdrawal
    • Starkstein SE. Apathy and withdrawal. Int Psychogeriatr. 2000; 12(suppl 1): 135-138.
    • (2000) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 135-138
    • Starkstein, S.E.1
  • 34
    • 0029887389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of behavioral changes in alzheimer's disease
    • Mega MS, Cummings JL, Fiorello T, Gornbein J. The spectrum of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1996; 46: 130-135.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 130-135
    • Mega, M.S.1    Cummings, J.L.2    Fiorello, T.3    Gornbein, J.4
  • 35
    • 41549100708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular factors and risk for neuropsychiatric symptoms in alzheimer's disease: The cache county study
    • Treiber KA, Lyketsos CG, Corcoran C, et al. Vascular factors and risk for neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: the Cache County Study. Int Psychogeriatr. 2008; 20: 538-553.
    • (2008) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.20 , pp. 538-553
    • Treiber, K.A.1    Lyketsos, C.G.2    Corcoran, C.3
  • 36
    • 0019519773 scopus 로고
    • Mood changes following left hemisphere brain injury
    • Robinson RG, Szetela B. Mood changes following left hemisphere brain injury. Ann Neurol. 1981; 9: 447-453.
    • (1981) Ann Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 447-453
    • Robinson, R.G.1    Szetela, B.2
  • 37
    • 0021330851 scopus 로고
    • Mood disorders in stroke patients: Importance of location of lesion
    • Robinson RG, Kubos KL, Starr LB, Rao K, Price TR. Mood disorders in stroke patients: importance of location of lesion. Brain. 1984; 107: 81-93.
    • (1984) Brain , vol.107 , pp. 81-93
    • Robinson, R.G.1    Kubos, K.L.2    Starr, L.B.3    Rao, K.4    Price, T.R.5
  • 40
    • 0037372604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease
    • DOI 10.1176/appi.ajgp.11.2.222
    • Ready RE, Ott BR, Grace J, Cahn-Weiner DA. Apathy and executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003; 11: 222-228. (Pubitemid 36254196)
    • (2003) American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 222-228
    • Ready, R.E.1    Ott, B.R.2    Grace, J.3    Cahn-Weiner, D.A.4
  • 41
    • 8244256653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cingulate function in depression: A potential predictor of treatment response
    • Mayberg HS, Brannan SK, Mahurin RK, et al. Cingulate function in depression: a potential predictor of treatment response. Neuroreport. 1997; 8: 1057-1061.
    • (1997) Neuroreport , vol.8 , pp. 1057-1061
    • Mayberg, H.S.1    Brannan, S.K.2    Mahurin, R.K.3
  • 43
    • 0033637008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and behavioral heterogeneity in alzheimer's disease: Seeking the neuro- biological basis
    • Cummings JL. Cognitive and behavioral heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease: seeking the neuro- biological basis. Neurobiol Aging. 2000; 21: 845-861.
    • (2000) Neurobiol Aging , vol.21 , pp. 845-861
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 44
    • 33947096956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tomography of grey matter involvement in early and late onset alzheimer's disease
    • Frisoni GB, Pievani M, Testa C, et al. The tomography of grey matter involvement in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2007; 130: 720-730.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 720-730
    • Frisoni, G.B.1    Pievani, M.2    Testa, C.3
  • 46
    • 0028280817 scopus 로고
    • Group differences in the relationship between apathy and depression
    • Marin RS, Firinciogullari S, Biedrzycki RC. Group differences in the relationship between apathy and depression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994; 182: 235-239.
    • (1994) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.182 , pp. 235-239
    • Marin, R.S.1    Firinciogullari, S.2    Biedrzycki, R.C.3
  • 48
    • 84982593351 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and clinical correlates of apathy and irritability in alzheimer's disease
    • Starkstein SE, Migliorelli R, Manes F, et al. The prevalence and clinical correlates of apathy and irritability in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol. 1995; 2: 54-546.
    • (1995) Eur J Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 54-546
    • Starkstein, S.E.1    Migliorelli, R.2    Manes, F.3
  • 50
    • 0036904309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The apathy inventory: Assessment of apathy and awareness in alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, and mild cognitive impairment
    • Robert PH, Clairet S, Benoit M, et al. The apathy inventory: assessment of apathy and awareness in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002; 17: 1099-1105.
    • (2002) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 1099-1105
    • Robert, P.H.1    Clairet, S.2    Benoit, M.3
  • 51
    • 0030958347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychiatric inventory: Assessing psychopathology in dementia patients
    • Cummings JL. The neuropsychiatric inventory: assessing psychopathology in dementia patients. Neurology. 1997; 48(suppl 6): S10-S16.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 53
    • 34447119554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a short version of apathy evaluation scale specifically adapted for demented nursing home residents
    • Lueken U, Seidi U, Volker L, Schweiger E, Kruse A, Schroder J. Development of a short version of apathy evaluation scale specifically adapted for demented nursing home residents. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007; 15: 376-385.
    • (2007) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 376-385
    • Lueken, U.1    Seidi, U.2    Volker, L.3    Schweiger, E.4    Kruse, A.5    Schroder, J.6
  • 54
    • 33646897697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lille apathy rating scale (lars), a new instrument for detecting and quantifying apathy: Validation in parkinson's disease
    • Sockeel IP Dujardin K, Devos D, Deneve C, Destee A, Defebvre L. The Lille apathy rating scale (LARS), a new instrument for detecting and quantifying apathy: validation in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neu- rosurg Psychiatry. 2006; 77: 579-584.
    • (2006) J Neurol Neu- Rosurg Psychiatry , vol.77 , pp. 579-584
    • Sockeel, I.P.1    Dujardin, K.2    Devos, D.3    Deneve, C.4    Destee, A.5    Defebvre, L.6
  • 55
    • 0027985334 scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychiatric inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
    • Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, et al. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology. 1994; 44: 2308-2314.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 2308-2314
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Mega, M.2    Gray, K.3
  • 56
    • 0034523749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in alzheimer's disease: Characteristics and treatment
    • Chung JA, Cummings JL. Neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: characteristics and treatment. Neurol Clin. 2000; 18: 829-846.
    • (2000) Neurol Clin , vol.18 , pp. 829-846
    • Chung, J.A.1    Cummings, J.L.2
  • 57
    • 0030657607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavior and caregiver burden: Behavioral problems in patients with alzheimer's disease and its association with caregiver distress
    • Teri L. Behavior and caregiver burden: behavioral problems in patients with Alzheimer's disease and its association with caregiver distress. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1997; 11(suppl 4): S35-S38.
    • (1997) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Teri, L.1
  • 58
    • 0026595384 scopus 로고
    • Functional status and clinical findings in patients with alzheimer's
    • Freels S, Cohen D, Eisdorfer C, et al. Functional status and clinical findings in patients with Alzheimer's. J Gerontol. 1992; 47: M177-M182.
    • (1992) J Gerontol , vol.47
    • Freels, S.1    Cohen, D.2    Eisdorfer, C.3
  • 60
    • 0020039276 scopus 로고
    • Measuring behavioral disturbance of elderly demented patients in the community and its effect on relative: A factor analytic study
    • Greene JG, Smith R, Gardiner M, Timbury GC. Measuring behavioral disturbance of elderly demented patients in the community and its effect on relative: a factor analytic study. Age Ageing. 1982; 11: 121-126.
    • (1982) Age Ageing , vol.11 , pp. 121-126
    • Greene, J.G.1    Smith, R.2    Gardiner, M.3    Timbury, G.C.4
  • 61
    • 0031941259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms in alzheimer's disease. The neuropsychiatric inventory caregiver distress scale
    • Kaufer DI, Cummings JL, Christine D, et al. Assessing the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998; 46: 210-215.
    • (1998) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.46 , pp. 210-215
    • Kaufer, D.I.1    Cummings, J.L.2    Christine, D.3
  • 64
    • 33847346003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modafinil therapy for apathy in an elderly patient
    • Padala PR, Burke WJ, Bhatia SC. Modafinil therapy for apathy in an elderly patient. Ann Pharmacother. 2007; 41: 346-349.
    • (2007) Ann Pharmacother , vol.41 , pp. 346-349
    • Padala, P.R.1    Burke, W.J.2    Bhatia, S.C.3
  • 65
    • 0023914203 scopus 로고
    • Compulsive pre-sleep behavior and apathy due to bilateral thalamic stroke: Response to bromocriptine
    • Catsman-Berrevoets CE, von Harskamp F. Compulsive pre-sleep behavior and apathy due to bilateral thalamic stroke: response to bromocriptine. Neurology. 1988; 38: 647-649.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 647-649
    • Catsman-Berrevoets, C.E.1    Von Harskamp, F.2
  • 66
    • 0036754180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylphenidate treats apathy in parkinson's disease
    • Chatterjee A, Fahn S. Methylphenidate treats apathy in Parkinson's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002; 14: 461-462.
    • (2002) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 461-462
    • Chatterjee, A.1    Fahn, S.2
  • 68
    • 0035038583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward individualized evidence-based medicine: Five "N of 1" trials of methylphenidate in geriatric patients
    • Janse IH, Olde Rikkert MG, Hulsbos HA, Hoefnagels WH. Toward individualized evidence-based medicine: five "N of 1" trials of methylphenidate in geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001; 49: 474-476.
    • (2001) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.49 , pp. 474-476
    • Janse, I.H.1    Olde Rikkert, M.G.2    Hulsbos, H.A.3    Hoefnagels, W.H.4
  • 69
    • 77958066943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open label treatment of apathy in dementia of alzheimer type with methylphenidate
    • Padala PR, Bhatia SC, Burke WJ. Open label treatment of apathy in dementia of Alzheimer type with methylphenidate. J Am Geriatr. 2006; 54: S52.
    • (2006) J Am Geriatr , vol.54
    • Padala, P.R.1    Bhatia, S.C.2    Burke, W.J.3
  • 70
    • 0037371279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of cholinesterase inhibitors in clinical practice: Evidence-based recommendations
    • Cummings JL. Use of cholinesterase inhibitors in clinical practice: evidence-based recommendations. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003; 11: 131-145.
    • (2003) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.11 , pp. 131-145
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 72
    • 37649026816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
    • update
    • Birks JS, Harvey R. Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003; (3): CD001190 (update).
    • (2003) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.3
    • Birks, J.S.1    Harvey, R.2
  • 74
    • 0036756311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivastigmine in current clinical practice in patients with mild to moderate dementia
    • Dartigues JF, Goulley F, Bourdeix I, Pere JJ, Barberger-Gateau P. Rivastigmine in current clinical practice in patients with mild to moderate dementia. Rev Neurol. 2002; 158: 807-812.
    • (2002) Rev Neurol , vol.158 , pp. 807-812
    • Dartigues, J.F.1    Goulley, F.2    Bourdeix, I.3    Pere, J.J.4    Barberger-Gateau, P.5
  • 75
    • 27844431640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivastigmine nursing home study team. Effects of rivastigmine treatment on the neuropsychiatric and behavioral disturbances of nursing home residents with moderate to severe probable alzheimer's disease: A 26-week, multicenter, open- label study
    • Cummings JL, Koumaras B, Chen M, Mirski D; Rivastigmine Nursing Home Study Team. Effects of rivastigmine treatment on the neuropsychiatric and behavioral disturbances of nursing home residents with moderate to severe probable Alzheimer's disease: a 26-week, multicenter, open- label study. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2005; 3: 137-148.
    • (2005) Am J Geriatr Pharmacother , vol.3 , pp. 137-148
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Koumaras, B.2    Chen, M.3    Mirski, D.4
  • 78
    • 4444284168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonpharmacological interventions for symptoms in alzheimer's disease
    • Overshott R, Byrne J, Bums A. Nonpharmacological interventions for symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother. 2004; 4: 809-821.
    • (2004) Expert Rev Neurother , vol.4 , pp. 809-821
    • Overshott, R.1    Byrne, J.2    Bums, A.3
  • 79
    • 8644266123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled, clinical trial of activity therapy for apathy in patients with dementia residing in long-term care unit
    • Politis AM, Vozzella S, Mayer LS, Onyike CU, Baker AS, Lyketsos CG. A randomized, controlled, clinical trial of activity therapy for apathy in patients with dementia residing in long-term care unit. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004; 19: 1087-1094.
    • (2004) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 1087-1094
    • Politis, A.M.1    Vozzella, S.2    Mayer, L.S.3    Onyike, C.U.4    Baker, A.S.5    Lyketsos, C.G.6
  • 81
    • 0028970590 scopus 로고
    • Video respite: An innovative resource for family, professional caregivers, and persons with dementia
    • Lund DA, Hill RD, Caserta MS, Wright SD. Video respite: an innovative resource for family, professional caregivers, and persons with dementia. Gerontologist. 1995; 35: 683-687.
    • (1995) Gerontologist , vol.35 , pp. 683-687
    • Lund, D.A.1    Hill, R.D.2    Caserta, M.S.3    Wright, S.D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.