메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 232-238

Relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with chronic liver disease: What do we know and how is it relevant in critical care medicine

Author keywords

adrenal insufficiency; cortisol; critical illness; liver cirrhosis; sepsis

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; ETOMIDATE; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUDROCORTISONE; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; HYDROCORTISONE; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; NORADRENALIN; PRASTERONE; PRASTERONE SULFATE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

EID: 77957774554     PISSN: 10680640     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CPM.0b013e3181ef9ede     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (81)
  • 2
    • 1042288661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis: Desensitization of vasoconstrictive receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinases
    • Vashist Y, Semela D, Dufour JF. Hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis: desensitization of vasoconstrictive receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinases. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62:82-85.
    • (2004) Med Hypotheses , vol.62 , pp. 82-85
    • Vashist, Y.1    Semela, D.2    Dufour, J.F.3
  • 3
    • 0036920202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis: Not peripheralvasodilatationbut 'splanchnic steal.'
    • Newby DE, Hayes PC Hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis: not peripheralvasodilatationbut 'splanchnic steal.' QJM. 2002;95:827-830.
    • (2002) QJM , vol.95 , pp. 827-830
    • Newby, D.E.1    Hayes, P.C.2
  • 4
    • 0036855335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated nitric oxide levels in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis correlate with disease stage and parameters ofhyperdynamic circulation
    • Arkenau HT, Stichtenoth DO, Frolich JC, et al. Elevated nitric oxide levels in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis correlate with disease stage and parameters ofhyperdynamic circulation. ZGastroenterol. 2002;40:907-913.
    • (2002) ZGastroenterol , vol.40 , pp. 907-913
    • Arkenau, H.T.1    Stichtenoth, D.O.2    Frolich, J.C.3
  • 5
    • 0033983003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis: No evidence for peripheral vasodilation detected by ultrasound of the brachial artery
    • Gaenzer H, Sturm W, Neumayr G, et al. Hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis: no evidence for peripheral vasodilation detected by ultrasound of the brachial artery. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:551-552.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 551-552
    • Gaenzer, H.1    Sturm, W.2    Neumayr, G.3
  • 6
    • 0030297486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum and urinary nitrate levels in liver cirrhosis: Endotoxemia, renal function and hyperdynamic circulation
    • Campillo B, Bories PN, Benvenuti C, et al. Serum and urinary nitrate levels in liver cirrhosis: endotoxemia, renal function and hyperdynamic circulation. J Hepatol. 1996;25:707-714.
    • (1996) J Hepatol , vol.25 , pp. 707-714
    • Campillo, B.1    Bories, P.N.2    Benvenuti, C.3
  • 7
    • 0029833659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma interleukin-8 levels in patients with post-hepatitic cirrhosis: Relationship to severity ofliver disease, portal hyper-tension and hyperdynamic circulation
    • Li CP, Lee FY, Tsai YT, et al. Plasma interleukin-8 levels in patients with post-hepatitic cirrhosis: relationship to severity ofliver disease, portal hyper-tension and hyperdynamic circulation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996;11: 635-640.
    • (1996) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.11 , pp. 635-640
    • Li, C.P.1    Lee, F.Y.2    Tsai, Y.T.3
  • 8
    • 1642412728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome predictors of cirrhosis patients admitted to the intensive care unit
    • Arabi Y, Ahmed QA, Haddad S, et al. Outcome predictors of cirrhosis patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;16:333-339.
    • (2004) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.16 , pp. 333-339
    • Arabi, Y.1    Ahmed, Q.A.2    Haddad, S.3
  • 9
    • 0036220030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of performance of four mortality prediction systems in a Saudi Arabian intensive care unit
    • Arabi Y, Haddad S, Goraj R, et al. Assessment of performance of four mortality prediction systems in a Saudi Arabian intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2002;6:166-174.
    • (2002) Crit Care , vol.6 , pp. 166-174
    • Arabi, Y.1    Haddad, S.2    Goraj, R.3
  • 10
    • 0028348661 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic changes in acute adrenal insufficiency
    • Bouachour G, Tirot P, Varache N, et al. Hemodynamic changes in acute adrenal insufficiency. Intensive Care Med. 1994;20:138-141.
    • (1994) Intensive Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 138-141
    • Bouachour, G.1    Tirot, P.2    Varache, N.3
  • 11
    • 20444474570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hepatoadrenal syndrome: A common yet unrecognized clinical condition
    • Marik PE, Gayowski T, Starzl TE. The hepatoadrenal syndrome: a common yet unrecognized clinical condition. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:1254-1259.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1254-1259
    • Marik, P.E.1    Gayowski, T.2    Starzl, T.E.3
  • 12
    • 0038402656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-glandular axes and relation to child-Pugh classification in male patients with alcoholic andvirus-related cirrhosis
    • Zietz B, Lock G, Plach B, et al. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic- pituitary-glandular axes and relation to child-Pugh classification in male patients with alcoholic andvirus-related cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;15: 495-501.
    • (2003) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.15 , pp. 495-501
    • Zietz, B.1    Lock, G.2    Plach, B.3
  • 13
    • 0036322095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical importance ofadrenal insuf-ficiency in acute hepatic dysfunction
    • Harry R, Auzinger G, Wendon J. The clinical importance ofadrenal insuf-ficiency in acute hepatic dysfunction. Hepatology. 2002;36:395-402.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , pp. 395-402
    • Harry, R.1    Auzinger, G.2    Wendon, J.3
  • 14
    • 0043288753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects ofsupraphysiological doses of corticosteroids in hypotensive liver failure
    • Harry R, Auzinger G, Wendon J. The effects ofsupraphysiological doses of corticosteroids in hypotensive liver failure. Liver Int. 2003;23:71-77
    • (2003) Liver Int , vol.23 , pp. 71-77
    • Harry, R.1    Auzinger, G.2    Wendon, J.3
  • 15
    • 38149093909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperreninemic hypoaldosteron-ism syndrome, plasma concentrations ofinterleukin-6 and outcome in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis
    • du Cheyron D, Bouchet B, Cauquelin B, et al. Hyperreninemic hypoaldosteron-ism syndrome, plasma concentrations ofinterleukin-6 and outcome in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34:116-124.
    • (2008) Intensive Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 116-124
    • Du Cheyron, D.1    Bouchet, B.2    Cauquelin, B.3
  • 16
    • 77957774146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocortisone for cirrhotic patients with septic shock: Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial
    • Arabi Y, Al Jumah A, Dabbagh O, et al. Hydrocortisone for cirrhotic patients with septic shock: double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 2008;179:A1561.
    • (2008) Am J Resp Crit Care Med , vol.179
    • Arabi, Y.1    Al Jumah, A.2    Dabbagh, O.3
  • 17
    • 33750996166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock: Effect of treatment with hydrocortisone on survival
    • Fernandez J, Escorsell A, Zabalza M, et al. Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock: effect of treatment with hydrocortisone on survival. Hepatology. 2006;44:1288-1295.
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.44 , pp. 1288-1295
    • Fernandez, J.1    Escorsell, A.2    Zabalza, M.3
  • 18
    • 33645962481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis, severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Tsai MH, Peng YS, Chen YC, et al. Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Hepatology. 2006;43:673-681.
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.43 , pp. 673-681
    • Tsai, M.H.1    Peng, Y.S.2    Chen, Y.C.3
  • 19
    • 32844462046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal-exhaustion syndrome in patients with liver disease
    • Marik PE. Adrenal-exhaustion syndrome in patients with liver disease. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32:275-280.
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 275-280
    • Marik, P.E.1
  • 20
    • 34347363214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and clinical consequences of critical illness associ-ated adrenal insufficiency
    • Marik PE. Mechanisms and clinical consequences of critical illness associ-ated adrenal insufficiency. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2007;13:363-369.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.13 , pp. 363-369
    • Marik, P.E.1
  • 21
    • 0027251756 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal function in end-stage non-alcoholic liver disease
    • Mc Donald JA, Handelsman DJ, Dilworth P, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal function in end-stage non-alcoholic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1993;8:247-253.
    • (1993) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.8 , pp. 247-253
    • Mc Donald, J.A.1    Handelsman, D.J.2    Dilworth, P.3
  • 22
    • 4344574905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science review: Mechanisms ofimpaired adrenal function in sepsis and molecular actions of glucocorticoids
    • Prigent H, Maxime V, Annane D. Science review: mechanisms ofimpaired adrenal function in sepsis and molecular actions of glucocorticoids. Crit Care. 2004;8:243-252.
    • (2004) Crit Care , vol.8 , pp. 243-252
    • Prigent, H.1    Maxime, V.2    Annane, D.3
  • 23
    • 0032513027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of high density lipoprotein as substrate cholesterol for steroidogenesis by bovine adrenal fasciculoreticularis cells
    • Yaguchi H, Tsutsumi K, Shimono K, et al. Involvement of high density lipoprotein as substrate cholesterol for steroidogenesis by bovine adrenal fasciculoreticularis cells. Life Sci. 1998;62:1387-1395.
    • (1998) Life Sci , vol.62 , pp. 1387-1395
    • Yaguchi, H.1    Tsutsumi, K.2    Shimono, K.3
  • 24
    • 0030998696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum lipid and lipoprotein patterns in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic active hepa-titis
    • Cicognani C, Malavolti M, Morselli-Labate AM, et al. Serum lipid and lipoprotein patterns in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic active hepa-titis. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:792-796.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 792-796
    • Cicognani, C.1    Malavolti, M.2    Morselli-Labate, A.M.3
  • 25
    • 0035157378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral massive adrenal hemorrhage. Assessment of putative risk factors by the case-control method
    • Kovacs KA, Lam YM, Pater JL. Bilateral massive adrenal hemorrhage. Assessment of putative risk factors by the case-control method. Medicine (Baltimore). 2001;80:45-53.
    • (2001) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.80 , pp. 45-53
    • Kovacs, K.A.1    Lam, Y.M.2    Pater, J.L.3
  • 26
    • 0024519848 scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation in renal sodium and potassium handling in cirrhosis. The role ofaldosterone, cortisol, sympathoadrenergic tone, and intratubular factors
    • Trevisani F, Bernardi M, De Palma R, et al. Circadian variation in renal sodium and potassium handling in cirrhosis. The role ofaldosterone, cortisol, sympathoadrenergic tone, and intratubular factors. Gastroenterology. 1989; 96:1187-1198.
    • (1989) Gastroenterology , vol.96 , pp. 1187-1198
    • Trevisani, F.1    Bernardi, M.2    De Palma, R.3
  • 27
    • 4043108154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of cirrhosis and ascites
    • Gines P, Cardenas A, Arroyo V, et al. Management of cirrhosis and ascites. N Engl JMed. 2004;350:1646-1654.
    • (2004) N Engl JMed , vol.350 , pp. 1646-1654
    • Gines, P.1    Cardenas, A.2    Arroyo, V.3
  • 28
    • 0343923426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diuretic requirements after therapeutic paracentesis in non-azotemic patients with cirrhosis. A random-ized double-blind trial ofspironolactone versus placebo
    • Fernandez-Esparrach G, Guevara M, Sort P, et al. Diuretic requirements after therapeutic paracentesis in non-azotemic patients with cirrhosis. A random-ized double-blind trial ofspironolactone versus placebo. J Hepatol. 1997;26: 614-620.
    • (1997) J Hepatol , vol.26 , pp. 614-620
    • Fernandez-Esparrach, G.1    Guevara, M.2    Sort, P.3
  • 29
    • 66249120658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predisposing factors for adrenal insufficiency
    • Bornstein SR. Predisposing factors for adrenal insufficiency. N Engl JMed. 2009;360:2328-2339.
    • (2009) N Engl JMed , vol.360 , pp. 2328-2339
    • Bornstein, S.R.1
  • 30
    • 0035109990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydroepiandrosterone decreases mortality rate and improves cellular immune function during polymicrobial sepsis
    • Oberbeck R, Dahlweid M, Koch R, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone decreases mortality rate and improves cellular immune function during polymicrobial sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:380-384.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 380-384
    • Oberbeck, R.1    Dahlweid, M.2    Koch, R.3
  • 31
    • 0029559358 scopus 로고
    • Hypogonadism is not related to the etiology ofliver cirrhosis
    • Kaymakoglu S, Okten A, Cakaloglu Y, et al. Hypogonadism is not related to the etiology ofliver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol. 1995;30:745-750.
    • (1995) J Gastroenterol , vol.30 , pp. 745-750
    • Kaymakoglu, S.1    Okten, A.2    Cakaloglu, Y.3
  • 32
    • 0019759637 scopus 로고
    • Transport of steroid hormones: Binding of 21 endogenous steroids to both testosterone-binding globulin and corticoste-roid-binding globulin in human plasma
    • Dunn JF, Nisula BC, Rodbard D. Transport of steroid hormones: binding of 21 endogenous steroids to both testosterone-binding globulin and corticoste-roid-binding globulin in human plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981;53: 58-68.
    • (1981) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.53 , pp. 58-68
    • Dunn, J.F.1    Nisula, B.C.2    Rodbard, D.3
  • 33
    • 0025368906 scopus 로고
    • A role for corticosteroid-binding globulin in delivery of cortisol to activated neutrophils
    • Hammond GL, Smith CL, Paterson NA, et al. A role for corticosteroid- binding globulin in delivery of cortisol to activated neutrophils. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;71:34-39.
    • (1990) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.71 , pp. 34-39
    • Hammond, G.L.1    Smith, C.L.2    Paterson, N.A.3
  • 34
    • 3042762336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements ofserum free cortisol in critically ill patients
    • Hamrahian AH, Oseni TS, Arafah BM. Measurements ofserum free cortisol in critically ill patients. N Engl JMed. 2004;350:1629-1638.
    • (2004) N Engl JMed , vol.350 , pp. 1629-1638
    • Hamrahian, A.H.1    Oseni, T.S.2    Arafah, B.M.3
  • 35
    • 0038054450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal insufficiency
    • Arlt W, Allolio B. Adrenal insufficiency. Lancet. 2003;361:1881-1893.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1881-1893
    • Arlt, W.1    Allolio, B.2
  • 36
    • 38049015993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in critical illness
    • Venkataraman S, Munoz R, Candido C, et al. The hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis in critical illness. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2007;8:365-373.
    • (2007) Rev Endocr Metab Disord , vol.8 , pp. 365-373
    • Venkataraman, S.1    Munoz, R.2    Candido, C.3
  • 37
    • 34547635448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The large clostridial toxins from Clostrid-ium sordellii and C difficile repress glucocorticoid receptor activity
    • Tait AS, Dalton M, Geny B, et al. The large clostridial toxins from Clostrid-ium sordellii and C difficile repress glucocorticoid receptor activity. Infect Immun. 2007;75:3935-3940.
    • (2007) Infect Immun , vol.75 , pp. 3935-3940
    • Tait, A.S.1    Dalton, M.2    Geny, B.3
  • 38
    • 24644474636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthrax lethal toxin represses glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivation by inhibiting GR-DNA binding in vivo
    • Webster JI, Sternberg EM. Anthrax lethal toxin represses glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivation by inhibiting GR-DNA binding in vivo. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2005;241:21-31.
    • (2005) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.241 , pp. 21-31
    • Webster, J.I.1    Sternberg, E.M.2
  • 39
    • 44449109066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal insufficiency in prolonged critical illness
    • Wu JY, Hsu SC, Ku SC, et al. Adrenal insufficiency in prolonged critical illness. Crit Care. 2008;12:R65.
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12
    • Wu, J.Y.1    Hsu, S.C.2    Ku, S.C.3
  • 40
    • 37049011188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal exhaustion in septic patients with vaso-pressor dependency
    • Guzman JA, Guzman CB. Adrenal exhaustion in septic patients with vaso-pressor dependency. J Crit Care. 2007;22:319-323.
    • (2007) J Crit Care , vol.22 , pp. 319-323
    • Guzman, J.A.1    Guzman, C.B.2
  • 41
    • 1642535481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect ofselective intestinal decontamination on the hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhosis. A ran-domized trial
    • Rasaratnam B, Kaye D, Jennings G, et al. The effect ofselective intestinal decontamination on the hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhosis. A ran-domized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:186-193.
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.139 , pp. 186-193
    • Rasaratnam, B.1    Kaye, D.2    Jennings, G.3
  • 42
    • 0038637373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour necrosis factor alpha is an important mediator of portal and systemic haemodynamic derangements in alcoholic hepatitis
    • Mookerjee RP, Sen S, Davies NA, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha is an important mediator of portal and systemic haemodynamic derangements in alcoholic hepatitis. Gut. 2003;52:1182-1187.
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , pp. 1182-1187
    • Mookerjee, R.P.1    Sen, S.2    Davies, N.A.3
  • 43
    • 0027457502 scopus 로고
    • Serum cytokine levels in human septic shock. Relation to multiple-system organ failure and mortality
    • Pinsky MR, Vincent JL, Deviere J, et al. Serum cytokine levels in human septic shock. Relation to multiple-system organ failure and mortality. Chest. 1993;103:565-575.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 565-575
    • Pinsky, M.R.1    Vincent, J.L.2    Deviere, J.3
  • 44
    • 0026691627 scopus 로고
    • Serum levels ofcytokines in chronic liver diseases
    • Tilg H, Wilmer A, Vogel W, et al. Serum levels ofcytokines in chronic liver diseases. Gastroenterology. 1992;103:264-274.
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.103 , pp. 264-274
    • Tilg, H.1    Wilmer, A.2    Vogel, W.3
  • 45
    • 0029992311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine gene expression in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic human liver
    • Llorent L, Richaud-Patin Y, Alcocer-Castillejos N, et al. Cytokine gene expression in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic human liver. J Hepatol. 1996;24: 555-563.
    • (1996) J Hepatol , vol.24 , pp. 555-563
    • Llorent, L.1    Richaud-Patin, Y.2    Alcocer-Castillejos, N.3
  • 46
    • 0028141087 scopus 로고
    • Effects of lipopolysaccharide on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in vitro
    • Brunetti L, Preziosi P, Ragazzoni E, et al. Effects of lipopolysaccharide on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in vitro. Life Sci. 1994;54:PL165-PL171.
    • (1994) Life Sci , vol.54
    • Brunetti, L.1    Preziosi, P.2    Ragazzoni, E.3
  • 47
    • 0037927820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding and internal-ization oflipopolysaccharide by Cla-1, a human orthologue ofrodent scav-enger receptor B1
    • Vishnyakova TG, Bocharov AV, Baranova IN, et al. Binding and internal-ization oflipopolysaccharide by Cla-1, a human orthologue ofrodent scav-enger receptor B1. JBiol Chem. 2003;278:22771-22780.
    • (2003) JBiol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 22771-22780
    • Vishnyakova, T.G.1    Bocharov, A.V.2    Baranova, I.N.3
  • 48
    • 0036259780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide down regulates both scavenger receptor B1 and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 in RAW cells
    • Baranova I, Vishnyakova T, Bocharov A, et al. Lipopolysaccharide down regulates both scavenger receptor B1 and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 in RAW cells. Infect Immun. 2002;70:2995-3003.
    • (2002) Infect Immun , vol.70 , pp. 2995-3003
    • Baranova, I.1    Vishnyakova, T.2    Bocharov, A.3
  • 49
    • 0026081771 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor as a potent inhibitor of adrenocorticotropin- induced cortisol production and ste-roidogenic P450 enzyme gene expression in cultured human fetal adrenal cells
    • Jaattela M, Ilvesmaki V, Voutilainen R, et al. Tumor necrosis factor as a potent inhibitor of adrenocorticotropin-induced cortisol production and ste-roidogenic P450 enzyme gene expression in cultured human fetal adrenal cells. Endocrinology. 1991;128:623-629.
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.128 , pp. 623-629
    • Jaattela, M.1    Ilvesmaki, V.2    Voutilainen, R.3
  • 50
    • 0028047714 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines decrease apoli-poprotein accumulation in medium from Hep G2 cells
    • Ettinger WH, Varma VK, Sorci-Thomas M, et al. Cytokines decrease apoli-poprotein accumulation in medium from Hep G2 cells. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:8-13.
    • (1994) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.14 , pp. 8-13
    • Ettinger, W.H.1    Varma, V.K.2    Sorci-Thomas, M.3
  • 51
    • 0026057756 scopus 로고
    • Depletion of rat liver glucocorti-coid receptor hormone-binding and its mRNA in sepsis
    • Ali M, Allen HR, Vedeckis WV, et al. Depletion of rat liver glucocorti-coid receptor hormone-binding and its mRNA in sepsis. Life Sci. 1991; 48:603-611.
    • (1991) Life Sci , vol.48 , pp. 603-611
    • Ali, M.1    Allen, H.R.2    Vedeckis, W.V.3
  • 52
    • 0035169503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of the FK506-binding immunophilin FKBP51 is the common cause ofglucocorti-coid resistance in three new world primates
    • Scammell JG, Denny WB, Valentine DL, et al. Overexpression of the FK506-binding immunophilin FKBP51 is the common cause ofglucocorti-coid resistance in three new world primates. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2001; 124:152-165.
    • (2001) Gen Comp Endocrinol , vol.124 , pp. 152-165
    • Scammell, J.G.1    Denny, W.B.2    Valentine, D.L.3
  • 53
    • 0029051393 scopus 로고
    • Differential adaptation ofglucocor-ticoid sensitivity ofperipheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in patients with sepsis or septic shock
    • Molijn GJ, Spek JJ, van Uffelen JC, et al. Differential adaptation ofglucocor-ticoid sensitivity ofperipheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in patients with sepsis or septic shock. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:1799-1803.
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 1799-1803
    • Molijn, G.J.1    Spek, J.J.2    Van Uffelen, J.C.3
  • 54
    • 0027452140 scopus 로고
    • Changes ofpulmonary glucocorticoid receptor and phospholipase A2 in sheep with acute lung injury after high dose endotoxin infusion
    • Liu LY, Sun B, Tian Y, et al. Changes ofpulmonary glucocorticoid receptor and phospholipase A2 in sheep with acute lung injury after high dose endotoxin infusion Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148(4 Pt 1):878-881.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.148 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 878-881
    • Liu, L.Y.1    Sun, B.2    Tian, Y.3
  • 55
    • 0029166231 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-induced down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte in patients with sepsis or septic shock
    • Molijn GJ, Koper JW, van Uffelen CJ, et al. Temperature-induced down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1995;43:197-203.
    • (1995) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.43 , pp. 197-203
    • Molijn, G.J.1    Koper, J.W.2    Van Uffelen, C.J.3
  • 56
    • 0000950760 scopus 로고
    • Comparative studies on adrenal cortical function and cortisol metabolism in healthy adults and in patients with shock due to infection
    • Melby JC, Spink WW. Comparative studies on adrenal cortical function and cortisol metabolism in healthy adults and in patients with shock due to infection JClin Invest. 1958;37:1791-1798.
    • (1958) J Clin Invest , vol.37 , pp. 1791-1798
    • Melby, J.C.1    Spink, W.W.2
  • 57
    • 0037085381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new first step in activation of steroid receptors: Hormone-induced switching ofFKBP51 and FKBP52 immunophi-lins
    • Davies TH, Ning YM, Sanchez ER. A new first step in activation of steroid receptors: hormone-induced switching ofFKBP51 and FKBP52 immunophi-lins. JBiol Chem. 2002;277:4597-4600.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 4597-4600
    • Davies, T.H.1    Ning, Y.M.2    Sanchez, E.R.3
  • 58
    • 0032905515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation ofthe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cytokines: Actions andmechanisms of action
    • Turnbull AV, Rivier CL. Regulation ofthe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cytokines: actions andmechanisms of action Physiol Rev. 1999;79:1-71.
    • (1999) Physiol Rev , vol.79 , pp. 1-71
    • Turnbull, A.V.1    Rivier, C.L.2
  • 59
    • 0035194601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced adrenal response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in interleukin-6-deficient mice
    • van Enckevort FH, Sweep CG, Span PN, et al. Reduced adrenal response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in interleukin-6-deficient mice. J Endocrinol Invest. 2001;24:786-795.
    • (2001) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.24 , pp. 786-795
    • Van Enckevort, F.H.1    Sweep, C.G.2    Span, P.N.3
  • 60
    • 0035680836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced adrenal response and increased mortality after systemic Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in inter-leukin-6-deficient mice
    • van Enckevort FH, Sweep CG, Span PN, et al. Reduced adrenal response and increased mortality after systemic Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in inter-leukin-6-deficient mice. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2001;12:581-586.
    • (2001) Eur Cytokine Netw , vol.12 , pp. 581-586
    • Van Enckevort, F.H.1    Sweep, C.G.2    Span, P.N.3
  • 61
    • 0028906714 scopus 로고
    • Adrenal insufficiency occurring during septic shock: Incidence, outcome, and relationship to peripheral cytokine levels
    • Soni A, Pepper GM, Wyrwinski PM, et al. Adrenal insufficiency occurring during septic shock: incidence, outcome, and relationship to peripheral cytokine levels. Am JMed. 1995;98:266-271.
    • (1995) Am JMed , vol.98 , pp. 266-271
    • Soni, A.1    Pepper, G.M.2    Wyrwinski, P.M.3
  • 62
    • 0034883374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of hypolipidemia to cytokine concentrations and outcomes in critically ill surgical patients
    • Gordon BR, Parker TS, Levine DM, et al. Relationship of hypolipidemia to cytokine concentrations and outcomes in critically ill surgical patients. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:1563-1568.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 1563-1568
    • Gordon, B.R.1    Parker, T.S.2    Levine, D.M.3
  • 63
    • 0027131202 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant interleukin-6 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in humans
    • Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP, Weber JS. Recombinant interleukin-6 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;77:1690-1694.
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 1690-1694
    • Mastorakos, G.1    Chrousos, G.P.2    Weber, J.S.3
  • 64
    • 0033305459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1alpha, reduces glucocorticoid receptor translocation and func-tion
    • Pariante CM, Pearce BD, Pisell TL, et al. The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1alpha, reduces glucocorticoid receptor translocation and func-tion. Endocrinology. 1999;140:4359-4366.
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , pp. 4359-4366
    • Pariante, C.M.1    Pearce, B.D.2    Pisell, T.L.3
  • 65
    • 0032884057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenocortical function in critically ill patients 24 h after a single dose ofetomidate
    • Absalom A, Pledger D, Kong A. Adrenocortical function in critically ill patients 24 h after a single dose ofetomidate. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:861-867.
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , pp. 861-867
    • Absalom, A.1    Pledger, D.2    Kong, A.3
  • 66
    • 0035094011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute adrenal failure associated with fluconazole after administration of high-dose cyclophosphamide
    • Shibata S, Kami M, Kanda Y, et al. Acute adrenal failure associated with fluconazole after administration of high-dose cyclophosphamide. Am J He-matol. 2001;66:303-305.
    • (2001) Am J Hematol , vol.66 , pp. 303-305
    • Shibata, S.1    Kami, M.2    Kanda, Y.3
  • 67
    • 45149105776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: Consensus statements from an international task force by the American College ofCritical Care Medicine
    • Marik PE, Pastores SM, Annane D, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: consensus statements from an international task force by the American College ofCritical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:1937-1949.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1937-1949
    • Marik, P.E.1    Pastores, S.M.2    Annane, D.3
  • 68
    • 0037250881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal insufficiency during septic shock
    • Marik PE, Zaloga GP. Adrenal insufficiency during septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:141-145.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 141-145
    • Marik, P.E.1    Zaloga, G.P.2
  • 69
    • 27944488691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock: Comparison of low-dose and conventional corti-cotropin tests
    • Siraux V, De Backer D, Yalavatti G, et al. Relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock: comparison of low-dose and conventional corti-cotropin tests. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:2479-2486.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2479-2486
    • Siraux, V.1    De Backer, D.2    Yalavatti, G.3
  • 70
    • 23844451027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortisol response in relation to the severity ofstress and illness
    • Widmer IE, Puder JJ, Konig C, et al. Cortisol response in relation to the severity ofstress and illness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:4579-4586.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 4579-4586
    • Widmer, I.E.1    Puder, J.J.2    Konig, C.3
  • 71
    • 34547662017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative adrenal insufficiency as a predictor of disease severity, mortality, and beneficial effects of corti-costeroid treatment in septic shock
    • de Jong MF, Beishuizen A, Spijkstra JJ, et al. Relative adrenal insufficiency as a predictor of disease severity, mortality, and beneficial effects of corti-costeroid treatment in septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2007;35:1896-1903.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 1896-1903
    • De Jong, M.F.1    Beishuizen, A.2    Spijkstra, J.J.3
  • 72
    • 0037151571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect oftreatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock
    • Annane D, Sebille V, Charpentier C, et al. Effect oftreatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA. 2002;288:862-871.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 862-871
    • Annane, D.1    Sebille, V.2    Charpentier, C.3
  • 73
    • 3042858950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: The effect ofsteroids on survival and shock during sepsis depends on the dose
    • Minneci PC, Deans KJ, Banks SM, et al. Meta-analysis: the effect ofsteroids on survival and shock during sepsis depends on the dose. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:47-56.
    • (2004) Ann Intern Med , vol.141 , pp. 47-56
    • Minneci, P.C.1    Deans, K.J.2    Banks, S.M.3
  • 74
    • 0033829922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydrocortisone on phenylephrine-mean arterial pressure dose-response relationship in septic shock
    • Bellissant E, Annane D. Effect of hydrocortisone on phenylephrine-mean arterial pressure dose-response relationship in septic shock. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000;68:293-303.
    • (2000) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.68 , pp. 293-303
    • Bellissant, E.1    Annane, D.2
  • 75
    • 0031942028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal oflate septic shock with supraphysiologic doses ofhydrocortisone
    • Bollaert PE, Charpentier C, Levy B, et al. Reversal oflate septic shock with supraphysiologic doses ofhydrocortisone. Crit Care Med. 1998;26:645-650.
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 645-650
    • Bollaert, P.E.1    Charpentier, C.2    Levy, B.3
  • 76
    • 0032946372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress doses of hydrocortisone reverse hyperdynamic septic shock: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study
    • Briegel J, Forst H, Haller M, et al. Stress doses of hydrocortisone reverse hyperdynamic septic shock: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:723-732.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 723-732
    • Briegel, J.1    Forst, H.2    Haller, M.3
  • 77
    • 38049110809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock
    • Sprung CL, Annane D, Keh D, et al. Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock. NEngl JMed. 2008;358:111-124.
    • (2008) NEngl JMed , vol.358 , pp. 111-124
    • Sprung, C.L.1    Annane, D.2    Keh, D.3
  • 79
    • 37549020378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008
    • Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:296-327.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med. , vol.36 , pp. 296-327
    • Dellinger, R.P.1    Levy, M.M.2    Carlet, J.M.3
  • 80
    • 14644401716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement on insulin sensitivity and lipids in hypoadrenal women
    • Dhatariya K, Bigelow ML, Nair KS. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement on insulin sensitivity and lipids in hypoadrenal women. Diabe-tes. 2005;54:765-769.
    • (2005) Diabe-tes , vol.54 , pp. 765-769
    • Dhatariya, K.1    Bigelow, M.L.2    Nair, K.S.3
  • 81
    • 0344394239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a role for dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in the intensive care population?
    • Dhatariya KK. Is there a role for dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in the intensive care population? Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:1877-1880.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 1877-1880
    • Dhatariya, K.K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.