Relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock: Comparison of low-dose and conventional corticotropin tests

Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 33, Issue 11, 2005, Pages 2479-2486

  Siraux, Valérie ^a   De Backer, Daniel ^a   Yalavatti, Gangadhar ^a   Mélot, Christian ^a   Gervy, Christine ^a   Mockel, Jean ^a   Vincent, Jean Louis ^a  

^a ERASME HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Cortisol; Diagnostic test; Methodology; Outcome

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROCORTISONE;

ADRENAL FUNCTION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CALCULATION; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICOTROPIN TEST; DRUG MEGADOSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; LOW DRUG DOSE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEPTIC SHOCK; SURVIVAL RATE; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 27944488691     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000185641.87051.7C     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Zaloga GP, Marik P: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal insufficiency. Crit Care Clin 2001; 17:25-41
2. Hinshaw LB, Beller BK, Chang AC, et al: Corticosteroid/antibiotic treatment of adrenalectomized dogs challenged with lethal E. coli. Circ Shock 1985; 16:265-277
3. Ledingham IMA, Watt I: Influence of sedation on mortality in critically multiple trauma patients. Lancet 1983; i:1270
4. Fourrier F, Bricard H, Cohen Y: Cortico-thérapie au cours du choc septique et du synfrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte. Réanim Urg 2000; 9:597-603
5. Schein RM, Sprung CL, Marcial E, et al: Plasma cortisol levels in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med 1990; 18:259-263
6. Bouachour G, Tirot P, Gouello JP, et al: Adrenocortical function during septic shock. Intensive Care Med 1995; 21:57-62
7. Annane D, Sebille V, Troche G, et al: A 3-level prognostic classification in septic shock based on cortisol levels and cortisol response to corticotropin. JAMA 2000; 283:1038-1045
8. Rothwell PM, Udwadia ZF, Lawler PG: Cortisol response to corticotropin and survival in septic shock. Lancet 1991; 337:582-583
9. Dorin RI, Qualls CR, Crapo LM: Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139:194-204
10. Dickstein G: The assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in pituitary disease: Are there short cuts? J Endocrinol Invest 2003; 26:25-30
11. Bollaert PE, Charpentier C, Levy B, et al: Reversal of late septic shock with supraphysiologic doses of hydrocortisone. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:645-650
12. Briegel J, Forst H, Haller M, et al: Stress doses of hydrocortisone reverse hyperdynamic septic shock: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:723-732
13. Annane D, Sebille V, Charpentier C, et al: Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA 2002; 288:862-871
14. Rivers EP, Gaspari M, Saad GA, et al: Adrenal insufficiency in high-risk surgical ICU patients. Chest 2001; 119:889-896
15. Dickstein G, Shechner C, Nicholson WE, et al: Adrenocorticotropin stimulation test: effects of basal cortisol level, time of day, and suggested new sensitive low-dose test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 72:773-778
16. Rasmuson S, Olsson T, Hagg E: A low dose ACTH test to assess the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996; 44:151-156
17. Tordjman K, Jaffe A, Trostanetsky Y, et al: Low-dose (1 microgram) adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation as a screening test for impaired hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function: Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in comparison with the high-dose (250 microgram) test. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 52:633-640
18. Marik PE, Zaloga GP: Adrenal insufficiency during septic shock. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:141-145
19. ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1992; 20:864-874
20. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, et al: CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control 1988; 16:128-140
21. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, et al: APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985; 13: 818-829
22. Vincent JL, Moreno J, Takala J, et al: The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med 2000; 22:707-710
23. Cooper MS, Stewart PM: Corticosteroid insufficiency in acutely ill patients. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:727-734
24. Moran JL, Chapman MJ, O'Fathartaigh MS, et al: Hypocortisolaemia and adrenocortical responsiveness at onset of septic shock. Intensive Care Med 1994; 20:489-495
25. Soni A, Pepper GM, Wyrwinski PM, et al: Adrenal insufficiency occurring during septic shock: Incidence, outcome, and relationship to peripheral cytokine levels. Am J Med 1995; 98:266-271
26. Turnbull AV, Rivier CL: Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cytokines: Actions and mechanisms of action. Physiol Rev 1999; 79:1-71
27. Wang P, Ba ZF, Jarrar D, et al: Mechanism of adrenal insufficiency following trauma and severe hemorrhage: Role of hepatic 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Arch Surg 1999; 134:394-401
28. Voerman HJ, Strack van Schijndel RJ, Groeneveld AB, et al: Pulsatile hormone secretion during severe sepsis: Accuracy of different blood sampling regimens. Metabolism 1992; 41:934-940
29. Perrot D, Bonneton A, Dechaud H, et al: Hypercortisolism in septic shock is not suppressible by dexamethasone infusion. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:396-401
30. Meduri GU, Kanangat S: Glucocorticoid treatment of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Time for a critical reappraisal. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:630-633
31. Briegel J, Schelling G, Haller M, et al: A comparison of the adrenocortical response during septic shock and after complete recovery. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22: 894-899
32. Manglik S, Flores E, Lubarsky L, et al: Glucocorticoid insufficiency in patients who present to the hospital with severe sepsis: A prospective clinical trial. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1668-1675
33. Annane D: Time for a consensus definition of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1868-1869
34. Beishuizen A, Vermes I, Hylkema BS, et al: Relative eosinophilia and functional adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients. Lancet 1999; 353:1675-1676
35. Crowley S, Hindmarsh PC, Holownia P, et al: The use of low doses of ACTH in the investigation of adrenal function in man. J Endocrinol 1991; 130:475-479
36. Tordjman K, Jaffe A, Grazas N, et al: The role of the low dose (1 microgram) adrenocorticotropin test in the evaluation of patients with pituitary diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80:1301-1305
37. Abdu TA, Elhadd TA, Neary R, et al: Comparison of the low dose short synacthen test (1 microg), the conventional dose short synacthen test (250 microg), and the insulin tolerance test for assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with pituitary disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:838-843
38. Hamrahian AH, Oseni TS, Arafah BM: Measurements of serum free cortisol in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1629-1638
39. Beishuizen A, Thijs LG, Vermes L: Patterns of corticosteroid-binding globulin and the free cortisol index during septic shock and multitrauma. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:1584-1591
40. Schroeder S, Wichers M, Klingmuller D, et al: The hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis of patients with severe sepsis: Altered response to corticotropin-releasing hormone. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:310-316